@article {1851, title = { Addition of cellulose nanofibers extracted from rice straw to urea formaldehyde resin; effect on the adhesive characteristics and medium density fiberboard properties }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {99}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

In this research cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were successfully extracted from rice straw through a chemomechanical method and then mixed with urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive for the production of medium density fiberboard (MDF). The industrial grade liquid urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin with formaldehyde: urea molar ratio of 1.15 was modified by adding 0.5, 1.5 and 2 wt \% of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) based on UF resin solids. The morphology, gel time, viscosity, and the non-volatile solid content of the modified UF adhesive were investigated. Formaldehyde emission and some mechanical properties modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond strength (IB)) of the resulting MDF panels were measured. Solids content and viscosity of the UF adhesive decreased while gel time increased by mixing CNF with the resin. The formaldehyde emission of the panels made with UF containing CNF was lower than that of the panels made from neat UF while MOR, MOE and IB values increased by increasing the CNF content in the panels.

}, author = {A. MOSLEMI and M.Z. KOOHI and T. BEHZAD and A. PIZZI} } @article {1889, title = { Biosourced heat resistant coatings by cross-linking of proteins with triethyl phosphate }, journal = { PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS }, volume = {138}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

The industrial application of proteins has been limited so far. While there are good possibilities to develop protein-based products like adhesives and coatings. The paper deals with using wheat protein hydrolysate, namely SOLPRO 508 and casein reacted with triethyl phosphate (TEP) for the preparation of high-temperature resistance coatings.

The Result of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization - Time Of Flight (MALDI-ToF) and Attenuated Total Reflectance- Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (ATR-FT MIR) spectroscopy confirmed that wheat protein and casein had the ability to react with triethyl phosphate. Moreover, the related coatings present outstanding adhesion and excellent solvent resistance.

}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1847, title = { Characterization and 3D printability of poly (lactic acid)/acetylated tannin composites }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {149}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) printing filament prepared from poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and acetylated tannin via a twin-screw extruder was reported. The impact of acetylated tannin loading content on the final properties of the resulting composite materials and their 3D printability were investigated. The experimental results indicate that PLA can be compounded with up to 20 wt\% acetylated tannin without any obvious deterioration in the tensile property. The resulting composites acquired better degradation rate in aquatic system compared with neat PLA, especially in alkaline medium. Moreover, all composites are printable and showed generally good printing quality with brown color, however, this is limited to temperatures reasonably below 220 degrees C to avoid printing defects, especially at high loadings of acetylated tannin.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02508080}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and A. PIZZI and S. HOPPE and X.J. ZHOU and G.B. DU} } @article {1871, title = { Characterization and Preparation of Furanic-Glyoxal Foams }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, pages = {692}, abstract = {

Synthetic foams have become an essential industrial product for a great variety of applications. Furfuryl alcohol, as a biomass chemical, was reacted with glyoxal at room temperature to prepare furanic-glyoxal rigid foams, and p-toluenesulfonic acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Foams with different molar ratios (furfuryl alcohol/glyoxal) were prepared in this work, and uniform cells foams have been obtained. Their compression resistance, 24-h water absorption, density, and other basic properties were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the cellular morphology of the foams prepared, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) helped to understand their thermal and combustion properties, and FTIR and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectroscopy to explain the structure of the resulting foams to clarify the reactions occurring during foaming. The results show that the compression resistance of furanic-glyoxal foams declined as the furfuryl alcohol/glyoxal ratio decreases also. SEM observations revealed that foams with open-cell were obtained when furfuryl alcohol was added in greater amounts, and more closed cell structures were formed as the proportion of glyoxal increased. TGA results showed that the initial ignition temperature of furanic-glyoxal foams is similar to 200 degrees C higher than that of wood, and the smaller comprehensive combustion index S (about 0.15 x 10(-7) (\%2 K-3 min(-2))) indicates that the foam burns slowly and has poor flammability, that is, it is not easy to burn.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and H. LEI and G.B. DU and X.J. ZHOU and Y.Y. LIN} } @article {1861, title = { Condensed tannin-glucose-based NIPU bio-foams of improved fire retardancy }, journal = { POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY }, volume = {175}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Glucose-based self-blowing non-isocyanate polyurethanes foams were prepared in our previous work. They showed excellent properties comparable to commercial foams by just using a simple preparation procedure. These foams, nevertheless, present a critical drawback that is their flammability. In the research presented here a natural phenolic compound, condensed tannin, was tested as a flame-retardant to improve the fire resistance of glucose-based NIPU foams. A number of tannin-substituted glucose-based NIPU foams (mimosa tannin replacing glucose at 0\%, 25\% and 50\%, respectively) were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), ignition experiment and limiting oxygen index (LOI). Other physical and mechanical properties, such as foaming processes, density, compression strength, etc. were also investigated. The results indicated that the tannin-modified glucose-based NIPU foams (T/G (1/3)-Fs and (T/G (1/1)-Fs)) exhibit smaller mean cell size, improved compression strength and higher density than (T/G (0/4)-Fs). The FT-IR analysis showed that urethane linkages were formed, the chemical structure of glucose-based NIPU foam being nonetheless preserved even if the glucose was partially replaced by the condensed tannin. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of condensed tannin decreased the thermal stability of the tannin-glucose NIPU foam composites slightly. In addition, ignition experiments were also carried out in which the glucose-based NIPU foams with a condensed tannin showed longer burning time than neat (T/G (0/4)-Fs). Finally, limiting oxygen index (LOI) values from 17.5\% to 25.5\%, show a higher value with the increasing condensed tannin substitution.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and J.X. LI and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and X.J. ZHOU and E. FREDON and G.B. DU and C. GERARDIN} } @article {1860, title = { Direct reuse at industrial level of ion-exchange resin regeneration wastewater in MDF manufacturing }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {78}, year = {2020}, pages = {523-531}, abstract = {

Industrial wastewater is currently a big challenge for authorities due to its environmental issues when disposed to the ecosystem. From an economic perspective and long treatment time, it is yet more reasonable to recover and reuse wastewater in industries. In this work, the wastewater from an ion exchange resin regeneration process was directly and without any further treatment reused in the wood industry for manufacturing medium density fiberboards (MDF). Comparing with the disposal criteria of international standards, the reused wastewater exhibited much higher electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solid, total suspension solid, and inorganic salt content than the permissible limits; therefore, it is categorized as hazardous material. The highly saline wastewater was added during and after synthesizing of the urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin but before mixing with the wood fibers. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses of the UF resin samples, respectively, demonstrated the high stability of the chemical structure and higher strength against decomposition for the UF resins after being treated with the wastewater. The physico-mechanical properties of MDFs prepared by reused wastewater were significantly improved whilst the formaldehyde emission of the boards was noticeably reduced (~ 17\%) to the benefit of the environment.

}, author = {M.V. KIAMAHALLEH and M.K. DAZMIRI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1864, title = { Effects of Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf cutting modes on bonding performance of its protein-based adhesives }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {78}, year = {2020}, pages = {461-470}, abstract = {

Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf protein was used as a biomass feedstock to prepare wood adhesives, and the influence of cutting modes (cutting frequencies and cutting heights) on leaf protein content and reactivity was studied in this paper. Bonding performance of Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf protein-based adhesives were evaluated by shear strength of plywood. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze them. The results indicated that: (1) the leaf protein content gradually increased as the cutting height increased, but it presented a decreasing trend as the cutting frequency increased. When the cutting frequency is two times per year and the cutting height is 30 cm, this leaf protein-based adhesive exhibited the best bonding strength with 0.75 MPa. (2) Cutting frequency and cutting height have no significant correlations to the reactivity of leaf protein with the crosslinker. (3) DSC and FTIR indicated that both leaf protein content and reactivity appeared to exert an influence on the bonding properties of the protein adhesives, and the latter is more pronounced. (4) TG and SEM analyses indicated that under different cutting modes, leaf protein content, especially protein reactivity, had a great effect on the thermal properties of the adhesives. (5) Contact angle analysis showed that Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf protein-based adhesives had good wettability on wood surfaces. Under different cutting modes with the difference of leaf protein content and reactivity, the crosslinking degree of the adhesives with crosslinker and compactness of the cured adhesives were different and thus affect their bonding strength and water resistance.

}, author = {Z.G. WU and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and Y.F. XIA and Q.X. ZHAO and H. LEI and J.K. LIANG} } @article {1882, title = { Ionic liquid-modified lignin as a bio-coupling agent for natural fiber-recycled polypropylene composites }, journal = { COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING }, volume = {181}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

In this study, the influence of ionic liquid-treated lignin as a bio coupling agent on the various properties of bagasse fiber-recycled polypropylene composites was investigated. For this purpose, extracted lignin from Bagasse Soda black liquor was modified with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim] [OAc]) ionic liquid and then different ratios of unmodified and modified lignin (0, 1, 3 and 5 wt\%) were added to the bagasse fiber/recycled polypropylene mixture. The composites were then manufactured by injection molding after mixing mechanically of the bagasse fiber, virgin or modified lignin and recycled polypropylene. Structural and thermal properties of lignin after modification by ionic liquid along with physical (water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical (flexural modulus, flexural strength, tensile strength and impact strength) properties of the manufactured composites were measured according to ASTM standard methods. The FTIR analysis indicated lignin rearrangements showing that some bonds changed or formed after its modification with IL. The DSC analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (T-g) of lignin decreased from 92 degrees C to 80 degrees C by increasing the weight ratio of ionic liquid to lignin from 20 to 30 wt\%. The panel testing results indicated that all physical and mechanical properties of the composites were continuously improved by increasing the lignin content from 1 to 5 wt\%. Thus, the composites with IL-treated lignin presented higher dimensional stability and mechanical strength compared to those prepared with unmodified lignin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that treatment with ionic liquid improves the uniform dispersion of lignin in the polymer matrix.

}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1890, title = { Macro porous tannin spray-dried powder scaffolds with stem cells for bone engineering }, journal = { MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS }, volume = {239}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Skeletal defects resulting from trauma and disease represent a major clinical problem worldwide, exacerbated further by global population growth and increasing number of elderly people. As treatment options are limited, bone tissue engineering opens the possibility to grow unlimited amount of tissue products with enhanced therapeutic potential for the management of clinical cases characterized by severe bone loss. Bone engineering relies on the use of compliant biomaterial scaffolds, osteocompetent cells, and biologically active agents. In this pinion paper, we drive the attention to a new application of a natural material: Tannin. Among others materials, porous tannin spray-dried powder (PTSDs) has approved to human use. We can use PTSDs as reconstructive materials with low cost, biocompatibility and potential ability to be replaced by bone in vivo. In this study macro PTSDS scaffolds with defined geometry, porosity and mechanical properties could be manufactured using a combination of casting technology and porogen leaching, by mixing PTSDs and hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2 with polyethylene glycol macro particles. The expected results show that the scaffolds developed could support attachment, long-term viability and osteogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors. The combination of select macro porous PTSDs scaffolds with patient-specific osteocompetent cells offers new opportunities to grow autologous bone grafts with enhanced clinical potential for complex skeletal reconstructions.

}, author = {S. ABDALLA and A. PIZZI and F.S. BAHABRI} } @article {1886, title = { No-Aldehydes Glucose/Sucrose-Triacetin-Diamine Wood Adhesives for Particleboard }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, pages = {715-725}, abstract = {

A three reagents adhesive system for wood particleboards not containing any aldehyde was developed by the reaction of glucose or sucrose with triacetin (glycerin triacetate) and with hexamethylene diamine. The system was found to be based on the mix of three reactions, namely the reaction of (i) glucose with triacetin, (ii) of the diamine with triacetin, and (iii) of glucose with the diamine. The chemical species formed were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. Wood particleboard panels were prepared with this adhesive system and gave good internal bond (IB) strength results suitable for interior grade panels and with extremely low formaldehyde emission.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1850, title = { One-step compatibilization of poly(lactic acid) and tannin via reactive extrusion }, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {191}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

The compatibility issue between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and tannin is a big challenge for preparing PLA/tannin biocomposites with enhanced properties. In this work, composites with enhanced properties have been accomplished using an efficient one-step reactive extrusion method with the help of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (p-MDI) or 3-aminopropytriethoxysilane (APS). The extent of compatibility achieved via the one-step was evaluated by tensile, morphological, rheological, and thermal properties. The obtained results indicated that the adhesion promoters, especially p-MDI, contributed efficiently to an improved tensile behavior of the resulting composites with a tough tensile-fracture surface compared with incompatibilized PLA/tannin composite. Moreover, these composites displayed a plateau-like rheological behavior, enhanced complex viscosity, higher melting and thermal degradation temperature. This approach can be potentially adapted to other PLA/biopolymers composite systems.

}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-02495239/}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and S. HOPPE and G. DU and X.J. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1885, title = { Oxidized demethylated lignin as a bio-based adhesive for wood bonding }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Lignin was successfully modified to prepare a bio-based wood adhesive by just two synthesis steps: demethylation and periodate oxidation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) were combined to characterize the bio-based adhesives obtained. Furthermore, the adhesion performance of the bio-based lignin adhesive was measured by testing the tensile shear strength of the bonded joints. The results show that demethylated lignin gives to the wood joint acceptable dry shear strength, but no wet shear strength. Thus, sodium peroxide (NaIO4) oxidant was used to improve the bonding performance of lignin-based adhesives. The optimal formulation for oxidized demethylated lignin adhesives was found to be by 20\% addition of NaIO4. The adhesive presented is a lignin-derived non- aldehyde addition, high biomass content, and its preparation is convenient, low-cost product and can be applied to wood bonding.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and E. FREDON and G.B. DU and C. GERARDIN and S. AMIROU} } @article {1853, title = { Oxidized polyethylene as a new alternative coupling agent for the fiberboards made from UF resin }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {96}, year = {2020}, pages = {665-678}, abstract = {

The aim of this research was to improve the bonding of bagasse fiber panels with urea formaldehyde (UF) resins by incorporating oxidized polyethylene (OPE) as a new coupling agent. To reduce the panels formaldehyde emission and to improve their water resistance was an additional aim of this work. Thus, different proportions of OPE (5, 10 and 15\%) were added during the UF resin preparation instead to the second urea. The resins were then used in the production of UF-bonded bagasse fiber panels. The physicochemical, structural and thermal properties of the resins as well as water absorption, flexural properties, internal bond strength (IB) and formaldehyde emission of the panels bonded with them were measured according to standard methods. According to the FTIR spectra, the absorbance related to C = C and C = O bonds increased due to the addition of OPE to the UF resin. DSC analysis indicated that in comparison to UF resin, the curing process of UF resin containing OPE occurred at a lower temperature. The gel time shortened and the viscosity increased by the addition of OPE to the UF resin. The panels containing OPE yielded higher IB, flexural modulus and strength compared to those made from pure UF resins. The panels bonded with modified UF resins also showed lower formaldehyde emission and water absorption. Based on finding of this work, the panels containing 15\% OPE emitted less formaldehyde, had higher mechanical strength and better dimensional stability than other percentages OPE-modified UF adhesives.

}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1865, title = { Preparation and Characterization of Condensed Tannin Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Rigid Foams by Ambient Temperature Blowing }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Ambient temperature self-blowing mimosa tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) rigid foam was produced, based on a formulation of tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resin. A citric acid and glutaraldehyde mixture served as a blowing agent used to provide foaming energy and cross-link the tannin-derived products to synthesize the NIPU foams. Series of tannin-based NIPU foams containing a different amount of citric acid and glutaraldehyde were prepared. The reaction mechanism of tannin-based NIPU foams were investigated by Fourier Trasform InfraRed (FT-IR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR). The results indicated that urethane linkages were formed. The Tannin-based NIPU foams morphology including physical and mechanical properties were characterized by mechanical compression, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All the foams prepared showed a similar open-cell morphology. Nevertheless, the number of cell-wall pores decreased with increasing additions of glutaraldehyde, while bigger foam cells were obtained with increasing additions of citric acid. The compressive mechanical properties improved with the higher level of crosslinking at the higher amount of glutaraldehyde. Moreover, the TGA results showed that the tannin-based NIPU foams prepared had similar thermal stability, although one of them (T-Fs-7) presented the highest char production and residual matter, approaching 18.7\% at 790 degrees C.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and E. FREDON and X.J. ZHOU and J.X. LI and C. GERARDIN and G.B. DU} } @article {1868, title = { Tannin plywood bioadhesives with non-volatile aldehydes generation by specific oxidation of mono- and disaccharides }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {98}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Sodium periodate has been shown to cleave glucose by specific oxidation to yield a number of non-volatile aldehydes which can react with the phenolic compounds in tannin extract and lead to tannin cross-linking and hardening. This approach to prepare a tannin resin useable for wood adhesives can be used by either treating with periodate a mixture of tannin and glucose, or to treat glucose beforehand with periodate to cleave it and generate the aldehydes, and only afterwards to mix it with the tannin. The results obtained with these two methods are identical, but the latter method avoids oxidation of tannin. The aldehydes were generated either by direct cleavage of glucose C-C bonds carrying vicinal oriented hydroxyls, or by recombination of the aldehydes so formed by aldol condensation or by water elimination between two aldehyde groups. MALDI ToF analysis indicated that all the three types of aldehydes appeared to react with the polyphenols in the tannin. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and plywood bonded with the tannin + glucose + periodate mixes gave good bonding results, with dry, 24 h cold water soaking and 3 h at 63 degrees C shear strength values improving concomitantly to the proportion of periodate used for the oxidation step.

