@article {1841, title = { Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Couple Electrochemistry }, journal = {NANOMATERIALS}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Three different types of lignin (kraft, organosolv and phosphoric acid lignin) were characterized and tested as precursors of electrospun nanofibers. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was added as a plasticizer and dimethyl formamide (DMF) employed as a solvent. It was found that the molecular weight of lignin was the key parameter to understand the differences of the mechanical stability of the resultant fiber mats. In the case of kraft lignin (KL), the influence of some changes in the synthetic process was also tested: applied voltage, pretreatment in air or not, and the addition of a small amount of Ketjen black. After pyrolysis in nitrogen flow, the obtained carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were characterized by different techniques to analyze their differences in morphology and surface chemistry. Vanadium electrochemistry in 3M sulfuric acid was used to evaluate the different CNFs. All fibers allowed electrochemical reactions, but we observed that the oxidation of V(II) to V(III) was very sensitive to the nature of the raw material. Materials prepared from kraft and phosphorus lignin showed the best performances. Nevertheless, when 1 wt.\% of Ketjen black was added to KL during the electrospinning, the electrochemical performance of the sample was significantly improved and all targeted reactions for an all-vanadium redox flow battery were observed. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrated that CNFs obtained by the electrospinning of lignin can be employed as electrodes for vanadium electrochemistry, and their properties can be tuned to improve their electrochemical properties.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02125947}, author = {J.F. VIVO-VILCHES and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE and A. DUFOUR and M. ETIENNE} } @article {1776, title = { Modelling the hygrothermal behaviour of cement-bonded wood composite panels as permanent formwork }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {142}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This paper reports on the hygrothermal behaviour of a new bio-based composite building material, based on recycled wood fibres used as eco-aggregate within a cementitious matrix. A coupled heat and moisture transfer was established through the material and resolved numerically with a model developed herein. Relative humidity and temperature were chosen as driving potentials. The hygric and thermal properties of the material were analysed and then used as input parameters in the model. The accuracy of the latter was verified by comparing the simulation results with experimental hygrothermal tests, from which the moisture buffering value (MBV) could be determined. The MBV showed that the wood-cement composite material might contribute to improve the indoor thermal comfort and be relevant for low-energy building design.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02357702}, author = {M. LI and V. NICOLAS and M. KHELIFA and M. EL-GANAOUI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1729, title = { Destructive vs. non-destructive methods for the mechanical characterisation of tannin-based thermoset foams }, journal = { POLYMER TESTING }, volume = {69}, year = {2018}, pages = {332-339}, abstract = {

The mechanical properties of a broad range of thermoset foams based on tannin were investigated through destructive compression tests, either with or without rigid plates glued to the opposite faces of the samples, and through a rather new, non-destructive, quasi-static method. The main objective was to compare both techniques, as well as the effect of the presence of plates, and to discuss the relevance of each for properly characterising the materials. Gluing stiff plates to the samples was found to be a key point for the appropriate determination of the elastic modulus of brittle foams, whereas it did not affect that of elastic-plastic foams. In contrast, the compressive strength did not depend on the kind of test. The results obtained by destructive compression were then compared to those of the new non-destructive technique, proving that the latter was suitable for characterising elastic-plastic foams but not brittle foams. However, the new method allowed determining Poisson ratio and loss factor, which had never been measured so far for this kind of materials.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1731, title = { Impact of the formulation of biosourced phenolic foams on their fire properties }, journal = { POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY }, volume = {153}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {

The fire retardance properties of rigid, biosourced phenolic foams derived from tannins, which are novel, environment-friendly thermal insulators, are essential before the latter can be applied to the building sector. In this work, tannin-based foams prepared from new formulations and using different foaming methods were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC). It was found that the flammability strongly depends on the formulation, so that tannin foams perform very differently depending on the presence of surfactant and plasticiser and, more importantly, on their initial water content. Moreover, a good correlation was observed between TGA and PCFC results. Nevertheless, due to their highly resistant phenolic, crosslinked, polymer network, all materials released a quite low amount of hydrocarbon fuel during thermal decomposition, leading to low heat release rates and high ignition times, and thus providing very good fire retardance properties. Based on the above, the foam presenting the highest fire retardance was identified, confirming our conclusions about the role of the ingredients in the formulation.