}, author = {X. XI and A. PIZZI and C.R. FRIHART and L. LORENZ and C. GERARDIN} } @article {1857, title = { Wood Composites and Their Polymer Binders }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, pages = {1115}, abstract = {

This review presents first, rather succinctly, what are the important points to look out for when preparing good wood composites, the main types of wood composites manufactured industrially, and the mainly oil-derived wood composite adhesives and binders that dominate and have been dominating this industry. Also briefly described are the most characteristic biosourced, renewable-derived adhesives that are actively researched as substitutes. For all these adhesives, synthetic and biosourced, the reviews expose the considerable progresses which have occurred relatively recently, with a host of new approaches and ideas having been proposed and tested, some even implemented, but with even many more already appearing on the horizon.

}, author = {A. PIZZI and A.N. PAPADOPOULOS and F. POLICARDI} } @article {1812, title = { African tree bark exudate extracts as biohardeners of fully biosourced thermoset tannin adhesives for wood panels }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {132}, year = {2019}, pages = {253-268}, abstract = {

A totally \"bio\" hardener derived from the exudate extract of the African trees Vachellia nilotica and Senegalia senegal was investigated. It hardened a maritime pine tannin resin without any obvious presence of an aldehyde thus obtaining a completely \"bio\" adhesive for wood panels. MALDI-ToF and CP MAS C-13 NMR analysis indicated that the hardeners cross-linking species was 2,5-dihydroxymethyl furan linked onto carbohydrate chains. The hydroxymethyl furan moieties reacted both after detachment from the carbohydrate chains but also with carbohydrate chains still attached. The carbohydrates too were then involved as part of the binder. The gel times were slower than what was obtainable with paraformaldehyde but sufficiently fast to possibly be of industrial significance.

}, author = {B. NDIWE and A. PIZZI and B. TIBI and R. DANWE and N. KONAI and S. AMIROU} } @article {1799, title = { Determination of phenolic compounds by MALDI-TOF and essential oil composition by GC-MS during three development stages of Origanum majorana L. }, journal = { BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY }, volume = {33}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the maturation process of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) on essential oil composition, the phenolic profile of ethanolic extract and their antioxidant capacities. The essential oil composition was studied at three stages of maturity by GC-MS. Thirty compounds were detected representing 100\% of the total essential oil. p-Menth-1-en-4-ol was the major compound (37.15-76.94\%) followed by cyclohexanol-3,3,5 trimethyl (5.41-15.99\%) and alpha-terpineol (0.94-11.34\%). During the maturation process, an accumulation of oxygenated monoterpenes was observed. The phenolic composition was studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight. The analysis showed the presence of short flavonoid monomers at all stages of maturation. The antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extracts and essential oils was evaluated using the DPPH assay, iron chelating power and reducing power assay. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were found at flowering stage. These findings on essential oil composition, phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of O. majorana at three different stages of development provide more information on how these secondary metabolites are accumulated.

}, author = {A. KHADHRI and I. BOUALI and C. AOUADHI and M.C. LAGEL and E. MASSON and A. PIZZI} } @article {1842, title = { Dynamically Cross-Linked Tannin as a Reinforcement of Polypropylene and UV Protection Properties }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Tannins were used as reinforcing components for polypropylene with anti-UV properties via dynamic curing extrusion. The influence of cross-linked tannins in different weight fraction and their anti-UV capacity on morphological, mechanical, rheological, crystallize and thermal properties were studied. The experimental results indicated that the cross-linked tannins improve Young\&$\#$39;s modulus, crystallinity, and thermal stability and reinforce the internal network of polypropylene. After UV accelerated weathering, polypropylene had fewer surface cracks, lower carbonyl index, fewer crystallinity decreases and less mechanical properties loss with increasing tannin content.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01977584}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and A. PIZZI and S. HOPPE} } @article {1819, title = { Effect of different acids during the synthesis of urea-formaldehyde adhesives and the mechanical properties of medium-density fiberboards bonded with them }, journal = { JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE }, volume = {136}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The characteristics of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives condensed by catalysis with four different acids, namely formic (HCOOH), hydrochloric (HCl), phosphoric (H3PO4), and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, under alkaline-acidic-alkaline conditions at a molar ratio F/U = 1.12 were studied. The thermal curing properties of UF adhesives catalyzed with acid were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry at 10 degrees C/min heating rate. The resin structure examined by C-13-NMR spectroscopy showed that the resin catalyzed with HCl had a lower proportion of methylol groups, resulting in a lower level of formaldehyde emission. It was interesting to note that HCOOH resulted in the best overall mechanical properties of the medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels. The HCl catalyst resulted in the poorest performance, providing the lowest internal bond strength, modulus of elasticity, and thickness swelling, with the exception of the free formaldehyde content. The resin catalyzed with H2SO4 had the highest free formaldehyde and the highest formaldehyde emission. H2SO4 and H3PO4 resulted in MDF mechanical properties relatively lower than for HCOOH.

}, author = {A. DORIEH and N.O. MAHMOODI and M. MAMAGHANI and A. PIZZI and M.M. ZEYDI} } @article {1783, title = { Effect of polymeric diisocyanate addition on bonding performance of a demethylated-pyrolysis-oil-based adhesive }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, pages = {1311-1337}, abstract = {

After demethylation, eucalyptus pyrolysis oil has higher reactivity with formaldehyde in alkaline media than the raw oil. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of adding polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) on a demethylated oil-based adhesive. Chemical composition of pyrolysis oil was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Before and after demethylation, the eucalyptus pyrolysis oil was analyzed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C-13 NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Demethylated oil-based adhesive was analyzed by MALDI-TOF. Plywood panels were produced with adhesives supplemented with 0, 4, 8, 16 and 20\% PMDI and an extra treatment applying a reference phenolic adhesive. The experiment encompassed six treatments with four replicates, totaling 24 panels. As demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, the demethylation reaction was effective in removing methyl groups from the methoxyls of syringol and derivatives, turning them, respectively, into pyrogallol and its derivatives. PMDI was effective as a cross-linking agent, enhancing the mechanical performance of the original demethylated-pyrolysis-oil adhesive. In dry condition and after boiling test, plywood manufactured with formulations adding 16 and 20\% PMDI had shear strengths statistically equal to panels bonded with the reference phenolic adhesive.

}, author = {A.S. PIMENTA and R. TRIANOSKI and A. PIZZI and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and E.C. DE-SOUZA and T.V.D. MONTEIRO and M. FASCIOTTI and R.V.O. CASTRO} } @article {1781, title = { Effect of the initial F/U molar ratio in urea-formaldehyde resins synthesis and its influence on the performance of medium density fiberboard bonded with them }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {95}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The formaldehyde to urea molar ratio (F/U) plays an important role on the properties of urea formaldehyde (UF) resins and of the medium density fiber board (MDFs) bonded with them. This work presents a hypothesis that besides the final F/U molar ratio in UF resin preparation, the initial F/U affects both the formaldehyde emission levels and the physico-mechanical properties of the boards. Three initial molar ratios F/U of 1.9, 2.1 and 2.3 in resin synthesis have been examined in this work. The structural changes and thermal curing behavior of UF resins were tracked by C-13 NMR and DSC, respectively. At parity of final F/U molar ratio, the resin with initial F/U = 2.1 yielded the highest proportion of linear methylol groups, resulted in the best internal bond strength and lowest thickness swelling of the board. A resin synthesized with the initial F/U = 1.9 provided the highest proportion of total methylene linkages, most methylene ether linkage and lowest free formaldehyde, consistently yielding the lowest formaldehyde emission. These results partially explained why UF resins with lower F/U molar ratios showed relatively poor adhesion when used to manufacture wood-based composites. MDFs bonded with a UF resin having the initial F/U = 2.3 had a relatively good performance with the exception of free formaldehyde, but also showed the best storage stability compared to the other resins having lower initial F/U molar ratios.

}, author = {M.K. DAZMIRI and M.V. KIAMAHALLEH and A. DORIEH and A. PIZZI} } @article {1840, title = {Glucose-Biobased Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Rigid Foams}, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {301-312}, abstract = {

Glucose-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) were prepared by reaction of glucose with dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine. These were used to prepare partially biobased polyurethane foams by reaction with NaHCO3 as a blowing agent and addition of a silane coupling agent having different functions such as coreactant and adjuvant to obtain more uniform and smaller cells. The foams were foamed and hardened by applying heat. The foams presented very limited fire resistance indicating that as for synthetic polyurethane foams the eventual use of a fire retardant appears to be necessary. The 2 hours water absorption was used to indicate if close cells or open cells occur. More characteristic is their stress strain behaviour. While compression does indeed flatten the cell walls nonetheless the cellular structure is maintained and the cell walls have not been destroyed. This indicates a certain level of elasticity in the cell walls of formulations containing NaHCO3. In effect the macro-appearance of this foams, confirms this explanation as the foam is densified and holds together.

}, url = {http://tsp.techscience.com//uploads/attached/file/20190325/20190325065121_13446.pdf}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and C. GERARDIN and G.B. DU} } @article {1808, title = { Glutaraldehyde-wheat gluten protein adhesives for wood bonding }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Wheat gluten protein hydrolysate was used as a biomass feedstock to prepare environmentally friendly protein-based adhesives, with hydrolyzed wheat protein as control. Glutaraldehyde was used to modify it to obtain a glutaraldehyde-wheat protein (GP) adhesive. Polyethylenimine (PEI) was also used as a crosslinking agent. Plywood has been prepared and tested, and its performance was used to measure the wheat gluten protein hydrolysate adhesive bonding performance. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) were used to analyze the adhesive thermal properties and the microstructures of the cured adhesives by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that modification by glutaraldehyde can effectively improve the bonding performance of wheat protein adhesives, the plywood bonded strength having been improved by its addition. The effect of PEI as a crosslinking agent became evident. It can greatly improve the bonding properties of glutaraldehyde-modified wheat protein adhesives. TMA analysis indicates that the glutaraldehyde-modified GP adhesive has a higher storage modulus than the unmodified one. The modulus of the adhesive increased after adding the PEI cross-linking agent.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and C. GERARDIN and J.J. LIAO and S. AMIROU and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1779, title = {Green extraction process of tannins obtained from Moroccan Acacia mollissima barks by microwave: Modeling and optimization of the process using the response surface methodology RSM}, journal = { ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY }, volume = {12}, year = {2019}, pages = {2668-2684}, abstract = {

The effect of extraction conditions on polyphenols contents and condensed tannins by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was studied for the first time to our knowledge. Moroccan barks of Acacia mollissima was used to extract phenolic compounds. The variables studied are the following: power extraction, time extraction and solvent nature. Five powers extraction were tested: 150 W, 250 W, 300 W, 450 W and 600 W. A significant effect of power extraction on the extractable nature was proved by ANOVA and Student test. The yields were also affected by time extraction. Different solvent (water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate) were tested to evaluate the best extraction solvent according to the extractable nature. Highest polyphenols contents were obtained with methanol. The proportion of this solvent, time extraction and power extraction were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered composite design (FCCD) was applied to evaluate the effects of these variables on the polyphenols and condensed tannins contents. For each experiment, the extraction yield, the total polyphenolic contents and the condensed tannins contents were quantified using colorimetric essays. The extracts were characterized by their reactivity to formaldehyde and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest polyphenols content was obtained at 156 W using 80\% of methanol during 5 min. For condensed tannins, the highest content of cyanidin was obtained at 182 W using 20\% of methanol during 3.66 min. RSM applied in MAE, permitted to develop green extraction process of polyphenols and tannins extracted, using lower microwave power and methanol proportion with a shortest time extraction and in the same time improve the quantity of extractables obtained from renewable natural resource.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01597950}, author = {N. RHAZI and H. HANNACHE and M. OUMAM and A. SESBOU and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1801, title = { Investigations of mechanical properties and chemical changes occurring during welding of thermally modified ash wood }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {34}, year = {2019}, pages = {13-24}, abstract = {

Heat treatment of wood appears as an ecological and environmentally friendly alternative in the field of wood treatment. Generally, thermal modification increase dimensional stability by reduces of hygroscopicity and water absorption but it makes it difficult to bonding in some application. During welding, changes in the morphological, chemical, and physical properties of the wood cell wall are observed due to the compression and high temperatures produced by welding. Also, the degradation of cell wall in the wood causes some mechanical properties are reduced. This modification appears without any effect on the linear welding of thermal-ash wood. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used for evaluation of properties of wood-welding systems and their interactions. The mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was used to identifying the organic degradation products emitted during welding of thermo-ash. The results of experiments show that the use of friction welding for the bonding of thermal ash wood in dry conditions was possible, and we had good results. The best combination was with a welding time of 3.5 s devised to 0.5 s and 3 s and welding pressure 2.5 and 4 MPa, respectively. The result obtained is comparable to the result obtained with EPI adhesives. Welding time greater than 3.5 MPa negatively affects the welding quality and gives low the mechanical strength.

}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1826, title = { New insight into the use of latent catalysts for the synthesis of urea formaldehyde adhesives and the mechanical properties of medium density fiberboards bonded with them }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {112}, year = {2019}, pages = {195-205}, abstract = {

Recently, there has been a rapid growth in research and innovation in the synthesis of UF resins in the wood based composites area. Much effort has gone into increasing their mechanical performance to extend the capabilities and application of this group of materials. This paper, for the first time, defines the research on the use of ammonium salts not as hardeners but in the synthesis of OF resins. The objective of this study was to investigated the effects of various types of catalysts (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) during UF resins synthesis on formaldehyde emission and characteristics of urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for the manufacture of medium density fiberboard. These were investigated by C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and as a result some of the physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels bonded with different OF resins were evaluated. The resins structure examined by C-13 NMR spectroscopy showed that a resin catalyzed by (NH4)(2)SO4 had a higher proportion of hydroxymethyl groups (mostly -HN-CH2OH) resulting in a higher level of formaldehyde emission. A resin catalyzed by NH4Cl gave the highest proportion of methylene groups. A resin catalyzed by H2SO4 yielded the highest proportion of methylene groups in di- or tri-substituted ureas but the lowest proportion of mono-substituted urea. It was of interest that (NH4)(2)SO4 catalyzed UF adhesive yielded the best overall mechanical properties for the medium density fiber board (MDF) bonded with it. Conversely, it also presented the shortest shelf life and gelled in about 15 days, which could be related to its high reactivity and shortest gel time. Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) panels bonded with UF adhesives without any ammonium salt (thus with either H2SO4 or HCl) had lower IB strength, MOR and MOE. The HCl catalyst was considered to be chemically least active, yielding the lowest cohesive energy, and resulted in panels presenting a poor performance as shown by their lowest IB (internal bond) strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) and highest thickness swelling, with the exception of the free formaldehyde content.

}, author = {A. DORIEH and N.O. MAHMOODI and M. MAMAGHANI and A. PIZZI and M.M. ZEYDI and A. MOSLEMI} } @article {1825, title = { Non-isocyanate polyurethane adhesive from sucrose used for particleboard }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, pages = {393-405}, abstract = {

Sucrose-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (S-NIPU) were synthesized by the already codified reaction of sucrose, dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine and used for the first time as adhesives for bonding particleboard. To decrease the NIPU adhesive curing temperature, a silane coupling agent was used as a crosslinking promoter. The performance of particleboards prepared at a press temperature of 230 degrees C, 200 degrees C and 180 degrees C and a press time of 8 min, 10 min and 12 min was tested and evaluated. The structure of the oligomers obtained was detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Thermomechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were also used to analyze their behavior. The particleboards bonded with the S-NIPU adhesive at 230 degrees C showed excellent properties, which, however, decreased as the press time was reduced. The silane coupling agent used as a crosslinking promoter significantly reduced the curing temperature of the adhesive and allowed to obtain good bonding at a lower press temperature. The results obtained confirmed that coupling the S-NIPU adhesive with a silane used as a crosslinking promoter can yield sufficiently improved results to function as a suitable adhesive for particleboard, medium density fiberboard and other types of particulate wood panels. It was also the first time that a NIPU adhesive was used for wood bonding.

}, author = {X.D. XI and Z.G. WU and A. PIZZI and C. GERARDIN and H. LEI and B.G. ZHANG and G.B. DU} } @article {1787, title = { Particleboard bonded with bio-hardeners of tannin adhesives }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {77}, year = {2019}, pages = {1221-1223}, abstract = {

A totally bio hardener acting with an unusual and new hardening mechanism derived from the exudate extract of the African trees Vachellia nilotica and Senegalia senegal was used to harden a maritime pine tannin resin without any aldehyde obtaining a completely bio adhesive for interior particleboard. For a density and pH given, the internal bond (IB) values increased simultaneously with the rate of bio-hardener. The optimal dry IB values (0.63 MPa) were obtained with 15\% of bio-hardener solids. The low IB value (0.38 MPa) was obtained with 6\% of bio-hardener solids. The IB of panels manufactured with UF as hardener are slightly higher than those using the above bio-hardeners.

}, author = {B. NDIWE and A. PIZZI and R. DANWE and B. TIBI and N. KONAI and S. AMIROU} } @article {1820, title = { PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUED-LAMINATED LUMBER FROM FAST-GROWING TREE SPECIES USING MAHOGANY TANNIN ADHESIVE }, journal = { WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE }, volume = {51}, year = {2019}, pages = {132-143}, abstract = {

Tannin from mahogany bark extract contains polyphenols that could be used in adhesives. In this study, tannin (T) was reacted with resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) at a ratio of 100:3:5 (w/w/w) under alkaline conditions to make an adhesive. The physical-chemical properties of tannin and TRF adhesive were assessed. Three-layer glued-laminated lumber (glulam) made with wood from jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), pine (Pious merkusii), and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) was bonded using TRF with a glue spread of 280 g/m(2), cold pressed at 1.47 MPa for 4 h, and then clamped for 24 h. Glulam physical-mechanical properties were tested based on Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) 234-2007. Comparison of the physical properties of mahogany tannin and TRF showed that the solids content of mahogany tannin increased after becoming TRF. Compared with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) resins, TRF had a similar appearance and specific gravity, but differed in solids content, viscosity, and gel time. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time of flight mass (TOF) spectra revealed that mahogany tannin could be classified as hydrolyzable, and pyrolysis Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) showed that the phenolic content was 8.87\%. Copolymerization in TRF was indicated by a shift in wave number in Fourier transform IR, reduced percentage of the phenolic component, and increased pH and melting temperature. Mahogany tannin could be prepared for cold-set TRF glulam adhesive, and all glulams fulfilled JAS 234-2007 with regard to MC and MOR. Although TRF adhesive contained a small amount of resorcinol, it was suitable for low density wood, and in dry condition performed equal to PRF.

}, author = {A.S.R.D. LESTARI and Y.S. HADI and D. HERMAWAN and A. SANTOSO and A. PIZZI} } @article {1805, title = { Polypropylene Blend with Polyphenols through Dynamic Vulcanization: Mechanical, Rheological, Crystalline, Thermal, and UV Protective Property }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Tannin and lignin were blended with polypropylene (PP) through dynamic vulcanization technique. Their influence of mechanical property, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as ultraviolet (UV) protection property on the PP matrix was investigated and compared with native tannin and lignin. According to our experimental results, tannin and lignin undergo dynamic vulcanization and were more compatible with the PP matrix. Besides, tannin and vulcanized tannin can perform as nucleating agents of PP because of their relatively small particle size. Moreover, vulcanized tannin/lignin have a better performance on the thermal stability of PP compared with native tannin/lignin, especially PP/vulcanized lignin blend. Furthermore, vulcanized tannin/lignin present better UV protective performance, concluded from fewer changes on surface morphology, carbonyl index, crystallinity, viscosity, and tensile property.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02196798}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and A. PIZZI and S. HOPPE and X.D. XI and X.J. ZHOU} } @article {1785, title = { Preparation and Evaluation of Glucose Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Self-Blowing Rigid Foams }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

A partially biobased self-blowing and self-hardening polyurethane foam from glucose-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (g-NIPU) was prepared by reaction of glucose with dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine. However, these foam types generally require a high foaming temperature. In this paper, a self-blowing foam based on g-NIPU was prepared at room temperature by using maleic acid as an initiator and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Water absorption, compression resistance, and fire resistance were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the foam cells structure. Middle infrared (ATR FT-MIR) and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry were used to help to analyze the reactions during the foaming process. The results obtained showed that self- blowing rigid foams have good compression, this being directly proportional to the foam density. Increasing the amount of glutaraldehyde or reducing maleic acid thickens the cell walls and increases the density of the foams. MALDI-TOF analysis showed that g-NIPU reacts with both maleic acid and glutaraldehyde. The foams presented poor fire resistance indicating that, as for isocyanate based polyurethane foams, addition of a fire retardant would be necessary.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and C. GERARDIN and H. LEI and X.Y. CHEN and S. AMIROU} } @article {1797, title = { Reactions of Soy Flour and Soy Protein by Non-Volatile Aldehydes Generation by Specific Oxidation }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Soy protein isolate (SPI) and insoluble soy flour polymeric carbohydrates have been reacted with sodium periodate for the specific oxidation of vicinal -OH groups to investigate the reactions involved in this approach to soy flour adhesives. The reactions have been shown to generate carbohydrate oligomer fractions presenting one, two or multiple aldehyde groups. With the exception of the small molecular weight heptanedial, the smaller molecular weight aldehydes generated from mono- and disaccharides by the same reaction do not appear to form from the insoluble soy flour carbohydrates, or have already reacted. The reaction of periodate with soy protein isolate has been shown to generate some aldehydes too. When the mix of SPI and soy insoluble carbohydrates is treated with periodate, the majority of the observed aldehyde carrying species appear to be higher molecular weight carbohydrate oligomer fractions.

}, author = {C.R. FRIHART and A. PIZZI and X.D. XI and L.E. LORENZ} } @article {1777, title = { Soy protein isolate-based polyamides as wood adhesives }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {54}, year = {2019}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {

Soy protein isolate was reacted first with maleic anhydride and then hexamethylenediamine to synthesis soy protein isolate-based polyamides (SPIPA). Its bonding properties were measured by preparing laboratory three-layer plywood. Furthermore, a silane coupling agent (KH560), citric acid and maleic anhydride were added as cross-linkers to the SPIPA glue mix before hot pressing the panels. ATR FT-MIR and MALDI-ToF were used to determine the structures of the SPIPA, and thermomechanical analysis was used to analyze its thermomechanical properties. The results show that maleic anhydride reacts with amino acids in the soy protein molecule and then reacts with hexamethylenediamine to form carbamate-structured polyamides. This is confirmed by the ATR FT-MIR and MALDI-ToF results. Moreover, structural analysis indicates that a large number of branched structures are formed and occur in the SPIPA, rendering possible the formation of a network during curing, ensuring the bonding performance of the adhesive. The SPIPA adhesive presented good bonding strength and water resistance above the standard requirements of China National Standard GB/T 9846-2015. In particular, when maleic anhydride was added as a cross-linking agent, namely the SPIPA-MA adhesive, the panels\&$\#$39; dry and wet shear strengths were improved so that it can be considered as a suitable soy protein-based wood adhesive.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and C. GERARDIN and X.Y. CHEN and S. AMIROU} } @article {1796, title = { Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Fiber from Waste Bamboo Processing Residues for Oil/water Selective Separation }, journal = { JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {40}, year = {2019}, pages = {58-72}, abstract = {

Biomass materials have attracted increasing attention as oil absorbents for oil/water separation duo to their renewability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, many separation materials preparations are either rather time consuming or have suffered from the need of harsh conditions. In the present study, bamboo fiber was successfully modified to acquire simultaneously super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic properties by just two steps: delignification and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The morphology and properties of MTMS-bamboo fiber were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and the oil/water contact angles. Moreover, the durability, recyclability and the practical application of selective separation were studied. The analysis results disclosed that the special surface wetting properties of MTMS-bamboo fiber resulted from the silanization of the bamboo fiber surface, notably, from its water contact angle being 153 degrees and oil contact angle 0 degrees. The fiber so prepared exhibited excellent durability in several kinds of chemical solutions. The absorbed oil can be recovered by simple mechanical squeezing and the bamboo fiber maintained a high oil absorption capacity after multiple squeezing-absorption cycles. The modified fiber acted as an absorbent for hot water oil/water separation and demonstrated also a high oil separation capacity. The continuous separation efficiency of the MTMS-bamboo fiber was investigated.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and G.B. DU and A. PIZZI and X. XI} } @article {1792, title = { Tannin Gels and Their Carbon Derivatives: A Review }, journal = { BIOMOLECULES }, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Tannins are one of the most natural, non-toxic, and highly reactive aromatic biomolecules classified as polyphenols. The reactive phenolic compounds present in their chemical structure can be an alternative precursor for the preparation of several polymeric materials for applications in distinct industries: adhesives and coatings, leather tanning, wood protection, wine manufacture, animal feed industries, and recently also in the production of new porous materials (i.e., foams and gels). Among these new polymeric materials synthesized with tannins, organic and carbon gels have shown remarkable textural and physicochemical properties. Thus, this review presents and discusses the available studies on organic and carbon gels produced from tannin feedstock and how their properties are related to the different operating conditions, hence causing their cross-linking reaction mechanisms. Moreover, the steps during tannin gels preparation, such as the gelation and curing processes (under normal or hydrothermal conditions), solvent extraction, and gel drying approaches (i.e., supercritical, subcritical, and freeze-drying) as well as the methods available for their carbonization (i.e., pyrolysis and activation) are presented and discussed. Findings from organic and carbon tannin gels features demonstrate that their physicochemical and textural properties can vary greatly depending on the synthesis parameters, drying conditions, and carbonization methods. Research is still ongoing on the improvement of tannin gels synthesis and properties, but the review evaluates the application of these highly porous materials in multidisciplinary areas of science and engineering, including thermal insulation, contaminant sorption in drinking water and wastewater, and electrochemistry. Finally, the substitution of phenolic materials (i.e., phenol and resorcinol) by tannin in the production of gels could be beneficial to both the bioeconomy and the environment due to its low-cost, bio-based, non-toxic, and non-carcinogenic characteristics.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02346433}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A.F.N. BOSS and C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI} } @article {1793, title = { Tannin-based adhesive cross-linked by furfuryl alcohol-glyoxal and epoxy resins }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {94}, year = {2019}, pages = {47-52}, abstract = {

To prepare a natural tannin-based adhesive with good water resistance, an environment friendly furfuryl alcohol-glyoxal resin (FG) synthesized in the laboratory was developed as a cross-linker for tannin-based adhesives. C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy results indicated that furfuryl alcohol and glyoxal reacted under acidic conditions and that the -CH-(OH)- groups could be shown to be the ones involved in the cross-linking of the tannin-furfuryl-glyoxal adhesive (TFG). The results for the wet shear strength of TFG-bonded plywood showed that the cured TFG was improved and better than that bonded with a tannin-furfuryl alcohol (TF) adhesive. Moreover, the TFG adhesive cross-linked with 12\% epoxy resin (EPR) presented a good water resistance. It had a modulus of elasticity (MOE) higher than that of tannin-furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde (TFF), TF and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives.

}, author = {J. ZHANG and X.D. XI and J.K. LIANG and A. PIZZI and G.B. DU and S.D. DENG} } @article {1816, title = { Tannin-Based Biofoams-A Review }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {477-492}, abstract = {

This review details the development of tannin-based biofoams for fire resistance and acoustic insulation and details the different varieties of these foams that have been developed, from tannin-furanic self-blowing foams to tannin-furanic polyurethanes and finally non-isocyanate tannin-based-carbohydrates polyurethanes (NIPU).

}, author = {A. PIZZI} } @article {1802, title = { Tannins: Prospectives and Actual Industrial Applications }, journal = {BIOMOLECULES}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The origin of tannins, their historical evolution, their different types, and their applications are described. Old and established applications are described, as well as the future applications which are being developed at present and that promise to have an industrial impact in the future. The chemistry of some of these applications is discussed where it is essential to understand the tannins and their derivates role. The essential points of each application, their drawbacks, and their chance of industrial application are briefly discussed. The article presents historical applications of tannins, such as leather, or traditional medicine, and more recent applications.

}, author = {A. PIZZI} } @article {1839, title = { Water resistance improvement by polyethyleneimine of tannin-furfuryl alcohol adhesives }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL WOOD PRODUCTS JOURNAL }, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, pages = {16-21}, abstract = {

In this research furfuryl alcohol (FA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) in different ratio were added to a tannin based adhesive in order to improve its moisture resistance. In order to characterize the functional groups involved, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the thermal behaviour of the formulations. FTIR spectroscopy indicated the reaction of quebracho tannin with FA and PEI. The results of the TGA showed that the added FA and PEI increased the resistance to thermal degradation. DSC analysis showed that the added FA and PEI reduced the heat absorption peak. According to the tensile shear strength of the formulations, the adhesive formulation T-1 F-0.75 P-20 (mixing proportion: Tannin 1, FA 0.75, PEI 20\%) was able to satisfy the standards requirements (BS 1204-2) as a moisture resistant adhesive. Furthermore, this formulation presented the best tensile shear tests results and the least number of delaminated samples.

}, author = {Y. SHIRMOHAMMADLI and P. MORADPOUR and A. ABDULKHANI and D. EFHAMISISI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1817, title = { Wheat protein hydrolysates-resorcinol-aldehydes as potential cold setting adhesives }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {77}, year = {2019}, pages = {453-463}, abstract = {

Environmental concerns about natural adhesive materials are leading to an increasing interest towards the development of ecological products. The development of new value-added uses for wheat proteins led us to develop protein-based wood adhesives. Different protein cold-setting resins were formulated by reacting the protein hydrolysates with different aldehydes (formaldehyde, glyoxal and glutaraldehyde). Wood bonded with cold-setting protein adhesive with different aldehydes met the requirements for interior and exterior conditions, and the characterization was similar to those of conventional PRF (phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde) adhesives. As the results indicate, both glyoxal and glutaraldehyde are able to react with wheat protein hydrolysates and are viable alternatives to formaldehyde and prospectively seem more environmentally friendly. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis allowed the identification of the main oligomer species obtained. The analysis showed that resin prepared with glutaraldehyde is not a simple mix of resorcinol-glutaraldehyde oligomers and amino acid, but a much more complex combination of various species including amino acid-glutaraldehyde and amino acid-resorcinol oligomers.

}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI and X.D. XI} } @inbook {1756, title = { Biosourced Thermosets for Lignocellulosic Composites }, booktitle = {THERMOSET COMPOSITES: PREPARATION, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS}, volume = {38}, number = {Materials Research Foundations}, year = {2018}, pages = {81-111}, abstract = {

Recent developments and trends in the field thermoset binders for thermoset lignocellulosic composites are reviewed. The more recent developments in tannin thermoset binders without the use of aldehyde-yielding compounds and Lignin binders are discussed. The combination of these for natural environment-friendly matrices for non-woven fibre mats is also briefly reviewed. Topical developments in protein-based binders, such as soy protein thermosets are addressed. New trends in carbohydrate thermosets as modifiers of existing composite binders, by forming furanic compounds then used as building blocks are addressed as well. Epoxidized unsaturated vegetable oil thermoset binders for lignocellulosic composites are described and an example of cashew nut shell oil modified by ozonolysis to yield thermoset resins by self-condensation is explored.

}, author = {A. PIZZI} } @article {1747, title = { Chemical composition of African mahogany (K. ivorensis A. Chev) extractive and tannin structures of the bark by MALDI-TOF }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {113}, year = {2018}, pages = {167-178}, abstract = {

The total phenolic and the condensed tannins content of the bark, the sapwood and the heartwood of Khaya ivorensis (K. ivorensis) from the natural forest of Gabon was investigated by Folin-Ciocalteu, vanillic assay and acid/butanol methods All these methods showed that the bark, the sapwood and the heartwood of K. ivorensis did not display a significant difference (p \> 0.05) regarding their phenolic content and their condensed tannins content as well. The acetone/water extracted tannins from the bark were characterized by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and by Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR). The presence of fisetinidin, gallocatechin, and trihydroxyflavan monomers was observed for the first time. Flavonoid oligomers linked to sugars were found within K. ivorensis condensed tannins. An heptamer formed by mixed fisetinidin, trihydroxyflavan, three dihydroxyflavans, and a carbohydrate dimer including mannose was also identified for the first time in the bark of K. ivorensis. That mahogany hardwood species did not exhibit any antifungal activity against the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. However, bark powder decreased the radial fungus growth.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01710611}, author = {A.B.B. ATHOMO and S.P.E. ANRIS and R. SAFOU-TCHIAMA and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and T. CABARET and A. PIZZI and B. CHARRIER} } @article {1761, title = { A comparison between the influence of nanoclay and isocyanate on urea-glyoxal resins }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL WOOD PRODUCTS JOURNAL }, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, pages = {9-14}, abstract = {

The effects of pMDI and nanoclay on physical and mechanical properties of particleboards bonded with a urea-glyoxal (UG) resin were compared. pMDI (4, 6 and 8\%) and nanoclay (1, 2 and 3\%) were added to the synthesised UG resin. The properties of the resins prepared as well as of the particleboard panels bonded with them were then measured. The gel time shortened and the viscosity increased by addition of both pMDI and nanoclay into a UG resin. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that the addition of pMDI decreased the onset, curing and peak temperatures of the UG resin. Nanoclay instead, only decreased the peak temperature of the UG resin. The particleboards bonded with UG resins/isocyanate yielded lower water absorption and percentage thickness swelling when compared to those bonded with the UG resin/nanoclay and the control UG resins. The mechanical properties of the particleboards bonded with UG resins could be significantly improved by the addition of increasing percentages of nanoclay and pMDI. The panels where pMDI was added to the UG resin presented higher flexural modulus, flexural strength and IB strength compared to those bonded with UG resins containing nanoclay.

}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1709, title = { Comparison of the properties of urea-formaldehyde resins by the use of formalin or urea formaldehyde condensates }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, pages = {2537-2551}, abstract = {

In industry, formalin and urea formaldehyde condensates (UFC) are used for the preparation of urea-formaldehyde adhesives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of a UF resin prepared with formalin (42\% concentration) and two kinds of UFC with various urea content (F/U similar to 5 and 4.3 malar ratio). The resins were prepared with final molar ratio F/U = 1.1. The UF resin with formalin showed better mechanical properties than those with UFC. The C-13 NMR and FT-IR results indicated that methylene, methylene ether and urons groups in a UF resin prepared with formalin were present in higher proportion than observed in industrial UF resins. The DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) results showed that the curing temperature of a UF resin prepared with formalin is lower than that of a UF resin prepared with UFC. The mechanical properties of MDFs prepared with the three types of adhesives showed that MDFs bonded with a UF prepared with formalin yields a better mechanical properties than MDFs prepared with a UF resin based on UFC. Moreover, resin synthesized with UFC (F/U = 5) result in higher IBS (internal bond strength) MOR (modulus of rupture), MOE (modulus of elasticity), TS (thickness swelling) and formaldehyde emission (FE) than resin synthesized with UFC (F/U = 4.3). The MDF bonded with the UF2 resin presented poor results, with the highest TS and the lowest IBS, MOE, MOR and FE.