}, url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02621928}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and J. SARAZIN and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and S. BOURBIGOT and A. CELZARD} } @article {1749, title = { Mechanically blown wall-projected tannin-based foams }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {113}, year = {2018}, pages = {316-323}, abstract = {

Condensed flavonoid tannin-based foams from quebracho tannin extract have been developed using a new method of expansion based on fire-fighting or tunneling foams, where a foam concentrate forms a stable liquid foam. This new mechanical method of expansion allows obtaining a solid porous material after curing and hardening at room temperature, through a liquid foam formed by a tannin resin and an aqueous solution of surfactant. The stability of the as-obtained liquid foam and the influence of the amount of catalyst are reported. The use of this new approach for preparing tannin-based rigid foams avoids the problem of shrinkage presented by many other formulations where physical or chemical foaming is employed. Non-ionic surfactants have also been used in the formulation to obtain smaller cells and improve the structure of the new material. Bulk density (0.069-0.080 g/cm(3)), mechanical (compressive strength of 0.034-0.13 MPa) and thermal (0.045-0.047 W m(-1)K(-1)) properties and morphological appearance of the foams have been characterised and reported.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1752, title = { Optimisation of "green" tannin-furanic foams for thermal insulation by experimental design }, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {139}, year = {2018}, pages = {7-15}, abstract = {

In this paper, \"green\" tannin-furanic foams were prepared based on formulations free of formaldehyde and foaming agent, aiming at obtaining the best thermal insulators as possible with the highest mechanical resistance. Both of these properties are antagonistic, since low thermal conductivity requires high porosity whereas high mechanical properties require low porosity. Thus, experimental design was applied for the first time to this kind of formulations. Thanks to a limited number of experiments suggested by a rational mixture design, the experimental responses: thermal conductivity, elastic modulus and compressive strength were modelled and predicted based on the relative proportions of three main ingredients of the formulation. The results revealed that the formulations containing a high proportion of furfuryl alcohol, a moderate proportion of tannin and a low level of catalyst led to the best compromise between properties having opposed trends. Thus, optimised foams presented a thermal conductivity of 0.039 W m(-1) K-1 and compression strength of 0.07 MPa. The reliability of the model used was successfully validated by additional tests. This proved it to be a very useful tool for developing environment-friendly tannin-furanic foams with desired features.

}, url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627106}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and F. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1723, title = { Projectable tannin foams by mechanical and chemical expansion }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {120}, year = {2018}, pages = {90-96}, abstract = {

A new formulation of quebracho tannin-based resin has been used to prepare bio-based rigid foams. The proposed foams were blown by using the simultaneous combination of two expansion methods by mechanical expansion as used for fire-fighting foams and by chemical expansion based on the release of water and other gases during the exothermal self-condensation of furfuryl alcohol. The combination of both methods allowed us to overcome certain limitations found in the preparation of foams exclusively based on mechanical expansion These were the resulting density (16\% lower than that obtained by mechanical expansion) and the mechanical properties (compressive strength improved of about 11\%). Resin chemorheology was characterized under stressed conditions using frequency and time sweeps as well as temperature ramps. The evolution of the linear viscoelastic functions during the reaction clearly showed the transition from viscous to strong gel-like behavior. The foaming and hardening processes were followed by the use of FOAMAT equipment and the resulting foams were characterized in terms of density (0.059-0.063 g/cm(3)), mechanical properties (compressive strength of 0.090-0.144 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.046-0.048 W m(-1) K-1).

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and A. TENORIO-ALFONSO and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and M.C. SANCHEZ and J.M. FRANCO} } @article {1674, title = { Fire-resistant tannin-ethylene glycol gels working as rubber springs with tuneable elastic properties }, journal = { JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {14720-14732}, abstract = {

Fire-resistant elastic materials made from tannin, a natural polyphenol extracted from tree barks, and having the appearance and the consistence of rubber are described. They can be produced in any dimension and with any shape based on a quite simple protocol, only consisting in mixing tannin, water and ethylene glycol, in the presence of a low amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid. After curing at 85 degrees C in an oven and subsequent drying, black elastic blocks are recovered whose mechanical properties can be easily adjusted from the proportions of the ingredients, especially with the amount of ethylene glycol acting as plasticiser. As a result, materials from extra-soft to hard can be obtained. Their retardant performance towards fire is demonstrated, a well-known feature of phenolic compounds here observed for the first time with an elastic material. Physicochemical analyses are performed and explain the chemistry behind the performances of these new biosourced materials.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and G. AMARAL-LABAT and L.I. GRISHECHKO and A. SANCHEZ-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1683, title = { Mechanical properties of model vitreous carbon foams }, journal = {CARBON}, volume = {116}, year = {2017}, pages = {562-571}, abstract = {

The present paper deals with the relations between structural and physical properties of model vitreous carbon foams, i.e., presenting different porous structures in terms of bulk density, cell size and connectivity, while having the same composition and the same carbon texture. Herein, their mechanical properties were investigated through a comparative analysis of samples either with or without rigid plates glued to their opposite faces and submitted to quasi-static compression. Both methods led to the same values of compressive strength, which followed the Gibson and Ashby (G\&A) equation for open-cell foams. The compressive modulus of both reticulated foams and cellular foams tested without plates only depended on the density and also followed the relation of G\&A for open-cell foams. For cellular foams with plates, the relation of G\&A for closed-cell foams applied with different values of phi, which is the percentage of solid only contained in the struts. Usually, only two types of foams are considered but it was highlighted here that a third type is of great interest: the semi-open-cell foams, which can be optimised through the values of both relative density and phi.