}, author = {A. DORIEH and N. MAHMOODI and M. MAMAGHANI and A. PIZZI and M.M. ZEYDI} } @article {1766, title = { Critical Links Governing Performance of Self-binding and Natural Binders for Hot-pressed Reconstituted Lignocellulosic Board without Added Formaldehyde: A Review }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {13}, year = {2018}, pages = {2049-2115}, abstract = {

The production of fiberboard, particleboard, and related hot-pressed biomass products can convert small, relatively low-valued pieces of wood into valuable products. There is strong interest in being able to manufacture such products without the addition of formaldehyde, which is a health hazard during both production and use. This article reviews literature describing various challenges that need to be faced in order to achieve satisfactory bonding properties in hot-pressed bio-based board products without the addition of formaldehyde. Bonding mechanisms are examined in the form of a hypothesis, in which the strength development is represented by a chain with four links. Failure of a board is expected to occur at the weakest of these mechanistic links, which include mechanical contact, molecular-scale wetting and contact, various chemical-based linkages, and structural integrity. The most promising technologies for environmentally friendly production of hot-pressed board with use of lignocellulosic materials tend to be those that favor success in the development of at least three of the mechanistic links in the hypothetical chain.

}, author = {M.A. HUBBE and A. PIZZI and H.Y. ZHANG and R. HALIS} } @article {1729, title = { Destructive vs. non-destructive methods for the mechanical characterisation of tannin-based thermoset foams }, journal = { POLYMER TESTING }, volume = {69}, year = {2018}, pages = {332-339}, abstract = {

The mechanical properties of a broad range of thermoset foams based on tannin were investigated through destructive compression tests, either with or without rigid plates glued to the opposite faces of the samples, and through a rather new, non-destructive, quasi-static method. The main objective was to compare both techniques, as well as the effect of the presence of plates, and to discuss the relevance of each for properly characterising the materials. Gluing stiff plates to the samples was found to be a key point for the appropriate determination of the elastic modulus of brittle foams, whereas it did not affect that of elastic-plastic foams. In contrast, the compressive strength did not depend on the kind of test. The results obtained by destructive compression were then compared to those of the new non-destructive technique, proving that the latter was suitable for characterising elastic-plastic foams but not brittle foams. However, the new method allowed determining Poisson ratio and loss factor, which had never been measured so far for this kind of materials.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1771, title = { Determination of reaction rate parameters for the acid copper chromate fixation reactions on oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) sapwood }, journal = { WOOD MATERIAL SCIENCE \& ENGINEERING }, volume = {13}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {

Acid copper chromate fixation reactions on oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) sapwood were characterized by at least two distinguished reaction periods which differ in their kinetic behavior, particularly reaction rate. In this research, chemical rate equation parameters were studied in detail as a function of chromium fixation time. Theoretically, the kinetic data were distinguished between the adsorption and reduction reactions and consequently, the rate parameters were determined for each stage distinctly. The obtained results showed that at the investigated thermal range (25-33 degrees C), almost for every 3 degrees C increase in temperature the reaction duration has decreased 20.4 min for the first reaction period and 78 min for the second reaction period. Besides that, in all sample replications, up to 58.3\% of hydrogen ions function at the reduction reactions of the initial period, demonstrating that acidity (H+ ions) has a major effect on reaction rate constant. Accordingly, adsorption reactions of the hexavalent chromium at the starting point follow a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction. Different to the adsorption reaction the Cr-VI reduction reaction is exothermic with a measured exothermal energy of 48.2kJ/mol.

}, author = {M. SHEIKHOLESLAMI and A. PIZZI and A. MIRSHOKRAIE} } @article {1750, title = { Effects of steam explosion on the characteristics of windmill palm fiber and its application to fiberboard }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {76}, year = {2018}, pages = {601-609}, abstract = {

Windmill palm fiber (WPF) obtained from the leaf sheath was treated by steam explosion under the pressure of 2.0 MPa for 120 s to modify and improve the properties of the panels manufactured with it. For comparison, an alkali treatment and acid treatment have also been used to treat WPF. Fiber analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical composition analysis showed that after the steam explosion treatment: (1) the length, width and fine elements of the windmill palm fibrils were more influenced by the steam explosion treatment than by the other two treatments. (2) A great number of spinulose spherical silica bodies and waxy layers were observed on the surfaces of all the fibers except for the steam explosion treated windmill palm fiber (SEWPF) surfaces, and (3) the cellulose fraction correspondingly increased with the decrease of the hemicelluloses and lignin contents. Finally, the SEWPFs were used to produce fiberboards, and the modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB), water absorption (WA) and thickness swell (TS) of the fiberboards were measured. The results showed that the WA and TS of the fiberboards made of SEWPF decreased 22 and 32\%, respectively, in relation to those made of WPF, whereas the IB increased 46\%. It is suggested that steam explosion can be a feasible approach to modify WPF and expand its uses.

}, author = {H. LUO and H.Y. ZHANG and L. YUE and A. PIZZI and X.N. LU} } @article {1726, title = { Energy Release Rate Measurement of Welded Bamboo Joints }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, pages = {450-456}, abstract = {

Double cantilever beam tests were used to measure the energy release rates of linear vibrational welded moso bamboo joints. The influence of the length of the preserved cracks, the different combinations of the inner and outer bamboo surfaces and the moisture content is studied herein. The experimental compliance method, which is based on linear elastic fracture mechanics and has been shown to be an ideal method, was used to analyze data with the power equation. The results show that the preserved initial crack length does not have a significant effect on the final measured energy release rate, while the moso bamboo combination does affect the properties dramatically. The welded moso bamboo joints with inner-inner surfaces have the highest energy release rate of 122 J/m(2). The average energy release of the outer-outer combination was only 102 J/m(2) . The expansion of the cracks also became easier when the moisture content of the welded joints was 18.5\% compared to 4.5\% and 10.1\%. So the moisture resistance of the welded joints should be duly improved.

}, author = {H.Y. ZHANG and Q. HE and X.N. LU and A. PIZZI and C.T. MEI and X.X. ZHAN} } @article {1731, title = { Impact of the formulation of biosourced phenolic foams on their fire properties }, journal = { POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY }, volume = {153}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {

The fire retardance properties of rigid, biosourced phenolic foams derived from tannins, which are novel, environment-friendly thermal insulators, are essential before the latter can be applied to the building sector. In this work, tannin-based foams prepared from new formulations and using different foaming methods were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC). It was found that the flammability strongly depends on the formulation, so that tannin foams perform very differently depending on the presence of surfactant and plasticiser and, more importantly, on their initial water content. Moreover, a good correlation was observed between TGA and PCFC results. Nevertheless, due to their highly resistant phenolic, crosslinked, polymer network, all materials released a quite low amount of hydrocarbon fuel during thermal decomposition, leading to low heat release rates and high ignition times, and thus providing very good fire retardance properties. Based on the above, the foam presenting the highest fire retardance was identified, confirming our conclusions about the role of the ingredients in the formulation.

}, url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02621928}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and J. SARAZIN and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and S. BOURBIGOT and A. CELZARD} } @article {1772, title = { Improving soy-based adhesives for wood particleboard by tannins addition }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {52}, year = {2018}, pages = {261-279}, abstract = {

Two different types of commercial tannins, namely chestnut (a hydrolysable tannin) and mimosa (a condensed flavonoid tannin), were used with two different types of hardener, namely hexamine and glyoxal, to upgrade soy-based adhesives for bonding of wood particleboard. Different soy-based adhesive formulations were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The physical properties of different adhesive formulations such as viscosity, solid contents, acidity and density were also measured. One-layer laboratory particleboards bonded with the experimental adhesive formulations were prepared and tested. Based on the results obtained, tannins appear to decrease effectively soy-based adhesives\&$\#$39; viscosity. The TMA analysis showed that chestnut tannin extract appeared to react well with soy flour and to improve the soy flour adhesion properties. The TMA results also showed that both tannin types shorten the adhesives gel time and gel temperature. The DSC analysis also showed that tannin changes the thermal properties of soy-based adhesive and decreases both its glass transition temperature (Tg) and its denaturation temperature (Td). Moreover, particleboard bonded with tannin-modified adhesives showed internal bond strength results higher than particleboard bonded with unmodified soy adhesive. Thickness swelling and water absorption of the boards decreased when using tannins in soy-based adhesive formulations.

}, author = {S. GHAHRI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1740, title = { Improving the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from urea-glyoxal resin by addition of pMDI }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {76}, year = {2018}, pages = {871-876}, abstract = {

The effect of pMDI on physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards made from urea-glyoxal resin was investigated. The nontoxic and ecofriendly urea-glyoxal (UG) resin was synthesized under weak acid conditions, and its different properties were measured. Then, pMDI at various contents (4, 6 and 8\% on resin solids) was added to the UG resin prepared. The thermal and physicochemical properties of the resins prepared as well as their water absorption, flexural properties (flexural modulus and strength) and internal bond (IB) strength of the particleboard panels bonded with them were measured according to standard methods. According to the physicochemical results obtained, the addition of pMDI significantly accelerated the gel time and increased the viscosity and solids content of UG resins. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the addition of pMDI decreases the onset and curing temperatures of the UG resin. Physical analysis results of the panels indicated that the particleboards made from UG resins with isocyanate yielded lower water absorption when compared to those bonded with the control UG resins. Based on the findings of this research work, the mechanical properties of particleboard panels bonded with UG resins could be significantly enhanced by the addition of increasing percentages of pMDI. The panels having 8 wt\% pMDI exhibited the highest flexural modulus, flexural strength and IB strength value and the lowest water absorption among all the panels prepared.

}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1769, title = { Improving the properties of ionic liquid-treated lignin-urea-formaldehyde resins by a small addition of isocyanate for wood adhesive }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {94}, year = {2018}, pages = {406-419}, abstract = {

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of polymeric 4, 4 diphenyl methane diisocyanate (pMDI) on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood panels bonded with an ionic liquid (IL)-treated lignin-urea-formaldehyde resin. Soda lignin modified by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) IL was added to a urea formaldehyde (UF) resin during resin synthesis to prepare a lignin-urea-formaldehyde (LUF) resin. pMDI at various contents (2, 4, and 6\% on resin solids) was then added to prepare a LUF resin. The thermal and physicochemical properties of the resins prepared as well as the water absorption, shear strength, and formaldehyde emission of the plywood panels bonded with them were measured according to standard methods. DSC analysis indicated that the addition of pMDI decreases the gel onset and curing temperatures of the LUF resin. According to the results obtained, the addition of pMDI significantly increased the viscosity and solid content and accelerated the gelation time of LUF resins. Based on the findings of this research, the addition of pMDI dramatically improves the performance of LUF resins as a new adhesive for wood-based panels. The LUF resins with isocyanate added yielded panels presenting lower formaldehyde emission and lower water absorption content when compared to those bonded with the control LUF resins. Greater dry and wet shear strength can be obtained by a small addition of pMDI to LUF resins.

}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI and A. MOHAMMADGHASEMIPOUR} } @article {1741, title = { Improving Water Resistance of Soy-Based Adhesive by Vegetable Tannin }, journal = { JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT }, volume = {26}, year = {2018}, pages = {1881-1890}, abstract = {

In this research tannic acid was used to prepare soy-based adhesives for making plywood and fiber board. The different resin formulations were analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and its derivative as a function of temperature (DTG) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of tannic acid to soy-based adhesive decreased soy-based adhesive viscosity and its pH. The DSC analysis showed that the denaturation temperature of soy-based adhesives decrease by adding tannic acid. The TGA and DTG curves showed that the thermal degradation of soy flour starts above 146 A degrees C. The FTIR spectroscopy results also showed that the soy flour amino acids appeared to react well with tannic acid. Furthermore, delamination and shear strength test results showed the good water resistance of plywood bonded with soy-based tannic acid-modified adhesive. The mechanical and physical properties such as MOR, MOE, IB, and water resistance of fiberboard were improved, by adding tannic acid to the soy-based adhesive.

}, author = {S. GHAHRI and B. MOHEBBY and A. PIZZI and A. MIRSHOKRAIE and H.R. MANSOURI} } @article {1743, title = { Isocyanate-Free Polyurethane Coatings and Adhesives from Mono- and Di-Saccharides }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Mostly biosourced non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) were prepared from mono- and disaccharides, namely glucose and sucrose, reacted with dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine. The main aim of this research was to show that NIPU can be prepared from mono- and disaccharides, this just being an initial exploratory work and its sole main aim. The oligomers obtained were detected by MALDI-ToF, CP-MAS C-13 NMR, and FTIR spectrometries. The glucose-derived NIPU were shown to harden at a markedly lower temperature than the sucrose-derived ones and to be easier to handle and spread. The NIPU obtained were applied as wood and steel surface coatings and tested by the sessile drop test (on wood) and cross-cut test (on steel) with encouraging results. The glucose NIPU gave good surface coating results already at 103 degrees C, while the sucrose NIPU yielded good results only at a markedly higher temperature of hardening. The NIPU saccharide resins were also tested as thermosetting wood joint adhesives with the glucose NIPU yielding very encouraging results.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1749, title = { Mechanically blown wall-projected tannin-based foams }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {113}, year = {2018}, pages = {316-323}, abstract = {

Condensed flavonoid tannin-based foams from quebracho tannin extract have been developed using a new method of expansion based on fire-fighting or tunneling foams, where a foam concentrate forms a stable liquid foam. This new mechanical method of expansion allows obtaining a solid porous material after curing and hardening at room temperature, through a liquid foam formed by a tannin resin and an aqueous solution of surfactant. The stability of the as-obtained liquid foam and the influence of the amount of catalyst are reported. The use of this new approach for preparing tannin-based rigid foams avoids the problem of shrinkage presented by many other formulations where physical or chemical foaming is employed. Non-ionic surfactants have also been used in the formulation to obtain smaller cells and improve the structure of the new material. Bulk density (0.069-0.080 g/cm(3)), mechanical (compressive strength of 0.034-0.13 MPa) and thermal (0.045-0.047 W m(-1)K(-1)) properties and morphological appearance of the foams have been characterised and reported.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1767, title = { Melamine-Glyoxal-Glutaraldehyde Wood Panel Adhesives without Formaldehyde }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

(MGG\&$\#$39;) resin adhesives for bonding wood panels were prepared by a single step procedure, namely reacting melamine with glyoxal and simultaneously with a much smaller proportion of glutaraldehyde. No formaldehyde was used. The inherent slow hardening of this resin was overcome by the addition of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid as the adhesive hardener in the glue mix. The plywood strength results obtained were comparable with those obtained with melamine-formaldehyde resins pressed under the same conditions. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight (MALDI ToF) and Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis allowed the identification of the main oligomer species obtained and of the different types of linkages formed, as well as to indicate the multifaceted role of the ionic liquid. These resins are proposed as a suitable substitute for equivalent formaldehyde-based resins.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and S. AMIROU} } @article {1752, title = { Optimisation of "green" tannin-furanic foams for thermal insulation by experimental design }, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {139}, year = {2018}, pages = {7-15}, abstract = {

In this paper, \"green\" tannin-furanic foams were prepared based on formulations free of formaldehyde and foaming agent, aiming at obtaining the best thermal insulators as possible with the highest mechanical resistance. Both of these properties are antagonistic, since low thermal conductivity requires high porosity whereas high mechanical properties require low porosity. Thus, experimental design was applied for the first time to this kind of formulations. Thanks to a limited number of experiments suggested by a rational mixture design, the experimental responses: thermal conductivity, elastic modulus and compressive strength were modelled and predicted based on the relative proportions of three main ingredients of the formulation. The results revealed that the formulations containing a high proportion of furfuryl alcohol, a moderate proportion of tannin and a low level of catalyst led to the best compromise between properties having opposed trends. Thus, optimised foams presented a thermal conductivity of 0.039 W m(-1) K-1 and compression strength of 0.07 MPa. The reliability of the model used was successfully validated by additional tests. This proved it to be a very useful tool for developing environment-friendly tannin-furanic foams with desired features.

}, url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627106}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and F. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1735, title = { Polyurethanes from Kraft Lignin without Using Isocyanates }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, pages = {413-425}, abstract = {

The reaction of a desulphurized kraft lignin with hexamethylene diamine and dimethyl carbonate has allowed the development of isocyanate-free polyurethane resins. The present research work is based on previous studies made with hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, but takes advantage of the higher number of hydroxyl groups present in lignin and their different aliphatic and aromatic character. The obtained materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP MAS) C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which have revealed the presence of urethane functions. The interpretation of the results has shown a larger number of species than when tannins were used and has indicated the presence of two types of bonds in the new molecules formed: ionic and covalent bonds.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1723, title = { Projectable tannin foams by mechanical and chemical expansion }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {120}, year = {2018}, pages = {90-96}, abstract = {

A new formulation of quebracho tannin-based resin has been used to prepare bio-based rigid foams. The proposed foams were blown by using the simultaneous combination of two expansion methods by mechanical expansion as used for fire-fighting foams and by chemical expansion based on the release of water and other gases during the exothermal self-condensation of furfuryl alcohol. The combination of both methods allowed us to overcome certain limitations found in the preparation of foams exclusively based on mechanical expansion These were the resulting density (16\% lower than that obtained by mechanical expansion) and the mechanical properties (compressive strength improved of about 11\%). Resin chemorheology was characterized under stressed conditions using frequency and time sweeps as well as temperature ramps. The evolution of the linear viscoelastic functions during the reaction clearly showed the transition from viscous to strong gel-like behavior. The foaming and hardening processes were followed by the use of FOAMAT equipment and the resulting foams were characterized in terms of density (0.059-0.063 g/cm(3)), mechanical properties (compressive strength of 0.090-0.144 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.046-0.048 W m(-1) K-1).

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and A. TENORIO-ALFONSO and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and M.C. SANCHEZ and J.M. FRANCO} } @article {1764, title = { Properties of plywood panels bonded with ionic liquid-modified lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {94}, year = {2018}, pages = {143-154}, abstract = {

The aim of this research was to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of plywood panels bonded with ionic liquid-modified lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin. For this purpose, soda bagasse lignin was modified by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) ionic liquid, and then, various contents of modified lignins (10, 15, and 20 wt\%) were added as a substitute of phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis. The properties of the synthesized resin were compared with those of a control PF resin. The changes in curing behavior of the resins prepared were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The physical properties of the resins prepared, as well as the water absorption, thickness swelling, shear strength, and formaldehyde emission of the plywood panels bonded with these adhesives, were measured according to standard methods. DSC analysis indicated that in comparison with PF resins, curing of the LPF resin occurred at lower temperatures. The physical properties of the synthesized resins indicated that viscosity and solid content increased, while gel time and density decreased by addition of treated lignin to the PF resin. Although the panels containing resins with modified lignin yielded low formaldehyde emission, their dimensional stability was worse than those bonded with a commercial PF adhesive. The plywood prepared using IL-treated lignin PF resins has shear strength, which satisfy the requirements of the relevant standards specifications and significantly better than that of panels prepared with the control PF resin. The mechanical properties of the panels could be significantly enhanced with increased percentage of treated lignin content from 0 to 20 wt\%.

}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1727, title = { Reactions with Wood Carbohydrates and Lignin of Citric Acid as a Bond Promoter of Wood Veneer Panels }, journal = { POLYMERS }, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

The reaction of citric acid with wood veneers was studied by Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS C-13 NMR) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectrometry. The analysis showed that reactions of citric acid occurred with both lignin and carbohydrate constituents of wood. The reactions occurring are esterifications between the carboxylic acid functions of citric acid and the numerous aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups of the main wood constituents. Reaction of citric acid with glucose as a simple model compound of carbohydrates hydroxyl groups also yielded reactions leading to linear and branched oligomers by esterification. The result indicate that the reactions of esterification are accompanied in parallel by some internal rearrangements of lignin. The applied results on bonding wide flat wood surfaces such as veneers to obtain LVL panels yielded excellent strength results even if the conditions of pressing were more drastic than what is usual for this application. The applied bonding results have shown that citric acid has great potential to be used as a bio-binder for wood veneers.

}, author = {C. DEL-MENEZZI and S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI and X.D. XI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1758, title = { Soy-based, tannin-modified plywood adhesives }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {94}, year = {2018}, pages = {218-237}, abstract = {

In this research, two different types of commercial tannins, namely a hydrolysable tannin (chestnut) and a condensed flavonoid tannin (mimosa), were used to prepare two types of soy-based (soy flour (SF) and soy protein isolate) adhesives for making plywood. Thermogravimetric properties (TGA) and its derivative as function of temperature (DTG) of different soy-based adhesive were measured in the range 40 degrees C-300 degrees C. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) from 25 degrees C to 250 degrees C was done for the different resin formulations. Duplicate three-ply laboratory plywood panels were prepared by adding 300 g/m(2) of the adhesives\&$\#$39; total resin solid content composed of SF or isolated soy protein (ISP), urea, chestnut, and mimosa tannin extracts with hexamine as hardener. Based on the results obtained, tannins can improve SF adhesion properties. The TMA showed that chestnut tannin extract appeared to react well with SF, while mimosa tannin extract appeared to react well with ISP. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry also showed that among other reactions, the soy protein amino acids reacted with the tannins. Furthermore, delamination and shear strength test results showed the good water resistance of plywood bonded with soy-based tannin modified adhesive.

}, author = {S. GHAHRI and A. PIZZI and B. MOHEBBY and A. MIRSHOKRAIE and H.R. MANSOURI} } @article {1774, title = { The study of linear vibrational welding of moso bamboo }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) linear-vibration welded joints with three different combinations between the inner and outer surfaces were studied in this paper. The tensile-shear strength, the microstructures and welded layer thickness observed by SEM and the density profiles measured by X-ray densitometer of the welded samples have been considered and compared. The maximum average tensile-shear strength of outer-outer, inner-inner and outer-inner welded joints were 5.91, 7.15 and 6.24MPa, respectively. And only the inner-inner welded joints have the bamboo failure after the shear test. The welded joint is composed of a lot of bamboo fibers entangled in the molten and flown intercellular materials which decide the final mechanical performance of the welded joints. The thickness of the outer-outer welded layer is the smallest and the inner-inner welded layer is the highest. However, the maximum density reached in the inner-inner welded joint is smaller than in the outer-outer welded joint owing to the different vascular distribution in the cross section of the moso bamboo. The relative density can be used to reflect the tensile-shear strength of the welded joints. The natural structure of bamboo really do have significant influences on the welded interface.

}, author = {H.Y. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X.H. ZHOU and X.N. LU and Z.Q. WANG} } @article {1757, title = { Synthesis, structure characterization and application of melamine-glyoxal adhesive resins }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {76}, year = {2018}, pages = {283-296}, abstract = {

To eliminate formaldehyde in melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins the nonvolatile and nontoxic aldehyde glyoxal (G) was reacted with melamine to prepare novel melamine-glyoxal (MG) resins. These MG resins were synthesized with different M/G molar ratios, and their properties were tested. The liquid and hardened MG resins were characterized, and the oligomers formed and their distribution were determined by C-13 NMR and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The energy of activation of cross-linking of the MG resins was found to be higher than for MF resins. This rendered some applications possible, such as MG resins impregnated paper surface overlays and showed such resins limitations as binders for wood particleboard. The MG resins remained stable at ambient temperature for more than 12 days.

}, author = {S. DENG and A. PIZZI and G. DU and M.C. LAGEL and L. DELMOTTE and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1708, title = { Tannins as a sustainable raw material for green chemistry: A review }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {126}, year = {2018}, pages = {316-332}, abstract = {

Tannins as herbal extracts are a good alternative for green chemistry. They are found aplenty in some plant species and can be extracted by simple methods. The tannins main feature and advantage is their phenolic structure which is very similar to synthetic phenols. Another key feature of tannins is their actions as antioxidants. The use of tannins is often connected to one of these features. They are now actively used in leather tanning, adhesive making (especially wood adhesives), fisheries, beverages manufacturing, animal feed and many others. Considerable amounts of research has also been recently conducted on the possibility of using tannins in the manufacture of biosourced foams, wood preservatives, corrosion inhibitors, polyurethane surface coatings, epoxy adhesives, binders for Teflon coatings and etc. This paper deals with different uses of tannins and with the latest research which has been done on this subject.

}, author = {Y. SHIRMOHAMMADLI and D. EFHAMISISI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1679, title = { Analysis of the Cross-Linking Reaction of Lignin with Triethyl Phosphate by MALDI-TOF and C-13 NMR }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

The reaction of condensation and cross-linking of desulfurized kraft lignin with triethyl phosphate (TEP) was explored. Catechol, a simple model of the aromatic ring of lignin, and glycerol, a model compound of the aliphatic hydroyl groups of the side chain of lignin, were employed under similar reaction conditions. Solid state cross-polarisation/magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) C-13 NMR and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectroscopy studies showed that polycondensation occurs on phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin, as well as on aliphatic hydroxyls groups of its side chain. The reactions appear to be favoured by higher temperatures and in the presence of ammonia. Preliminary adhesion tests on wood shown good hydrophobicity properties of the surface treated with lignin-TEP-based resin. Initial application tests carried out at high temperature demonstrated as good performance as metallic coating.

}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1680, title = { Analytical profiling of food-grade extracts from grape (Vitis vinifera sp.) seeds and skins, green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves and Limousin oak (Quercus robur) heartwood using MALDI-TOF-MS, ICP-MS and spectrophotometric methods }, journal = { JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS }, volume = {59}, year = {2017}, pages = {95-104}, abstract = {

Tannins are food additives widely used due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and flavouring properties. Nevertheless, the information provided by the manufacturers are often generic, and data on the presence of specific phenolic compounds and potentially toxic elements are needed. In this work a selection of food-grade plant extracts - also called \&$\#$39;commercial tannins\&$\#$39; - from different botanical sources: Vitis vinifera sp., Camellia Sinensis, Quercus robur, were profiled using UV-vis spectrophotometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The combined analytical approach was suitable for quality control of the polyphenolic fraction to highlight authenticity markers (e.g. galloylated flavonoids, glycosides, ellagitannins), and to ascertain the content of toxic elements (Cu, Sr, As, Co, Cr, Fe, Zn, Li, Ba and Pb) respect to their legal and/or recommended limits.

}, author = {A. RICCI and G.P. PARPINELLO and A.S. PALMA and N. TESLIC and C. BRILLI and A. PIZZI and A. VERSARI} } @article {1672, title = { Characterization of Ficus sycomorus tannin using ATR-FT MIR, MALDI-TOF MS and C-13 NMR methods }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {75}, year = {2017}, pages = {807-815}, abstract = {

The Ficus sycomorus bark tannin was extracted and characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Middle Infrared (ATR-FT MIR) spectra in the 1800 and 600 cm(-1) range, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR) spectroscopy methods. Ficus sycomorus species have a very high percentage (46\%) yield of tannin. These three characterization methods have shown that the Ficus sycomorus bark tannin is condensed and particularly a procyanidin type. It is composed of quercetin, apigenin, fisetinidin, catechin, gallocatechin, chalcone, radicinin, catechin gallate units with the presence of carbohydrates, quinone and gallic acid residues. The analysis results revealed that quercetin are the major constituents of Ficus sycomorus bark tannin. This procyanidin type tannin can give good wood adhesives.

}, author = {N. KONAI and D. RAIDANDI and A. PIZZI and L. MEVA{\textquoteright}A} } @article {1677, title = { Citric acid as waterproofing additive in butt joints linear wood welding }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {75}, year = {2017}, pages = {651-654}, abstract = {

Citric acid was used to improve resistance to water of the welded joint of spruce along the end-grain-to-end-grain faces. The use of 10-20\% citric acid as treatment during a very short time has been shown to markedly improve both the mechanical performance and the water resistance of welded spruce. Based on the results of the water resistance tests it appears that the application of citric acid as a natural waterproofing additive in wood welding is possible. The use of citric acid thus allows the preparation of welded wood joints satisfying the requirement of frequent short-term and long-term exposure to water. C-13 NMR analysis indicated that lignin modification of the welded material is related to the improvement of water resistance and shear properties of the welded joints.

}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1693, title = { A comparison between lignin modified by ionic liquids and glyoxalated lignin as modifiers of urea-formaldehyde resin }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {93}, year = {2017}, pages = {1120-1130}, abstract = {

The aim of this research was to compare the influence of modified lignin by ionic liquid (IL) on the physical and mechanical properties of wood-based panels bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin with the effect of glyoxalated lignin (GL) on UF properties. For this purpose, soda bagasse lignin was respectively modified by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) IL and glyoxal and then the various content of modified lignins (10, 15, and 20\%) were added at pH=7 during the UF resin synthesis instead of the second urea. The changes in the structure and thermal properties of lignin, after and before modification with glyoxal and IL, were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The physicochemical properties of the prepared resins as well as the water absorption, shear strength, and formaldehyde emission of the plywood panels made with these adhesives were measured according to standard methods. According to the FTIR spectra, the content of C=O bond increased in GL while in the IL-treated lignin the content of C-N bond markedly increased. DSC analysis indicated that lignin modified by IL had lower glass transition temperature (T-g) value compared to those modified with glyoxal and unmodified lignin, respectively. The UF resins containing IL-treated lignin exhibit a faster gel time compared to those prepared with GL. Equally, the plywood panels prepared with an IL had lower formaldehyde emission and higher mechanical strength compared to those made from UF resin containing GL. There were no significant differences in dimensional stability of the panels bonded with UFs modified with GL and those with IL-modified lignin.

}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1695, title = { The effect of soda bagasse lignin modified by ionic liquids on properties of the urea-formaldehyde resin as a wood adhesive }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {93}, year = {2017}, pages = {914-925}, abstract = {

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of lignin modified by ionic liquids on physical and mechanical properties of plywood panels bonded with the urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. For this purpose, soda bagasse lignin was modified by the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) ionic liquid and then the various contents of unmodified and modified lignins (10, 15, and 20\%) were added at pH=7 instead of second urea during the UF resin synthesis. The physicochemical properties of the prepared resins as well as the water absorption, shear strength, and formaldehyde emission of the plywood panels made with these adhesives were measured according to standard methods. According to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry, by treatment of lignin, the C=O, C-C, and C-H bonds decrease while the content of the C-N bond dramatically increases. Based on the finding of this research, the performance of soda bagasse lignin in UF resins dramatically improves by modification by ILs; as the resins with modified lignin yielded lower formaldehyde emission and water absorption when compared to those made from unmodified lignin and commercial UF adhesives, respectively. The shear strength as well as wood failure percentages are lower for the panels produced with modified lignin than for the panels produced with UF resins alone.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599537}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI and A. HONARBAKHSH-RAOUF and F. NEMATI} } @article {1706, title = { Environmentally friendly wood adhesives based on chestnut (Castanea sativa) shell tannins }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {75}, year = {2017}, pages = {89-100}, abstract = {

The aim of this work was the formulation of adhesives for particleboards based on tannins extracted from industrial lignocellulosic wastes, namely chestnut shell, chestnut bur and eucalyptus bark. The interest was centred on the possibility of completely removing formaldehyde from adhesive formulations. For this, hardener alternatives to formaldehyde were used: tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane (TRIS), glyoxal (GLY) and hexametilentetramine (HEX). The influence of the type and concentration of the hardener and pH on adhesive gel time and pot-life were studied. A comparative structural characterization of the adhesives was performed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Thermomechanical analyses (TMA) tests were carried out as an indication of the final strength of the adhesive systems. Particleboards type 2 of interior use (EN 312) were manufactured with adhesives based on chestnut shell tannins alone or mixed with chestnut bur/or eucalyptus bark tannins. Free-formaldehyde was determined, and boards were prepared with TRIS, GLY and HEX tannin adhesives were classified as E0.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599581}, author = {J. SANTOS and G. ANTORRENA and M.S. FREIRE and A. PIZZI and J. GONZALEZ-ALVAREZ} } @article {1674, title = { Fire-resistant tannin-ethylene glycol gels working as rubber springs with tuneable elastic properties }, journal = { JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {14720-14732}, abstract = {

Fire-resistant elastic materials made from tannin, a natural polyphenol extracted from tree barks, and having the appearance and the consistence of rubber are described. They can be produced in any dimension and with any shape based on a quite simple protocol, only consisting in mixing tannin, water and ethylene glycol, in the presence of a low amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid. After curing at 85 degrees C in an oven and subsequent drying, black elastic blocks are recovered whose mechanical properties can be easily adjusted from the proportions of the ingredients, especially with the amount of ethylene glycol acting as plasticiser. As a result, materials from extra-soft to hard can be obtained. Their retardant performance towards fire is demonstrated, a well-known feature of phenolic compounds here observed for the first time with an elastic material. Physicochemical analyses are performed and explain the chemistry behind the performances of these new biosourced materials.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and G. AMARAL-LABAT and L.I. GRISHECHKO and A. SANCHEZ-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1681, title = { Ionic liquids as enhancers of urea-glyoxal panel adhesives as substitutes for urea-formaldehyde resins }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {75}, year = {2017}, pages = {481-483}, abstract = {

Acid ionic liquids are used as hardeners of urea-glyoxal adhesives to enhance them to a level sufficient enough for substituting urea-formaldehyde adhesives used in wood panels.

}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDHEILI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1700, title = { Isocyanate-Free Polyurethanes by Coreaction of Condensed Tannins with Aminated Tannins }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {21-29}, abstract = {

Isocyanate-free polyurethane resins biosourced to a very high percentage level were prepared by the reaction of aminated mimosa tannin extract with commercial mimosa tannin extract prereacted with dimethyl carbonate. The reaction took place with ease at ambient temperature. Indications were that the polyurethanes obtained formed a hard film when cured at a temperature higher than 100 degrees C. Furthermore, the carbohydrate fraction of the tannin extract also appeared to be carbonated and reacted to generate isocyanate-free polyurethane linkages with the aminated tannins. This indicated that not only the polyphenolic fraction of the tannin extract, but also its other major component, can be used to prepare polyurethane resins. Flavonoid monomers and oligomers carbonated at different levels, both unreacted and urethane-linked to aminated flavonoid monomers and oligomers, were identified by FTIR and MALDI-TOF spectrometry.

}, author = {M. THEBAULT and A. PIZZI and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and F.M. AL-MARZOUKI and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1707, title = { MALDI-TOF, C-13 NMR and FTIR analysis of the cross-linking reaction of condensed tannins by triethyl phosphate }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {95}, year = {2017}, pages = {621-631}, abstract = {

Reaction of condensation and cross-linking of catechin monomer as a model of condensed (flavonoid) tannin extracts and of mimosa tannin itself, as well as of resorcinol with triethyl phosphate (TEP) have been investigated. FTIR, solid state CP-MAS C-13 NMR, P-31 NMR and MALDI-ToF spectroscopy studies revealed that reaction occurs mainly on the C3 of the flavonoid heterocycle ring and on the aromatic C4\&$\#$39; and C5\&$\#$39; carbons of the flavonoids B-ring, while TEP does not appear to react on the A-ring. A difference in the relative proportions of these two reaction sites for tannin and catechin has been noticed. The reactions appear to be dependent on the temperature. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, materials obtained from the reaction of tannin with TEP showed high thermal stability.