}, author = {M. LETELLIER and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1690, title = { Polycondensation Resins by Flavonoid Tannins Reaction with Amines }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Reaction of a condensed flavonoid tannin, namely mimosa tannin extract with a hexamethylene diamine, has been investigated. For that purpose, catechin was also used as a flavonoid model compound and treated in similar conditions. Solid-state cross-polarisation/ magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectroscopy studies revealed that polycondensation compounds leading to resins were obtained by the reaction of the amines with the phenolic hydroxy groups of the tannin. Simultaneously, a second reaction leading to the formation of ionic bonds between the two groups occurred. These new reactions have been shown to clearly lead to the reaction of several phenolic hydroxyl groups, and flavonoid unit oligomerisation, to form hardened resins.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and L. DELMOTTE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1692, title = { Preparation and structural characterisation of model cellular vitreous carbon foams }, journal = {CARBON}, volume = {112}, year = {2017}, pages = {208-218}, abstract = {

The aim the present work was to produce carbon foams with as different as possible porous structures but with similar composition and carbon texture for studying precisely the influence of different structural parameters such as density, cell size or interconnectivity on the physical properties of these foams. Over 60 different cellular carbon foams were obtained by pyrolysis of phenolic-furanic rigid foams, whose structure was tailored through some changes in the formulations. The structures of all of these materials were thoroughly characterised through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray microtomography. Both methods proved to give very consistent results, justifying the use of the simpler one, i.e., SEM. Very broad ranges of bulk densities (0.015 \<= d \<= 0.333 g cm(-3)) and of average cell diameters (100 \<= D \<= 5000 mu m) were obtained. Despite these very different morphologies, elemental analysis, helium pycnometry and Raman spectroscopy studies showed that the carbon constituting the foams can be considered as identical. The results presented here should be used as a basis for the most thorough and extensive studies of physical properties of vitreous carbon foams.

}, author = {M. LETELLIER and A. SZCZUREK and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and O. FERRY and A. CELZARD} } @article {1689, title = { Stability analysis of tannin-based foams using multiple light-scattering measurements }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {87}, year = {2017}, pages = {318-330}, abstract = {

Liquid foams were prepared by whipping aqueous solutions based on natural polyphenols, surfactant and crosslinker. The destabilisation mechanisms of such thick, opaque and viscous liquid foams were investigated for the first time with a light-scattering detection method using an optical analyser. The technique allowed separating processes such as drainage, coalescence and coarsening, and sedimentation, so that each of them could be investigated independently as a function of whipping time, surfactant amount, and temperature. The corresponding average bubble diameters could also be determined as a function of time. It was shown that this kind of optical analysis is quite relevant for optimising formulations and foaming conditions with the aim of recovering rigid foams after polymerisation, having a given homogeneous structure that might be useful for various applications such as thermal insulation or acoustic absorption.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and S. LI and A. PASC and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1624, title = { Experimental and numerical analysis of CFRP-strengthened finger-jointed timber beams }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {68}, year = {2016}, pages = {283-297}, abstract = {

Experimental and finite element (FE) studies of bending behaviour of finger-jointed timber (Spruce) beams reinforced with CFRP material were performed. Four-point bending tests with distinct reinforcement configurations were proposed in order to determine stiffness, ductility and strength values of strengthened finger-jointed timber beams. The experimental results obtained under flexure showed that the external bonding of CFRP increased the load-bearing capacity of finger-jointed Spruce timber beams. The numerical results presented here were based on the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) available in Abaqus code, allowing the description of the progressive failure mode of the finger-jointed timber beams under flexural load. The FE models took the different material constitutive laws (wood, CFRP and adhesive) into account, including the bond-slip actions between finger-joints and CFRP-timber interface. The results in terms of load-mid span deflection and failure modes obtained experimentally and numerically were compared. Once the FE simulations were calibrated, the differences between experimental and predicted ultimate loads were around 4.5\% only. A good agreement was therefore found, proving the relevance of the presented FE models to predict the load-bearing capacity and to capture the failure mode of CFRP-strengthened finger-jointed Spruce timber beams in bending.

}, author = {M. KHELIFA and A. CELZARD and M. OUDJENE and J. RUELLE} } @article {1595, title = { Hydrophobisation of tannin-based foams by covalent grafting of silanes }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {92}, year = {2016}, pages = {116-126}, abstract = {

Thermally insulating foams based on Mimosa bark extracts (Acacia Meansii) were hydrophobised with the aim of decreasing their sensitivity to moisture. Two different formulations leading to rigid foams presenting similar porosity were prepared, and were covalently grafted with three kinds of organosilanes. Non-treated and hydrophobised samples were all thoroughly characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and corresponding surface energy calculations, water sorption and thermal conductivity studies. Hydrophobisation produced a significant repellence towards liquid water but did not prevent water vapour sorption. Water uptake, however, was limited compared to the non-treated materials. As a result, the increase of thermal conductivity at high relative humidity was lower after hydrophobisation.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01394526}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M. LETELLIER and V. FIERRO and H. CHAPUIS and C. GERARDIN and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1619, title = { Improving Water Repellence and Friability of Tannin-Furanic Foams by Oil-Grafted Flavonoid Tannins }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {11}, year = {2016}, pages = {7754-7768}, abstract = {