}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and J.P. MARIS and L. DELMOTTE and B. COLIN and Y. ROGAUME} } @article {1701, title = { New Closed- and Open-Cell, Aldehyde-Free Protein Foams }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {48-53}, abstract = {

New aldehyde-free and isocyanate-free biofoams have been obtained by reacting albumin chicken egg white and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The optimized formulations yielded lightweight foams whose densities were evaluated as 0.016-0.16 g/cm(3). Mechanical resistance was 0.023-0.34 MPa and residual pH nearly neutral. The new foams presented up to 57\% of closed cells as measured by helium pycnometry and good thermal insulation. These new natural foams are environmentally friendly materials and show very promising properties.

}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI} } @article {1702, title = { A novel fiber-veneer-laminated composite based on tannin resin }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {93}, year = {2017}, pages = {461-467}, abstract = {

Natural nonwoven fiber was impregnated with a tannin resin and laminated with wood veneer for preparation of laminated composites. The tannin resin used showed a good compatibility with the natural fiber, and was easy to assemble with the wood veneers. The tannin resin penetration into the wood veneer was observed by light microscopy. The laminated composite shows very good mechanical properties and water resistance. Shear force-displacement testing demonstrates that the laminated composite had a ductile behavior under wet testing conditions. The laminated composite was prepared using 100\% natural biorenewable raw materials and had good properties compared to conventional plywood bonded with synthetic resin.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599582}, author = {X. ZHOU and C. SEGOVIA and U.H. ABDULLAH and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {1703, title = { Optimization of Wood Welding Parameters for Australian Hardwood Species }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {12}, year = {2017}, pages = {1007-1014}, abstract = {

Optimal linear wood welding parameters along the end-grain-to-end-grain faces were determined for Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus pilularis, and Corymbia maculata. Joints made using Eucalyptus saligna showed a significant interaction between welding time ( WT), amplitude ( WA), and pressure ( WP). A preheating phase of 3 s at 0.4 MPa WP and 0.75 mm WA coupled with a WT of 2 s at 2.0 MPa WP and 1.5 mm WA provided the best shear strength results of 5.1 MPa. Joints made using Eucalyptus pilularis and Corymbia maculata snapped once the holding pressure was removed, suggesting that end-grain-to-end-grain welded fibers cannot withstand the thermal stresses generated when the surface to be welded is too small ( e. g., 13.5 cm(2)). However, grain orientation had a significant effect on the weld mechanical properties, as very strong edge-grain-to-edge-grain joints were produced with Eucalyptus pilularis and Corymbia maculata ( 9.5 and 6.2 MPa, respectively). The joints made of Eucalyptus saligna also showed significant improvement ( 7.3 MPa). Energy efficient combinations were usually those involving low WA and short WT, as WP had a marginal effect on energy consumption during the welding process.

}, author = {B. BELLEVILLE and S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI and B. OZARSKA} } @article {1690, title = { Polycondensation Resins by Flavonoid Tannins Reaction with Amines }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Reaction of a condensed flavonoid tannin, namely mimosa tannin extract with a hexamethylene diamine, has been investigated. For that purpose, catechin was also used as a flavonoid model compound and treated in similar conditions. Solid-state cross-polarisation/ magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectroscopy studies revealed that polycondensation compounds leading to resins were obtained by the reaction of the amines with the phenolic hydroxy groups of the tannin. Simultaneously, a second reaction leading to the formation of ionic bonds between the two groups occurred. These new reactions have been shown to clearly lead to the reaction of several phenolic hydroxyl groups, and flavonoid unit oligomerisation, to form hardened resins.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and L. DELMOTTE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1665, title = { Polycondensation Resins by Lignin Reaction with (Poly) amines }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {388-399}, abstract = {

The reaction of a desulphurized kraft lignin with hexamethylene diamine as a model of a polyamine has been investigated. For this purpose, guaiacol was also used as a lignin model compound and treated under similar conditions. Solid state CP-MAS C-13 NMR, FTIR and MALDI-TOF spectroscopy studies revealed that polycondensation compounds leading to resins were obtained by the reaction of the amines with the phenolic and aliphatic hydroxy groups of lignin. Simultaneously a second reaction leading to the formation of ionic bonds between the same groups occurred. These new reactions have been clearly shown to involve several phenolic and alcohol hydroxyl groups, as well as lignin units oligomerization, to form hardened resins.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and L. DELMOTTE and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1670, title = { Preparation and characterization of bio resin natural tannin/poly (vinylidene fluoride): A high dielectric performance nano-composite for electrical storage }, journal = { CHEMICAL PHYSICS }, volume = {494}, year = {2017}, pages = {61-71}, abstract = {

We have prepared films of polymer nano-composite (PNC) of poly [vinylidene-fluoride] (PVDF) and bio resin natural tannin (BRNT) nanoparticles. The a and gamma electro-active phases were detected, and the addition of BRNT drastically increases the formation of the alpha-phase. Addition of BRNT produces up to 98\% of electro-active phases. Robust electrostatic interactions arise between charges at the BRNT-surfaces, and differences in electron affinity between CH2 and CF2 groups created dielectric dipoles. The addition of BRNT has not only enhanced the formation of the electrically active phases but also makes each dipole in the phase has its specific characteristics for example its own relaxation time. The AC-electrical permittivity showed that the dielectric constant of 10\% wt-BRNT nanoparticles in PVDF has a value 44 epsilon(0), which is four times more than the dielectric constant of the as-prepared PVDF films. These data show the importance of these polymers as easy, flexible, and durable energy storage materials.

}, author = {S. ABDALLA and A. PIZZI and M.A. AL-GHAMDI and R. ALWAFI} } @article {1692, title = { Preparation and structural characterisation of model cellular vitreous carbon foams }, journal = {CARBON}, volume = {112}, year = {2017}, pages = {208-218}, abstract = {

The aim the present work was to produce carbon foams with as different as possible porous structures but with similar composition and carbon texture for studying precisely the influence of different structural parameters such as density, cell size or interconnectivity on the physical properties of these foams. Over 60 different cellular carbon foams were obtained by pyrolysis of phenolic-furanic rigid foams, whose structure was tailored through some changes in the formulations. The structures of all of these materials were thoroughly characterised through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray microtomography. Both methods proved to give very consistent results, justifying the use of the simpler one, i.e., SEM. Very broad ranges of bulk densities (0.015 \<= d \<= 0.333 g cm(-3)) and of average cell diameters (100 \<= D \<= 5000 mu m) were obtained. Despite these very different morphologies, elemental analysis, helium pycnometry and Raman spectroscopy studies showed that the carbon constituting the foams can be considered as identical. The results presented here should be used as a basis for the most thorough and extensive studies of physical properties of vitreous carbon foams.

}, author = {M. LETELLIER and A. SZCZUREK and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and O. FERRY and A. CELZARD} } @article {1684, title = { Renewable Polymeric Adhesives }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, author = {A. PIZZI} } @article {1689, title = { Stability analysis of tannin-based foams using multiple light-scattering measurements }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {87}, year = {2017}, pages = {318-330}, abstract = {

Liquid foams were prepared by whipping aqueous solutions based on natural polyphenols, surfactant and crosslinker. The destabilisation mechanisms of such thick, opaque and viscous liquid foams were investigated for the first time with a light-scattering detection method using an optical analyser. The technique allowed separating processes such as drainage, coalescence and coarsening, and sedimentation, so that each of them could be investigated independently as a function of whipping time, surfactant amount, and temperature. The corresponding average bubble diameters could also be determined as a function of time. It was shown that this kind of optical analysis is quite relevant for optimising formulations and foaming conditions with the aim of recovering rigid foams after polymerisation, having a given homogeneous structure that might be useful for various applications such as thermal insulation or acoustic absorption.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and S. LI and A. PASC and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1686, title = { Stability and combustion of metal nano-particles and their additive impact with diesel and biodiesel on engine efficiency: A comprehensive study }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY }, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Nano-fluids are described as a relatively new kind of colloidal solution with a particle size smaller than one billionth of a meter (1-100 nm) suspended in the base fluid so as to enhance the thermo-physical properties, which makes them an obvious choice for use in a number of commercial applications, including engineering, medical sciences, biotechnology, agriculture technology, and transportation. With the advancement in nanotechnology during the past few years, the scientific community focuses on improvising the combustion behavior, stability aspects, various engine performance parameters, and emission characteristics of conventional diesel engines using nano-particle laden diesel biodiesel fuel blends. Most recently, a few experimental works on the above issues using nano-sized metallic, non-metallic, organic, and mixed particles in the base liquid fuel for diesel engines have appeared in the open literature. The results obtained are very encouraging due to multifold enhancement in the thermo-physical and chemical properties of modified fuels, such as high surface to volume ratio, high reactive medium for combustion, enhanced heat and mass transport properties due to high thermal conductivity, and improvement in the flash point, fire point, pour point, etc., depending on the type of nano-particles used and their particle size and concentration with base fuels. Despite having all superiorities, somewhat unclear and contradictory results are found in the literature. Further, the experimental results of different researchers are not generalized so far as to reach a common consensus about this new approach of fuel modification. Keeping all these facts in mind, a serious attempt has been made to summarize important published work on combustion and stability aspects of nano-particle laden diesel, biodiesel fuels, and their blends and their overall effects on fuel and engine characteristics with the objective to provide a pathway to conduct further research in this area for utilizing the maximum potential of nanoparticle fuel emulsion technology and to provide a promising future fuel for diesel engines.

}, author = {S. ABDALLA and R. AL-WAFI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1696, title = { Study of the End-grain Butt Joints Obtained by Friction Welding of Moso Bamboo }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {12}, year = {2017}, pages = {6446-6457}, abstract = {

End-grain-to-end-grain welding has been the object of considerable study in the authors\&$\#$39; laboratory, but successful experiments have been hindered by wood defibration. End-grain butt joints obtained by friction welding with moso bamboo showed relatively good experimental results compared to beech, oak, and spruce. The average compression shear strength of the welded joints reached 5.81 MPa, and the departure of the bamboo fibers could not be observed during the welding process. A study of the microstructure of the welded surface revealed that during the welding process, hard vascular bundles within the fibers became prominent on the welded surface and acted similarly to a brush. These bundles dissipated lateral friction and protected the bamboo from cracking in the process.

}, author = {H.Y. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X.N. LU and Z.Q. WANG} } @article {1687, title = { Tannin-boron complex as a preservative for 3-ply beech plywoods designed for humid conditions }, journal = { HOLZFORSCHUNG }, volume = {71}, year = {2017}, pages = {249-258}, abstract = {

Boric acid (BA) effectively controls wood-rotting fungi and termite attack but is readily leached out in outdoor exposure. A newly developed tannin-boron (TB) complex has been investigated to reduce BA leaching and to preserve beech plywood from biological attack. Wood veneers were impregnated with different TB solutions and then bonded with a melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive for bond class 2 applications. The formation of a solid hydrophobic TB network on the veneer surfaces partially decreased the tensile shear strength of plywood but the prepared panels met the requirements for bond class 2. The plywood samples made from veneers treated with only BA solutions showed fair resistance against white rot fungus and termite attack, but the durability decreased even after mild leaching tests. The panels made of treated veneers with TB formulations showed instead a high resistance against biological attack after mild leaching and to some extent after severe leaching tests. This depended on the concentration of tannin and BA in the solutions. Favorable results were obtained with 20\% tannin in the formulation. The results of the termites feeding choice test were more positive than those obtained by a forced feeding test. The control samples were attacked faster and showed higher weight loss when alternative samples included TB formulations.

}, author = {D. EFHAMISISI and M.F. THEVENON and Y. HAMZEH and A. PIZZI and A. KARIMI and K. POURTAHMASI} } @article {1694, title = { Water resistance of natural joint of spruce produced by linear friction welding without any treatment }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL WOOD PRODUCTS JOURNAL }, volume = {8}, year = {2017}, pages = {201-207}, abstract = {

This research work showed that spruce wood can be butt welded in a short time end-grain to-end-grain without any treatment. Wood welding has already been shown to be well adapted to the manufacture of wood structures of larger dimensions. When pressure increased, the welded material formed is of higher density and consequently the water resistance improved. The welded spruce samples present a much improved water resistance when the welding pressure was increased from 2.75 MPa to 3.75 MPa for the same welding time of 6 s. The welded interphase in end-grain-to-end-grain butt welding of spruce appears to occur by the formation of an interphase having the appearance of finger-joints. This is due to the different behaviours of the late and early wood rings of spruce during welding. This, by increasing the surface of contact, is shown to improve the water resistance of the original butt joint.

}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI and B. BELLEVILLE and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1644, title = { Acid Ionic Liquids as a New Hardener in Urea-Glyoxal Adhesive Resins }, journal = { POLYMERS }, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

The effect of acidic ionic liquid (IL) as a new catalyst on the properties of wood-based panels bonded with urea-glyoxal (UG) resins was investigated. Different levels of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate ([HNMP] HSO4 (0, 1, 2, 3 wt \%)) were added to prepared UG resin. The resin was then used for preparing laboratory particleboard panels. Then, the properties of the prepared panels were evaluated. The structure of the prepared UG resin was studied by C-13 NMR, and thermal curing behavior of the resin before and after the addition of IL was measured by DSC. Additionally, the main oligomers formed in the UG reaction were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectroscopy. The results indicated that IL can be used as an efficient catalyst for UG resin. The physicochemical tests indicated that the addition of [HNMP] HSO4 from 0 to 3 wt \% decreased the pH value of the glue-mix, and the pH decreased on curing to the same level as urea-formaldehyde resins. The gel accelerated with increasing catalyst content and with the decreasing of the pH in the UG resin. The panels prepared with IL had higher mechanical strength and dimensional stability compared to those made from UG resins containing NH4Cl. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that the panels prepared with ionic liquid presented low porous. DSC analysis showed that the addition of IL to the UG resin decrease the energy of activation of the curing reaction to render possible cross-linking. The MALDI TOF results indicated a preponderant linearity of the oligomers formed, implying a high energy of activation of curing for UG resins.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01599588}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1641, title = { Analysis and Testing of Bisphenol A-Free Bio-Based Tannin Epoxy-Acrylic Adhesives }, journal = { POLYMERS }, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

A tannin-based epoxy acrylate resin was prepared from glycidyl ether tannin (GET) and acrylic acid. The influence of the reaction condition for producing tannin epoxy acrylate was studied by FT-MIR, C-13-NMR, MALDI-TOF spectroscopy and shear strength. The best reaction conditions for producing tannin epoxy acrylate resin without bisphenol A was by reaction between GET and acrylic acid in the presence of a catalyst and hydroquinone at 95 degrees C for 12 h. FT-MIR, C-13-NMR and MALDI-TOF analysis have confirmed that the resin has been prepared under these conditions. The joints bonded with this resin were tested for block shear strength. The results obtained indicated that the best strength performance was obtained by the bioepoxy-acrylate adhesive resin prepared at 95 degrees C for a 12-h reaction.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01599584}, author = {S. JAHANSHAHI and A. PIZZI and A. ABDULKHANI and A. SHAKERI} } @article {1625, title = { Automotive brake pads made with a bioresin matrix }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {85}, year = {2016}, pages = {372-381}, abstract = {

By using biosourced raw materials such as condensed tannins and furfuryl alcohol a biosourced thermoset resin was developed and used and tested for a new application: as a resin matrix of automotive brake pads. The manufacturing procedure developed is particularly easy. Automotive brake pads based on this green resin were characterized and showed excellent braking properties and wear resistance when used under real car, full scale test conditions. Their mechanical resistance was found to be comparable to that of commercial automotive brake pads bonded with synthetic phenolic resins. They tolerated well the severe stresses induced by a strong braking like an emergency braking: 50 km/h (31 mph) until complete standstill and showed braking distances comparable or shorter than commercial brake pads.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599596}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and L. HAI and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and L. DELMOTTE and S. ABDALLA and A. ZAHED and F.M. AL-MARZOUKI} } @article {1648, title = { Characterization of Merbau Wood Extract Used as an Adhesive in Glued Laminated Lumber }, journal = { FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL }, volume = {66}, year = {2016}, pages = {313-318}, abstract = {

Polyphenolic chemical compounds were extracted from merbau (Intsia spp.) wood with an aqueous medium at a 1:4 ratio (wt/wt) heated to 80 degrees C for 3 hours. The extracted compounds were characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight spectrometry and included oligomers with up to six repeating flavonoid units, with resorcinol being the dominant compound paired with a minor amount of catechin units. The extract had a Stiasny number of 92.4 percent. The extract was combined with formaldehyde to produce a resin that was used to manufacture five-layer glued laminated lumber using four wood species, namely, pangsor (Ficus callosa), mindi (Melia azedarach), pine (Pinus merkusii), and mangium (Acacia mangium). The modulus of rupture and shear strength of mangium glued laminated lumber met the requirements of the Japanese standard (\"Japanese Agricultural Standard for Structural Glued Laminated Timber,\" 2003), and all products had a low formaldehyde emission.

}, author = {A. SANTOSO and Y.S. HADI and A. PIZZI and M.C. LAGEL} } @article {1623, title = { The chemical, kinetic and mechanical characterization of tannin-based adhesives with different crosslinking systems }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {68}, year = {2016}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {

Network formation, cure characteristics and bonding performance of tannin-based resins were investigated in order to establish structure-property relationships between the stage B and stage C. Tannin-aldehyde and base-catalyzed autocondensed tannin resins were synthesized and characterized for molecular weight distribution, cure kinetics and cure chemistry by means of GPC, DMA and C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and solvent stability tests. The resins performance as wood adhesives was further established from lap-shear tests and microscopic observation of the bondline. Resins prepared with highly reactive aldehydes, such as formaldehyde or glyoxal, exhibited a significant extent of hetero-condensation reactions, fast cure kinetics, a high storage modulus and good solvent stability of the stage C-resin. In contrast, resins prepared with bulky aldehydes of low reactivity, such as citral, were dominated by autocondensation reactions, and exhibited slower cure kinetics, a lower storage modulus and solvent-stability of the stage C-resin, alike those neat autocondensed tannin resins. However, all resin systems fulfilled the standard requirements for wood adhesive bonding for interior applications. Additionally, storage modulus increase during cure was found to be a good predictor of the stiffness of the wood-bonded assembly, useful to discriminate between the autocondensation and heterocondensation cure chemistries.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01599534}, author = {R. BOHM and M. HAUPTMANN and A. PIZZI and C. FRIEDRICH and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1638, title = { Evaluating mold growth in tannin-resin and flax fiber biocomposites }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {83}, year = {2016}, pages = {438-443}, abstract = {

Flax fiber is an industrially available, renewable product with attractive technical properties for the composite industry such as density, mechanical strength and sound/heat insulation. Applications are developing quickly for biocomposites based on these fibers. However, unlike plastics, there is no standard used to assess its degree of contamination by microorganisms. Thus, the aims of this work were to detect and quantify molds in samples of nonwoven fibrous materials from industry and high resin content natural matrix-natural fiber biocomposites. In a first attempt, we tried to evaluate the fungal development on the nonwoven materials as defined in the ISO 846 standard. Despite the materials having been inoculated with molds, no fungal mycelium could be detected by this way. To validate this observation, we developed a qualitative approach based on the specific aniline blue method to stain the mycelium present in the material. This allowed us to detect the mold occurrence in the material and to evaluate the colonization extent on the nonwoven fibrous materials incubated under different conditions. The biocide efficiency of a boric acid pretreatment of flax fibers used in the manufacturing process of nonwoven fibrous materials and high resin content natural matrix-natural fiber biocomposites was determined by grading the mold development using the microscope-based method that we developed. The results showed clearly that in optimal mold growth conditions, (Aw \> 0.6, 26 degrees C) the colonization of the material was hampered by the boric acid pretreatment of the flax fibers. To get semi-quantitative data of the colonization extent, we used a molecular method. DNA was extracted from the different materials and the ribosomal region of the fungal DNA was amplified by PCR allowing the detection and the quantification of fungal colonization in the biosourced material. Results confirmed the microscopy-based method. Work is currently in progress to determine risk classes of mold colonization in wood-derived and fibrous-based composite materials.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598422}, author = {C. SEGOVIA and A. SAUGET and A. BESSERER and R. KUENY and A. PIZZI} } @article {1622, title = { Ground plant meal potential market, functional properties and applications }, journal = { OCL-OILSEEDS AND FATS CROPS AND LIPIDS }, volume = {23}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

The growing demand of bio-sourced products leads to an increasing interest for the development of new resources of raw materials. In order to generate a higher economic value in the oleoproteaginous sector, meals, co-products of oil extraction present qualities capable of being exploited in a wide range of sectors. These meals are mainly commercialized in feed application, but remain relatively weak used in the chemistry domain or even in food. To enlarge these applications, the pre-treatment of the raw material by grinding and air-classification offers technological outlooks for the conception of new extraction processes of interesting components. The present publication has the following goal: to examine the diversification of oleoproteaginous meal market, out of traditional usage in the chemistry domain; to characterize the meals chemical composition and their techno-functional properties; to evaluate the feasibility of valorizing these meals and their derivatives as substitutes or additives allowing the reduction of the level in petro-chemical product, for example, for the production of adhesive formulations for particle boards. To achieve this, different actions have been performed: evaluation of the potential and accessible market starting from metropolitan crops; analysis of the panorama of intellectual property for the identified markets; chemical characterization of ground plant meals and their soluble and insoluble fractions; applicability of the different obtained fractions, in terms of foaming power, emulsifier and gelifier; first application tests starting from rapeseed and sunflower meals in the wood panel board domain. The obtained results have allowed: to draw up a map of the inventive activity bound to the valorization of proteins from rapeseed, sunflower and soy meals and pea flour in various applications, highlighting the dynamism and the growing interest for industrials and academics to use oleo-proteaginous plant proteins; to explore techno-functional properties brought by these plant meals and their derivatives, in particular in the wood panel domain.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01599499}, author = {A. MOREL and N. MANTRAND and S. BELAID and M. LOPEZ and D. CHEREAU and C. DEMAILLE and S. PAILLER and F. VALTER and O. GALET and J. GUEGUEN and R. KAPEL and A. PIZZI and F. GARRIGUE} } @article {1614, title = { Horticultural/hydroponics and floral natural foams from tannins }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {87}, year = {2016}, pages = {177-181}, abstract = {

New formaldehyde-free Quebracho tannin foams were developed for horticultural/hydroponics and floral applications. These foams included in their composition a wetting agent and at least one compound able to neutralize the residual acidity derived from acid catalyst. Their densities were between 0.048 and 0.066 g/cm(3) and compression strength, between 0.07 and 0.09 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed open porosity and average cell size of 125-250 mu m. Water absorption peaked at 98\% (vol) while residual pH value was 5. The new tannin foams do not result to be phytotoxic and are apt to the conservation of fresh cut flowers and as support matrices for horticulture and hydroponics. They have shown performances comparable or superior to commercial synthetic phenolic floral foam used as reference.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01599593}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and F. AL-MARZOUKI and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1595, title = { Hydrophobisation of tannin-based foams by covalent grafting of silanes }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {92}, year = {2016}, pages = {116-126}, abstract = {

Thermally insulating foams based on Mimosa bark extracts (Acacia Meansii) were hydrophobised with the aim of decreasing their sensitivity to moisture. Two different formulations leading to rigid foams presenting similar porosity were prepared, and were covalently grafted with three kinds of organosilanes. Non-treated and hydrophobised samples were all thoroughly characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and corresponding surface energy calculations, water sorption and thermal conductivity studies. Hydrophobisation produced a significant repellence towards liquid water but did not prevent water vapour sorption. Water uptake, however, was limited compared to the non-treated materials. As a result, the increase of thermal conductivity at high relative humidity was lower after hydrophobisation.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01394526}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M. LETELLIER and V. FIERRO and H. CHAPUIS and C. GERARDIN and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1619, title = { Improving Water Repellence and Friability of Tannin-Furanic Foams by Oil-Grafted Flavonoid Tannins }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {11}, year = {2016}, pages = {7754-7768}, abstract = {

Tannin-furanic biobased foams, based on the co-reaction of bark-derived condensed tannins and thermoset furanic polymers, have low thermal conductivity, are self-extinguishing, and have high fire resistance, which allows their development for several industrial uses. One of their main drawbacks, however, is the absorption of water within the foam itself. Another problem is the rather friable surface, which is a definite drawback for some potential applications. In this work, these two problems are minimized or eliminated by introducing a component of oil-grafted tannin in the foam formulation. The incorporation of fatty chains markedly decreased foam friability and increased water repellency in the body of the foams. These properties and the compounds formed by fatty acids grafting onto the tannin flavonoids were extensively tested.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599595}, author = {G. RANGEL and H. CHAPUIS and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and C. GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER} } @article {1636, title = { In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Melanoma Effects of Pituranthos tortuosus Essential Oil Via Inhibition of FAK and Src Activities }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY }, volume = {117}, year = {2016}, pages = {1167-1175}, abstract = {

A large number of plants used in traditional medicines have been shown to possess antitumor activities. The aims of this study were to evaluate any anticancer effect of the essential oil (EO) extracted from P. tortuosus against B16F10 melanoma cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo. In vitro, EO was shown to induce apoptosis and to inhibit migration and invasion processes. Further investigation revealed that EO decreased focal adhesion and invadopodia formation which was accompanied by a drastic downregulation of FAK, Src, ERK, p130Cas and paxillin. Moreover, EO treatment decreased the expression level of p190RhoGAP, and Grb2, which impair cell migration and actin assembly. Mice bearing the melanoma cells were used to confirm any in vivo effectiveness of the EO as an anti-tumor promoting agent. In mice dosed with 100 mg EO/kg/d (for 27 days), tumor weight was inhibited by 98\% compared to that in mice that did not receive the product. In conclusion, these data suggested to us that an EO of P. tortuosus could evolve to be a potential medicinal resource for use in the treatment of cancers.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598421}, author = {M. KRIFA and S.E. EL-MESHRI and N. BENTOUATI and A. PIZZI and E. SICK and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA and P. RONDE} } @article {1635, title = { Induced Tannin Adhesive by Boric Acid Addition and Its Effect on Bonding Quality and Biological Performance of Poplar Plywood }, journal = { ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY \& ENGINEERING }, volume = {4}, year = {2016}, pages = {2734-2740}, abstract = {

Quebracho tannin wood adhesive in a non formaldehyde approach has a low hardening rate and needs more pressing time than formaldehyde-based wood adhesives during wood composites production. In this study, boric acid (BA) was used to increase autocondensation rate of tannin to make poplar plywood. The main ingredients of the adhesives included quebracho tannin, NaOH, hexamine, BA and polymeric isocyanate (PMDI). Thermomechanical analysis of without BA adhesives showed that maximum modulus of elasticity increased with increasing the initial tannin concentration from 40\% to 50\% (w/w), whereas no significant effect has been found by adding PMDI. Moreover, the addition of BA lowered time and temperature of hardening and increased modulus of elasticity of the adhesive. Also, tensile shear strength increased significantly with increasing the tannin concentration and the BA content (from 2\% to 4\%). Interestingly, applied BA in the glueline not only improved bonding quality of the panels but also provided good preservative performance against fungal attack even after mild leaching test.

}, author = {D. EFHAMISISI and M.F. THEVENON and Y. HAMZEH and A.N. KARIMI and A. PIZZI and K. POURTAHMASI} } @article {1605, title = { Lignin-derived non-toxic aldehydes for ecofriendly tannin adhesives for wood panels }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {70}, year = {2016}, pages = {239-248}, abstract = {

An adhesive based on the reaction of a very fast reacting procyanidin-type condensed tannin, namely purified pine bark tannin, and food-grade non-toxic slow-reacting aldehydes derived from lignin was shown to satisfy well the relevant standards for bonding wood particleboard. Vanillin and a dialdehyde derivative of vanillin were the aldehydes used. The oligomers obtained and their distribution have been determined by matrix assisted laser ionization desorption time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for the reactions with catechin used as a model compound and with the pine tannin itself, and by cross polarization magic angle spinning C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP MAS C-13 NMR) for the reaction with pine tannin.

}, author = {F. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and G. FOYER and A. PIZZI and S. CAILLOL and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1637, title = { MALDI-TOF, C-13 NMR and FT-MIR analysis and strength characterization of glycidyl ether tannin epoxy resins }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {83}, year = {2016}, pages = {177-185}, abstract = {

The chemical modification of tannin through epoxidation is a way to develop new applications for tannins and to improve tannin resins performances. In this paper the influence of reaction conditions was studied. Commercial tannin bark extract was epoxidized. The resulting products were characterized by FT-IR Spectroscopy, C-13 NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Tannin epoxidation has been confirmed by C-13 NMR and FT-MIR. Wood specimens were bonded with mixed diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and glycidyl ether tannin (GET) epoxy resin formulations. The bonded joints were tested for block shear strength. The results obtained indicated that such formulations, based on up to 75\% commercial natural materials are capable of satisfying the shear strength requirements of relevant international standards.

}, author = {S. JAHANSHAHI and A. PIZZI and A. ABDULKHANI and K. DOOSTHOSEINI and A. SHAKERI and M.C. LAGEL and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1615, title = { Mild hydroxypropylation of polyflavonoids obtained under pilot-plant scale }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {87}, year = {2016}, pages = {350-362}, abstract = {

Condensed tannins from pine (Pinus radiata), mimosa (Acacia mearnsii), and quebracho (Schinopsis lorenzii) were modified with propylene oxide (PO) via a mild derivatization (20 degrees C, 24 h). The hydroxypropylation to three PO/C-15 ratio (1, 2, 3) produced polyphenolic derivatives in reasonable yields (60-90\%). Evidense of modification was described by functional group analysis, and tannin biological properties (binding-, and antioxidant-capacity). Isolated products were characterized by physicochemical methods (solubility test, molecular weight distribution, and thermal analysis). H-1 NMR provided evidence of strong structure-properties relationship in function of the A-ring type, and C -\> C linkage features. Pine tannin fractions exhibited the best PO-uptake. Acetoxy signal intensity of acetylated derivatives revealed that mimosa and quebracho tannins are less reactive polyflavonoids toward hydroxypropylation at room temperature. Thermal behavior, solubility, and antioxidant-, and binding-capacity were affected by the modification. However, pine tannins behavior differ from those highly purified polyflavonoids.

}, author = {D.E. GARCIA and C.A. FUENTEALBA and J.P. SALAZAR and M.A. PEREZ and D. ESCOBAR and A. PIZZI} } @article {1653, title = { Modification of condensed tannins: from polyphenol chemistry to materials engineering }, journal = { NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY }, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {36-49}, abstract = {

Condensed tannins (CTs) are high molar mass polyphenolic bio-polymers based on flavonol units. CTs have been well-studied due to their respective biological activity. However, the application of CTs in several areas is limited because of their physicochemical properties. The objective of this review is to investigate the state of the art regarding the chemical modification of CTs, and to outline recent and potential applications of tannin derivatives. An overview of the most important reactions is given, and a comprehensive summary of the experimental parameters for modification (chemicals, time, temperature, solvent type, and yield) is presented. The impact of the modification on the physicochemical properties of derivatives in comparison to native tannin behavior is discussed. Finally, the applicability of modified or unmodified CTs is described, referring to academic articles and patents. Future research in terms of modification reaction type, as well as derivatizing agents, is discussed.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599784}, author = {D.E. GARCIA and W.G. GLASSER and A. PIZZI and S.P. PACZKOWSKI and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1654, title = { Reduction of Formaldehyde Emission from Particleboard by Phenolated Kraft Lignin }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {92}, year = {2016}, pages = {485-497}, abstract = {

The aim of this study was the reduction of formaldehyde emission from particleboard by phenolated Kraft lignin. For this purpose, the lignin was extracted from black liquor and then modified by phenolation. During the urea formaldehyde (UF) resin synthesis different proportions of unmodified and phenolated Kraft lignins (10\%, 15\%, and 20\%) were added at pH = 7 instead of the second urea. Physicochemical properties and structural changes of resins so prepared, as well as the internal bond (IB) strength and formaldehyde emission associated with the panels bonded with them were measured according to standard methods. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of lignin indicated that the content of O-H bonds increased in phenolated lignin while the aliphatic ethers C-O bonds decreased markedly in the modified lignin. Since both synthesis of UF resins and lignin phenolation are carried out under acid conditions, phenolation is an interesting way of modifying lignin for use in wood adhesive. The panels bonded with these resins showed significantly lower formaldehyde emission compared to commercial UF adhesives. The UF resin with 20\% phenolated lignin exhibited less formaldehyde release without significant differences in internal bond strength and physicochemical properties compared to an unmodified UF resin. XRD analysis results indicated that addition of phenolated lignin decreased the crystallinity of the hardened UF resins.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01599783}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI and G. NIYATZADE} } @article {1621, title = { Spectroscopy analysis of phenolic and sugar patterns in a food grade chestnut tannin }, journal = { FOOD CHEMISTRY }, volume = {203}, year = {2016}, pages = {425-429}, abstract = {

Tannin of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood, commonly used in winemaking was characterised with a spectroscopy qualitative approach that revealed its phenolic composition: several vibrational diagnostic bands assigned using the Attenuated Total Reflectance-Infrared Spectroscopy, and fragmentation patterns obtained using the Laser-Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight technique evidenced polygalloylglucose, e.g. castalagin/vescalagin-like structures as the most representative molecules, together with sugar moieties. The implication of these findings on winemaking application and the potential influence of the chemical structure on the sensory properties of wine are discussed.

}, author = {A. RICCI and M.C. LAGEL and G.P. PARPINELLO and A. PIZZI and P.A. KILMARTIN and A. VERSARI} } @article {1634, title = { Structure and properties of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-tannin polyHIPEs }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {78}, year = {2016}, pages = {195-212}, abstract = {

The synthesis and the properties of the first polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) derived from co-reacted tannin and furfuryl alcohol resin, are reported in this paper. Such highly porous thermoset polymers were obtained by emulsion-templating in the form of strong monoliths, using 70 vol\% of cyclohexane as the internal phase. The volatility of the latter made the preparation process very simple, not requiring the usual long washing steps encountered in the synthesis of most polyHIPEs. The structure of these new materials was investigated by different techniques as a function of the amount of surfactant in the initial formulation. The pore sizes exhibited clear trends that were explained. The materials were found to be interesting thermal insulators whereas presenting outstanding mechanical properties, among the highest ever reported for porous polymers.