Tannin-furanic biobased foams, based on the co-reaction of bark-derived condensed tannins and thermoset furanic polymers, have low thermal conductivity, are self-extinguishing, and have high fire resistance, which allows their development for several industrial uses. One of their main drawbacks, however, is the absorption of water within the foam itself. Another problem is the rather friable surface, which is a definite drawback for some potential applications. In this work, these two problems are minimized or eliminated by introducing a component of oil-grafted tannin in the foam formulation. The incorporation of fatty chains markedly decreased foam friability and increased water repellency in the body of the foams. These properties and the compounds formed by fatty acids grafting onto the tannin flavonoids were extensively tested.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599595}, author = {G. RANGEL and H. CHAPUIS and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and C. GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER} } @article {1633, title = { Numerical damage prediction in dowel connections of wooden structures }, journal = { MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES }, volume = {49}, year = {2016}, pages = {1829-1840}, abstract = {

The behaviour of timber connections is very complex because of the interaction between brittle and ductile failure modes that develop within the contact areas between the timber and the dowel. Simulating this behaviour numerically requires the use of multidimensional failure criteria as well as the use of coupled constitutive equations accounting for both non-linear isotropic hardening and isotropic ductile damage. Such a formulation is proposed in the present work and implemented within a Vumat user-defined subroutine in Abaqus/Explicit. The model is used to simulate the behaviour of a double shear timber steel connection. Good agreement was found between the FE results and experimental ones, which showed the good capability of the model to predict the onset of ductile damage and growth. It was found that failure results from ductile defects initiation, growth and propagation inside narrow shear bands wherein the plastic strain is highly localised.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294587}, author = {M. KHELIFA and A. KHENNANE and M. EL-GANAOUI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1634, title = { Structure and properties of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-tannin polyHIPEs }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {78}, year = {2016}, pages = {195-212}, abstract = {

The synthesis and the properties of the first polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) derived from co-reacted tannin and furfuryl alcohol resin, are reported in this paper. Such highly porous thermoset polymers were obtained by emulsion-templating in the form of strong monoliths, using 70 vol\% of cyclohexane as the internal phase. The volatility of the latter made the preparation process very simple, not requiring the usual long washing steps encountered in the synthesis of most polyHIPEs. The structure of these new materials was investigated by different techniques as a function of the amount of surfactant in the initial formulation. The pore sizes exhibited clear trends that were explained. The materials were found to be interesting thermal insulators whereas presenting outstanding mechanical properties, among the highest ever reported for porous polymers.

}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and M. THEBAULT and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1549, title = { Biobased foams from condensed tannin extracts from Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, pages = {144-153}, abstract = {

Different kinds of tannin-based foams were developed in the recent past with fisetinidin/robetinidin-type tannins extracted from mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) or quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzi) bark; or procyanidin-type tannins from pine (Pious pinaster and Pinus radiata). These biobased porous products revealed excellent properties similar to their synthetic counterparts in many applications. Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark is another large potential source of procyanidin-type tannins. In this study rigid and homogeneous foams were produced from purified tannins containing at least 80\% of polyflavonoid condensed tannins. This paper deals with the study of spruce tannins reactivity for rigid foam formulations. Characterization results have point out their very good mechanical resistance (sigma \> 0.08 MPa), and low thermal conductivities (lambda \< 0.045 W/m/K) at low densities (d \< 50kg/m3).

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294580}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M. COP and K. KEMPPAINEN and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and M.P. LABORIE and M. SERNEK and A. CELZARD} } @article {1578, title = { Catalytic conversion of methane over a biomass char for hydrogen production: deactivation and regeneration by steam gasification }, journal = { APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL }, volume = {490}, year = {2015}, pages = {170-180}, abstract = {

CH4 decomposition over a wood char was investigated as an alternative green catalyst.to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) deposition leads to apparent deactivation of the catalyst by pore-mouth plugging. The activity of the carbon bed and its available surface area are easily restored by H2O gasification. The used char with pyrocarbon deposition was even found to be more reactive to gasification than the fresh char used in our conditions. This finding was highlighted by: (i) determination of gasification reaction extents by steam, (ii) temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) of the fresh, used and reactivated chars and (iii) TPO under differential scanning calorimetry of these chars and demineralised chars. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis of the chars showed different multiscale organisation of the carbon materials (disordered and graphitic mesoporous nanostructures). The fast regeneration of the used char could be attributed to the catalytic effect of the minerals present in the char that are reduced under our conditions of CH4 conversion. The predominant oxidation of the pyrocarbon compared to the char during its regeneration is evidenced through differential annealing (at 1800 degrees C) followed by XRD analysis. The oxidation of pyrocarbon is faster than the oxidation of the weakly reactive mesoporous carbon in char as shown by the HRTEM analysis. Consequently, wood char is an effective, easy to regenerate and cheap catalyst for converting hydrocarbons (CH4 or tar) into syngas.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01227900}, author = {A. DUFOUR and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and F. BROUST and C. COURSON and A. ZOULALIAN and J.N. ROUZAUD} } @article {1258, title = {FE simulation of repaired timber beams under tensile load using CFRP patches.}, journal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology}, volume = {29}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, chapter = {158}, author = {M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1551, title = { Finite element analysis of flexural strengthening of timber beams with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymers }, journal = { ENGINEERING STRUCTURES }, volume = {101}, year = {2015}, pages = {364-375}, abstract = {

This study focuses on the flexural behaviour of timber beams externally reinforced using Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). A non-linear finite element analysis was proposed, and was validated with respect to experimental tests carried out on seven beams. All the beams had the same square cross-section geometry and were loaded under four-point bending, but had different numbers of CFRP layers. The Abaqus software was used, and different material models were evaluated with respect to their ability to describe the behaviour of the solid timber beams. Elasto-plastic behaviour with damage effect was assumed for the timber material, linear elastic isotropic model was used for the CFRP, and a cohesive model was used to represent the interaction between two adherent surfaces (CFRP and timber). These two surfaces were paired and, taking into account the presence of an adhesive layer, one of them was defined as the master surface whilst the other was the slave surface. Predicted and measured load-mid-span deflection responses and failure modes were compared. The increases of flexural strength for the two different reinforcement schemes with 2 and 3 layers of CFRP composite sheets were 41.82\% and 60.24\%, respectively, with respect to the unreinforced timber beams. The maximal difference between calculated and experimental ultimate load-bearing capacity for reinforced solid timber beams with 2-layers of CFRP was around 1.2\%.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294583}, author = {M. KHELIFA and S. AUCHET and P.J. MEAUSOONE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1558, title = { First Tools for Tannin-Furanic Foams Design }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {5233-5241}, abstract = {

Formaldehyde-free quebracho tannin foams were prepared for the first time. Several simple formulations have been presented in order to study the capital influence of each component on foaming and therefore on the characteristics of the obtained foams. Incorporation of a non-ionic surfactant leads to smaller cells and a more homogeneous cell size distribution. Cross-linking agents improve the mechanical properties of foams. A combination of different catalysts allows control of the ratio between the expansion/hardening processes. The understanding of the roles and interactions of the different components of formulation make possible the design of tannin foams having specific properties.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294586}, author = {M.C. BASSO and M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1553, title = { Flexural strengthening of finger-jointed Spruce timber beams with CFRP }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {29}, year = {2015}, pages = {2104-2116}, abstract = {

This study describes an experimental and numerical investigation of the use of CFRP material for strengthening finger-jointed Spruce timber beams. The corresponding experimental work was based on a four-point bending test configuration in order to characterise stiffness, ductility and strength. The results show that the external bonding of CFRP increased the ultimate load-bearing capacity of finger-jointed Spruce timber beams under flexure. FE simulations were also carried out, based on the cohesive zone model (CZM) available in Abaqus software to allow an accurate description of the damage evolution of the bond lines within the finger joint until failure. The FE models incorporated the different materials\&$\#$39; nonlinear constitutive laws including bond-slip action between finger joints and CFRP-timber interface. The results indicated increases of 33.84\% and 16.7\% for flexural capacity and initial stiffness, respectively, in comparison with unreinforced finger-jointed Spruce specimens. Besides, comparisons of computed and experimental ultimate loads for all tested specimens showed that the absolute error was around 5\%. It is concluded that the developed FE models are able to predict accurately ultimate load and failure mode of finger-jointed Spruce timber beams strengthened with CFRP materials.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294579}, author = {M. KHELIFA and M.A. LAHOUAR and A. CELZARD} } @article {1567, title = { Formaldehyde-Free Prorobitenidin/Profi setinidin Tannin/Furanic Foams Based on Alternative Aldehydes: Glyoxal and Glutaraldehyde }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, pages = {142-150}, abstract = {

Tannin/furanic foams, typically 95\% composed of materials of natural origin such as prorobinetinidin/profisetinidin tannins and furfuryl alcohol, are potential alternatives to oil-based synthetic foams such as phenol-formaldehyde, and polyurethane foams. This article describes the development of second generation tannin/furanic foams, which are not only formaldehyde free, but also use nonvolatile, nontoxic aldehydes. Both glyoxal and glutaraldehyde were tried to substitute formaldehyde in tannin/furanic foams. The physical properties of these new foams are described and discussed. It was found that glutaraldehyde can totally substitute formaldehyde during tannin/furanic foam preparation, but that glyoxal cannot. The optimized proportion to prepare such new foams is tannin: glutaraldehyde = 30:4 by weight. Formaldehyde-free glutaraldehyde-containing foams are open-celled and present good compression resistance and high thermal insulation.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294584}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1573, title = { High surface - Highly N-doped carbons from hydrothermally treated tannin }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {66}, year = {2015}, pages = {282-290}, abstract = {

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NCMs) were obtained by amination of tannin by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). NCMs presented different morphologies depending on the amination method: (i) powders by HTC of tannin in a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution; (ii) gels without using any crosslinker by HTC in distilled water of tannin first dissolved in concentrated ammonia and then evaporated. Whatever the method, (i) or (ii), HTC was carried out at different temperatures: 180, 190, 200, 210 or 220 degrees C, with further pyrolysis at 900 degrees C under nitrogen. The morphology and chemical composition of the resultant materials were discussed. We compared our results with those reported in the open literature and we concluded that HTC of tannin in a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution allowed obtaining outstanding materials because they have both surface areas, higher than 500 m(2) g(-1), and high N content, around 8 wt.\%.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294754}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and P. FIOUX and A. CELZARD} } @article {1593, title = { Latest progresses in the preparation of tannin-based cellular solids }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PLASTICS }, volume = {51}, year = {2015}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {

Tannins are non toxic, cheap and abundant polyphenolic oligomers extracted from tree barks. They can be easily used for preparing thermoset resins that are natural at the 70-95\% level, depending on the cases. From these resins, highly porous monoliths can be obtained by different techniques such as classical physical or chemical foaming, mixed physical/chemical foaming, by less-conventional methods such as emulsion-templating and stabilisation and hardening of either aerated emulsions or liquid foams. The resultant materials are not only interesting per se, but are also key precursors of novel cellular carbons having a broad range of applications. The present paper briefly reviews the latest advances for producing tannin-based cellular materials and their related characteristics and properties.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294757}, author = {A. CELZARD and A. SZCZUREK and P. JANA and V. FIERRO and M.C. BASSO and S. BOURBIGOT and M. STAUBER and A. PIZZI} } @article {1548, title = { Natural albumin/tannin cellular foams }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, pages = {41-48}, abstract = {

Albumin/tannin-based foams were prepared under alkaline or acid conditions by whipping up a water solution of a protein, egg albumin, mixed with a second water solution of condensed flavonoid tannins. Foam formulations with 4 different condensed tannin bark extracts and different relative proportions of protein and tannin were developed with a rapid foaming process where the protein has a double function: co-reagent and surfactant as well. Physical properties such as mechanical performance, thermal conductivity, and porous structure were characterised to identify the large potential of applications of these new cellular foams, fully bio-based and probable easier biodegradability. Moreover, some albumin-based foams were found to be completely flexible in certain conditions.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294576}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1260, title = {Numerical modelling of 3D dowelled timber joints using advanced fully coupled hydro-mechanical constitutive equations }, journal = {Mechanics and Industry}, year = {2015}, author = {M. KHELIFA and A. KHENNANE and M. EL-GANAOUI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1571, title = { Pine (P. pinaster) and quebracho (S. lorentzii) tannin-based foams as green acoustic absorbers }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {70-73}, abstract = {

Open cells structure tannin-furanic foams prepared using two different types of tannins have been shown to give good sound absorption/acoustic insulation characteristics at medium and high frequencies (1000-4000 Hz) with coefficients of acoustic absorption of 0.85-0.97. Their acoustic absorption coefficient was lower 0.40-0.60 at lower frequencies (250-500 Hz). Compared with commercial foams, tannin-furanic foams have the same typical behavior of light porous materials. The more open-cell is the material the better is its sound absorption. Thicker samples absorb better at medium frequencies for all types of porous material tested.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294760}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and E.E. EBANG and N. GALLON and B. CHARRIER} } @article {1556, title = {Tannin-based monoliths from emulsion-templating}, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {79}, year = {2015}, pages = {115-126}, abstract = {

Highly porous monoliths prepared by emulsion-templating, frequently called polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) in the literature, were prepared from \"green\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; precursors such as Mimosa bark extract, sunflower oil and ethoxylated castor oil. Various oil fractions, ranging from 43 to 80 vol.\%, were used and shown to have a dramatic impact on the resultant porous structure. A critical oil fraction around 70 vol.\% was found to exist, close to the theoretical values of 64\% and 74\% for random and compact sphere packing, respectively, at which the properties of both emulsions and derived porous monoliths changed. Such change of behaviour was observed by many different techniques such as viscosity, electron microscopy, mercury intrusion, and mechanical studies. We show and explain why this critical oil fraction is the one leading to the strongest and most homogeneous porous monoliths.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294575}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and A.M. DE-YUSO and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1552, title = { Thermal conductivity improvement of composite carbon foams based on tannin-based disordered carbon matrix and graphite fillers}, journal = {MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {83}, year = {2015}, pages = {635-643}, abstract = {

Carbonaceous porous matrices were prepared from a tannin-based resin by physical foaming, having improved thermal properties by addition of various kinds and various amounts of graphite fillers. The resultant composite carbon foams presented much higher thermal conductivity, making them suitable for hosting phase-change materials with the aim of using them in seasonal storage applications. These materials were investigated in terms of porous structure, thermal and mechanical properties. It was shown that, unlike what was a priori expected, smaller particles were far more suitable for getting conductive, strong and porous matrices. The smaller were the particles, the better were the results. These findings were explained and justified, making such biomass-based composite carbon foams interesting and cheap candidates for thermal storage applications.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294582}, author = {P. JANA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1182, title = {Alkaline tannin rigid foams. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {182}, author = {M.C. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and M.C. LAGEL and A. CELZARD} } @article {1172, title = {Biomass-derived, thermally conducting, carbon foams for seasonal thermal storage. }, journal = {Biomass \& Bioenergy}, volume = {67}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {312}, author = {P. JANA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1168, title = {Chemical activation of tannin-based hydrogels by soaking in KOH and NaOH solutions. }, journal = {Microporous \& Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {196}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {8}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and G. AMARAL-LABAT and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1177, title = {Development and characterization of phenolic foams with phenol-formaldehyde-chestnut tannins resin.}, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {220}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and S. GIOVANDO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1165, title = {D{\'e}veloppement et caract{\'e}risation de mousses {\`a} base de tannin de quebracho.}, journal = {Mat{\'e}riaux \& Techniques}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. MARTINEZ-DE-YUSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO} } @article {1161, title = {Emulsion-templated porous carbon monoliths derived from tannins }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {74}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {352}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1262, title = {Finite element simulation of nanoindentation tests using a macroscopic computational model}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology}, volume = {28}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {3209}, author = {M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {693, title = {Flexible-Elastic copolymerized Polyurethane-tannin foams}, journal = {Journal of applied polymer science}, volume = {131}, year = {2014}, month = {2013}, author = {MC. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and N. PRETORIUS and L. DELMOTTE and A. CELZARD} } @article {704, title = {Kinetics of the hydrothermal treatment of tannin for producing carbonaceous microspheres}, journal = {Bioresource technology}, volume = {151}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {271-277}, author = {FL. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRE and MT. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1155, title = {A new method for preparing tannin-based foams.}, journal = {Industrial Crops \& Products}, volume = {54}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {40}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and M. STAUBER and A. CELZARD} } @article {695, title = {Numerical analysis of flexural strengthening of timber beams reinforced with CFRP strips}, journal = {Composite structures}, volume = {111}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {393-400}, author = {M. KHELIFA and A. CELZARD} } @article {1173, title = {Pinus pinaster tannin/furanic foams : Part 2: physical properties.}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, year = {2014}, author = {C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and M.P. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {703, title = {Pinus pinaster tannin/furanic foams: PART I. Formulation.}, journal = {Industrial crops and products.}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {450-456}, author = {C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and MP. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1184, title = {A SEM record of proteins-derived microcellular silicon carbide foams. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {230}, author = {A. PIZZI and C. ZOLLFRANK and X. LI and M. CANGEMI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1174, title = {Structure and properties of rigid foams derived from quebracho tannin.}, journal = {Materials \& Design }, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {A. MARTINEZ-DE-YUSO and M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1199, title = {Tannin-furanic-polyurethane foams for industrial continuous plant lines}, journal = {Polymers}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {2985}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and C. LACOSTE and L. DELMOTTE and F.A. AL-MARZOUKI and S. ABDALLA and A. CELZARD} } @article {1188, title = {Tortuosity studies of cellular vitreous carbon foams. }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {80}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {193}, author = {M. LETELLIER and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {654, title = {Acoustic properties of cellular vitreous carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {58}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {76-86}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and E. GOURDON and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {644, title = {Bioresourced pine tannin/furanic foams with glyoxal and glutaraldehyde}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {45}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {401-405}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and M.-P. LABORIE and D. GARCIA and A. CELZARD} } @article {679, title = {Carbon meringues derived from flavonoid tannins}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {65}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {214-237}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and M. STAUBER and A. CELZARD} } @article {639, title = {Condenstion reaction of flavonoid tannins with ammonia}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {330-335}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and W. RADKE and L. DELMOTTE and J. PARMENTIER} } @article {665, title = {Condenstion reaction of flavonoid tannins with ammonia}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {330-335}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and W. RADKE and L. DELMOTTE and J. PARMENTIER} } @article {685, title = {Dynamic Foaming Behaviour of Polyurethane vs. Tannin/Furanic Foams}, journal = {J.Renewable Mat.}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {273-274}, author = {MC. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {681, title = {Dynamic monitoring of tannin foams preparation: surfactant effects}, journal = {BioResources}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {5807-5816}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {689, title = {Hydrothermal treatment kinetics of tannins for producing catbonaceous microspheres}, journal = {Bioresource Techn.}, volume = {151}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {271-277}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {680, title = {Influence of formulation on the dynamics of preparation of tannin based foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {396-400}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {632, title = {Lightweight tannin foam/composites sandwich panels and the coldset tannin adhesive to assemble them}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {255-260}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and A. SAUGET and A. NICOLLIN and X. LI and A. CELZARD and H. PASCH and K. RODE} } @article {653, title = {Mayonnaise, whipped cream and meringue, a new carbon cuisine}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {58}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {238-251}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {651, title = {Mechanical properties of heat-treated organic foams}, journal = {Physical Reviews}, volume = {87}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and M. SAHIMI and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {669, title = {Multifunctional porous solids derived from tannins}, journal = {J.Physics: Conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {012023}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and W. ZHAO} } @article {635, title = {Nanotube-reinforced tannin/furanic rigid foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {X. LI and V.K. SRIVASTAVA and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and J.M. LEBAN} } @article {1152, title = {New families of carbon gels based on natural resources}, journal = {J. Physics: conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {01/2013}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and G. AMARAL and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {664, title = {Physical properties of tannin/furanic resin foamed by different blowing agents}, journal = {BioResources}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {743-752}, author = {X. LI and C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {633, title = {Pine tannin-based rigid foams: mechanical and thermal properties}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {C. LACOSTE and C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and M.-P. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {638, title = {Structure and oxidation resistance of microcellular Si-SiC foams derived from natural resins}, journal = {Ceramics International}, volume = {39}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1841-1851}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and C. ZOLLFRANK and A. ORTONA and S. PUSTERLA and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {647, title = {Systematic studies of tannin-formaldehyde aerogels: preparation and properties}, journal = {Sci.Techn.Adv.Materials}, volume = {14}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZCUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {670, title = {Tannin based xerogels with distinctive porous structure}, journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy}, volume = {56}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {437-445}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and L.I. GRISHECHKO and V. FIERRO and B.N. KUTZNETSOV and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {662, title = {Tannin/furanic foams without blowing agents and formaldehyde}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prods.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {17-22}, author = {M.C. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO} } @article {533, title = {"Blue-glue": A new precursor of carbon aerogels}, journal = { Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {158}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {272-280}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and E. MASSON and A. CELZARD} } @article {577, title = {Chemical modification of tannin/furanic rigid foams by isocyanates and polyurethanes}, journal = {Maderas}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {257-265}, author = {X. LI and M.C. BASSO and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1149, title = {Chemistry, morphology, microtomography and activation of natural and carbonized tannin foams for different applications. }, journal = {Macromolecular Symposia }, volume = {313-314}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {100}, author = {A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and G. TONDI} } @article {518, title = {Electromagnetic shielding efficiency in Ka-band: carbon foam versus epoxy/CNT composites}, journal = {J. Nanophotonics}, volume = {6}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, author = {P. KUZIR and G. PADUBSKAYA and M. SHUBA and S. MAKSIMENKO and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. PIZZI and J. MACUTKEVIC and J. BANYS and S. BISTARELLI and M. MASTRUCCI and F. MICCIULLA and I. SACCO and S. BELLUCCI} } @article {523, title = {Flexible natural tannin-based and protein-based biosourced foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {389-393}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and M. CANGEMI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {541, title = {Highly mesoporous organic aerogels derived from soy and tannin}, journal = {Green Chemistry}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {3099-3106}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and L. GRISHECHKO and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and B. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {521, title = {Impact of depressurizing rate on the porosity of aerogels}, journal = {Microporous \& Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {152}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {240-245}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and E. MASSON and A. CELZARD} } @article {520, title = {Insulation rigid and elastic foams based on albumin}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {149-154}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and M. CANGEMI and P. NAVARRETE and C. SEGOVIA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1150, title = {Modification of tannin based rigid foams using oligomers of a hyperbranched poly(amine-ester).}, journal = {J. Polymer research}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, author = {X. LI and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and K. RODE and D. LE NOUEN and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {535, title = {New tannin-lignin aerogels}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {347-355}, author = {L. GRISHECHKO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and V. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {634, title = {New tannin-lignin aerogels}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {347-355}, author = {L. GRISHECHKO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and V. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {1148, title = {Nitrogen-doped carbon materials produced from hydrothermally treated tannin.}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, chapter = {5411}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {550, title = {Nouveaux materiaux poreux multifunctionnels derives du bois}, journal = {Techniques de l{\textquoteright}Ingenieur}, volume = {11}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1-30}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI} } @article {539, title = {Oligomers distribution at the gel point of tannin-resorcinol-formaldehyde cold-set wood adhesives}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {78-88}, author = {A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and A. CELZARD and A. SZCZUREK} } @article {526, title = {Pore structure and electrochemical performances of tannin-based carbon cryogels}, journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy}, volume = {39}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {274-282}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and N. STEIN and C. BOULANGER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {522, title = {Tailoring the structure of cellular vitreous carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {2026-2036}, author = {X. LI and M.C. BASSO and F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} }