}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and M. THEBAULT and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1645, title = { Study of the solubility and composition of welded wood material at progressive welding times }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {74}, year = {2016}, pages = {191-201}, abstract = {

The solubility in water and carbohydrates/lignin composition after hydrolysis of wood welded by linear friction welding was studied. Welded beech (WB) and welded spruce (WS) were analyzed at welding times (Wt) of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 s, and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 s, respectively. Scratched welded material was first extracted in water, dried, cryo-milled, and then hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid. Maximal percentages of solids dissolved in water were 17.7 and 10 for WB and WS and 2.2 and 1.4 for un-welded beech and spruce, respectively. Among water extracts, lignin, mono-oligosaccharides, acetic acid, vanillin, furfural, 5 hydroxymethylfurfural (5HMF), and syringaldehyde were quantified. Maximal percentages of water soluble lignin in WB and WS were 5 and 3.6, respectively; molecular weight and polydispersity were also determined. Regarding carbohydrates in the water extracts, a maximum of 1.4 \% oligosaccharides in WB and 1 \% monosaccharides in WS were detected. After hydrolysis, an increase in the amount of Klason lignin and a progressive diminution of some sugars take place at consecutive Wt of WB and WS. This study allows explaining to a good extent the behavior of welded joints face to liquid water. Moreover, the degradation of certain wood components is clearly presented.

}, author = {M.I.P. PENA and A.L. DEUTSCHLE and B. SAAKE and A. PIZZI and F. PICHELIN} } @article {1640, title = { THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ANNINGRE TANNIN RESIN }, journal = { MADERAS-CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA }, volume = {18}, year = {2016}, pages = {245-252}, abstract = {

Three formulations of aningre tannin resins containing in order the paraformaldehyde powder, hexamethylenetetramine and aqueous glyoxal as hardeners were developed. Their thermogravimetric analysis have shown that they begin to decompose respectively from 135 degrees C, 145 degrees C and 140 degrees C. About 24\%, 40\% and 39\% solid residues of their initial masses exist at the end of the analysis. Thermomechanical analysis has shown that the formulation containing paraformaldehyde powder as hardener has the best rigidity and the worst contains the hexamethylenetetramine. All formulations have different thermal degradation, differences were more significant between 400 and 900 degrees C. The decomposition of hardeners become more significant from 400 degrees C.

}, author = {N. KONAI and D. RAIDANDI and A. PIZZI and P. GIRODS and M.C. LAGEL and M. KPLE} } @article {1647, title = { Wood products and green chemistry }, journal = { ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE }, volume = {73}, year = {2016}, pages = {185-203}, abstract = {

This review addresses (1) the elimination of toxic aldehydes from the most common wood panel adhesive, the one based on urea, itself a natural product, (2) biosourced adhesives derived from wood or other vegetable matter and used for wood products, and (3) wood and bark tannin-based foams, natural fiber composites using tannin matrices, paper surface laminates and continuous high-pressure paper laminates using tannin-furanics, hard plastics based on tannin-furanic materials and some of their applications, flexible biosourced tannin-furanic films, and biosourced wood preservatives.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01284230}, author = {A. PIZZI} } @article {1390, title = { Analysis of Valonia Oak (Quercus aegylops) Acorn Tannin and Wood Adhesives Application }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {7165-7177}, abstract = {

The coupling of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry with C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a suitable method for examining the composition of hydrolysable tannins and has been applied to the investigation of valonia oak (Quercus aegylops) acorn tannin extract. Such methods can determine the extract\&$\#$39;s structural aspects and other characteristics. It was determined that valonia oak acorn tannin extract is composed of mainly pentagalloylglucose structures; their rearrangement structures, vescalagin/castalagin (with linkages to flavogallonic acid) and vescalin/castalin; ellagic acid and vescavaloneic/castavaloneic acid; and free gallic acid and glucose. Traces of catechin gallate were also observed in this tannin extract. The tannin from acorns of valonia oak was used to substitute up to 50\% of the phenol used in the preparation of phenolic resins as adhesives for wood particleboard. These phenol-tannin-formaldehyde resins showed comparable performance to phenol-formaldehyde resins.

}, author = {S. ABDALLA and A. PIZZI and F. BAHABRI and A. GANASH} } @article {1401, title = {Aningre tannin extract characterisation and performance as an adhesive resin}, journal = {Ind. Crop. Prod}, volume = { 77}, year = {2015}, pages = {225{\textendash}231 }, author = {N. KONAI and A. PIZZI and D. RAIDANDI and M.C. LAGEL and C. L{\textquoteright}HOSTIS and C. SAIDOU and A. HAMIDO and S. ABDALLA and F. BAHABRI and A. GANASH} } @article {1549, title = { Biobased foams from condensed tannin extracts from Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, pages = {144-153}, abstract = {

Different kinds of tannin-based foams were developed in the recent past with fisetinidin/robetinidin-type tannins extracted from mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) or quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzi) bark; or procyanidin-type tannins from pine (Pious pinaster and Pinus radiata). These biobased porous products revealed excellent properties similar to their synthetic counterparts in many applications. Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark is another large potential source of procyanidin-type tannins. In this study rigid and homogeneous foams were produced from purified tannins containing at least 80\% of polyflavonoid condensed tannins. This paper deals with the study of spruce tannins reactivity for rigid foam formulations. Characterization results have point out their very good mechanical resistance (sigma \> 0.08 MPa), and low thermal conductivities (lambda \< 0.045 W/m/K) at low densities (d \< 50kg/m3).

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294580}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M. COP and K. KEMPPAINEN and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and M.P. LABORIE and M. SERNEK and A. CELZARD} } @article {1592, title = { Characterization of sumac (Rhus tripartitum) root barks tannin for a potential use in wood adhesives formulation }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {49}, year = {2015}, pages = {205-221}, abstract = {

The phenolic composition of sumac root barks was studied. Colorimetric assays, FT-IR and NMR were used to examine the phenolic composition and tannins nature. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to examine the structure of the tannin oligomers. TGA analysis was used to study the thermal stability of sumac tannin extract. Analyzes showed that sumac root barks are rich in condensed tannins, especially procyanidin and prodelphinidin types. Flavonoid oligomers of dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers and hexamers kind were detected in MALDI-TOF-positive ion mode analysis. TGA analysis showed thermal stability of sumac tannins compared to other condensed tannin types and pomegranate hydrolyzable tannins.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02009673}, author = {S. BEN-MAHMOUD and H. SAAD and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and N. AYED and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1560, title = { Characterization of the curing process of mixed pine and spruce tannin-based foams by different methods }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {69}, year = {2015}, pages = {29-37}, abstract = {

Dielectric analysis, rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used in this study to analyse the curing process of tannin-based foams using mixture of maritime pine and Norway spruce tannins. The amounts of blowing agent (pentane) and catalyst (para-toluene sulphonic acid) were varied with the aim of monitoring the changes in the curing processes of foams.

A thermal analysis carried out by differential scanning calorimetry revealed an almost finished reaction at the time of the peak temperature, occurring from the reaction of foaming, whereas conversion results derived from dielectric analysis and rheological tests indicated that curing process began after the occurrence of maximum temperature. With increased catalyst concentration, the start of curing process was accelerated, while a raised amount of pentane delayed the curing process. The curing process of the tannin-based foams was divided into three characteristic phases: the induction phase, the expansion phase, and the structure-strengthening phase.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598441}, author = {M. COP and B. GOSPODARIC and K. KEMPPAINEN and S. GIOVANDO and M.P. LABORIE and A. PIZZI and M. SERNEK} } @article {1561, title = { Comparison of the impact of different extraction methods on polyphenols yields and tannins extracted from Moroccan Acacia mollissima barks }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {70}, year = {2015}, pages = {245-252}, abstract = {

The performance of three techniques, conventional maceration at room temperature, infusion and microwave assisted extraction, was evaluated to extract polyphenols, condensed and hydrolysable tannins from Moroccan barks of Acacia mollissima. A comparison of these methods was performed using colorimetric assays. For each technique, the effect of extraction conditions on the yield extracts was evaluated. The variables studied are: solvent nature, barks ages, time extraction, power extraction and heat interaction with solvent nature and barks ages. This study proved that the choice of solvent extraction was a relation of the extraction method used and the extractible nature (polyphenols, condensed or hydrolysable tannins). Methanol was the best solvent to extract tannin and polyphenols using maceration at room temperature, and ethanol was the best for infusion at 60 degrees C. Microwave was more selective to extract polyphenols and tannins under extraction solvent used. Highest polyphenols contents was obtained using methanol. For condensed and hydrolysable tannins, the highest were obtained using water. The polyphenols contents extracted using maceration was closed to the yield obtained with microwave, 354 mg GAE/g bark, 442 mg GAE/g bark, respectively. This study proved the pertinence of traditional methods to extract polyphenols and tannins compared to the new extraction method (microwave). The best polyphenols yields, condensed and hydrolysable tannins were obtained by microwave followed by the yield obtained by maceration and finally the yield obtained by infusion.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01595994}, author = {R. NAIMA and M. OUMAM and H. HANNACHE and A. SESBOU and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and F.C. EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1572, title = { Cutting and grinding wheels for angle grinders with a bioresin matrix }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {264-269}, abstract = {

By using biosourced raw materials such as condensed tannins and furfuryl alcohol a biosourced thermoset resin was developed and used and tested for a new application: as a resin matrix of solid grinding wheels for angle grinders. The manufacturing procedure developed is particularly easy. Cutting and grinding discs based on this green resin were used for bonding different sizes of abrasive particles of aluminium trioxide. These discs were characterized and showed excellent abrasiveness and cutting properties. Their mechanical resistance was found to be comparable to that of commercial grinding discs bonded with synthetic phenolic resins. They tolerated well the severe stresses induced on them at 11,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) by operation in an angle grinder when grinding or cutting steel.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598432}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and J. ZHANG and A. PIZZI} } @article {1577, title = { Development and characterization of abrasive grinding wheels with a tannin-furanic resins matrix }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {65}, year = {2015}, pages = {343-348}, abstract = {

A 100\% biosourced thermoset material based on condensed tannin-furanic thermoset resins, thus using biosourced raw materials, has been used as the resin matrix of solid grinding wheels. Moreover, this new thermoset material is produced by a simple process, which can be easily industrialized. Grinding wheels based on this resin bonding different mineral and organic abrasive powders were developed and characterized. These grinding wheels show excellent abrasiveness properties when compared to a commercial grinding wheel.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01597078}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1542, title = {The effect of the composition of spruce and pine tannin-based foams on their physical, morphological and compression properties}, journal = {INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS}, volume = {74}, year = {2015}, pages = {158-164}, abstract = {

Tannin-based foams were successfully prepared, using Norway spruce and maritime pine tannins. Various parameters, including the amount of procyanidins, were varied in order to observe the effect of changes in the density of the foam, on the structure its pores, and on the homogeneity, compressive strength, and compressive modulus of the foams. It was found that an optimum amount of spruce tannin exists, which results in a foam with the lowest density whereas the amount of cross-linker affects homogeneity, and the foam morphology is defined by the surfactant A partial replacement of pine tannin with spruce tannin decreased the foaming temperature and led to decreased compressive strength and a decreased compressive modulus of the foams. The main attribute affecting the reaction was the amount of polyphenols, or the amount of impurities (cellulosic sugars) present in the tannin extract.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01599795}, author = {M. COP and C. LACOSTE and M. CONRADI and M.P. LABORIE and A. PIZZI and M. SERNEK} } @article {1558, title = { First Tools for Tannin-Furanic Foams Design }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {5233-5241}, abstract = {

Formaldehyde-free quebracho tannin foams were prepared for the first time. Several simple formulations have been presented in order to study the capital influence of each component on foaming and therefore on the characteristics of the obtained foams. Incorporation of a non-ionic surfactant leads to smaller cells and a more homogeneous cell size distribution. Cross-linking agents improve the mechanical properties of foams. A combination of different catalysts allows control of the ratio between the expansion/hardening processes. The understanding of the roles and interactions of the different components of formulation make possible the design of tannin foams having specific properties.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294586}, author = {M.C. BASSO and M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1570, title = { Flavonoid tannins linked to long carbohydrate chains - MALDI-TOF analysis of the tannin extract of the African locust bean shells }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {25-32}, abstract = {

Nere (Parkia biglobosa) or African locust bean tree tannins have been extracted in two different ways: (i) by an artisanal maceration method and (ii) by a commercial-like extraction in presence of bisulfite. The type of oligomers obtained in the two cases were rather different. Mostly polyphenolic oligomers are present in the case of the commercial like extraction, while for the artisanal maceration technique the unusual presence of long carbohydrate residues attached to the flavonoids were obtained. MALDI-TOF analysis showed short flavonoid oligomers linked to chains presenting up to 22 carbohydrate residues. Some stilbenes were also noticed in the extracts. These differences in the extracts obtained by different methods indicates that an extraction procedure needs to be chosen according to the final use the tannin extract is destined to.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598433}, author = {S. DROVOU and A. PIZZI and C. LACOSTE and J.Z. ZHANG and S. ABDULLA and F.M. EL-MARZOUKI} } @article {1567, title = { Formaldehyde-Free Prorobitenidin/Profi setinidin Tannin/Furanic Foams Based on Alternative Aldehydes: Glyoxal and Glutaraldehyde }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, pages = {142-150}, abstract = {

Tannin/furanic foams, typically 95\% composed of materials of natural origin such as prorobinetinidin/profisetinidin tannins and furfuryl alcohol, are potential alternatives to oil-based synthetic foams such as phenol-formaldehyde, and polyurethane foams. This article describes the development of second generation tannin/furanic foams, which are not only formaldehyde free, but also use nonvolatile, nontoxic aldehydes. Both glyoxal and glutaraldehyde were tried to substitute formaldehyde in tannin/furanic foams. The physical properties of these new foams are described and discussed. It was found that glutaraldehyde can totally substitute formaldehyde during tannin/furanic foam preparation, but that glyoxal cannot. The optimized proportion to prepare such new foams is tannin: glutaraldehyde = 30:4 by weight. Formaldehyde-free glutaraldehyde-containing foams are open-celled and present good compression resistance and high thermal insulation.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294584}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1389, title = {Furanic copolymers with synthetic and natural phenolic materials for wood adhesives - a MALDI TOF study}, journal = {Maderas-Cienc Tecnol}, year = {2015}, month = { 17/2015}, pages = {99 - 104}, author = {S. ABDALLA and A. PIZZI and F. BAHABRY and A. GANASH} } @article {1573, title = { High surface - Highly N-doped carbons from hydrothermally treated tannin }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {66}, year = {2015}, pages = {282-290}, abstract = {

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NCMs) were obtained by amination of tannin by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). NCMs presented different morphologies depending on the amination method: (i) powders by HTC of tannin in a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution; (ii) gels without using any crosslinker by HTC in distilled water of tannin first dissolved in concentrated ammonia and then evaporated. Whatever the method, (i) or (ii), HTC was carried out at different temperatures: 180, 190, 200, 210 or 220 degrees C, with further pyrolysis at 900 degrees C under nitrogen. The morphology and chemical composition of the resultant materials were discussed. We compared our results with those reported in the open literature and we concluded that HTC of tannin in a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution allowed obtaining outstanding materials because they have both surface areas, higher than 500 m(2) g(-1), and high N content, around 8 wt.\%.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294754}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and P. FIOUX and A. CELZARD} } @article {1565, title = { Hydroxypropyl tannin from Pinus pinaster bark as polyol source in urethane chemistry }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {152-165}, abstract = {

Novel thermosetting polyphenol-based polyurethane (PU) films were prepared using condensed tannin (CTs) and hydroxypropyl tannin derivatives (HPTs) from Pinus pinaster bark and diisocyanates. Four HPTs with a degree of substitution (DS) rising stepwise from 1 to 4 were crosslinked with either an aromatic (polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI)) or an aliphatic isocyanate (hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)). Chemical structure, moisture sorption, thermal, and morphological properties of the films were studied. Properties varies with NCO:OH ratio (0.5-4.0), DS, diisocyanate type, and cross-link density (CD). Partial tannin hydroxypropylation (DS 2, 3) based/films showed a flexible-type character in term of Young\&$\#$39;s modulus, elongation and tensile strain. Significant relationships were established between CD and physicochemical properties. HPTs constitute suitable macro building-block polyols for urethane chemistry.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598443}, author = {D.E. GARCIA and W.G. GLASSER and A. PIZZI and S. PACZKOWSKI and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1586, title = { Hyperbranched Poly(amidoamine)s as Additives for Urea Formaldehyde Resin and Their Application in Particleboard Fabrication }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {782-792}, abstract = {

Three types of hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s (PAMAMs), namely HB(MA-EDA)1, HB(MA-EDA)3, and HB(MA-DETA)1.2, were synthesized and used as modifiers for urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Particleboards bonded with these modified UF resins were fabricated and evaluated. The results showed that these PAMAMs caused some adverse effects on UF resin performance. The main problems of PAMAMs were their high buffer capacity and high pH values, which are attributed to the peripheral amino groups at the terminals, both of which had a serious negative influence on UF resin curing. These findings were supported by the gel time measurements in parallel with a predictive investigation on the resins using thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The gel time was prolonged, and the maximum modulus of elasticity (MOE) values decreased with the addition of HB(MA-EDA)3. The use of a strong acid curing agent (HCOOH) could reduce the gel time into a normal range; however the performance of the corresponding particleboards still deteriorated. Therefore, these PAMAMs are considered not suitable for the modification of UF resin when applied as final additives. Beyond all expectations, the modified UF resin that employed very finite amounts of HB(MA-EDA)1 as a pH regulator instead of NaOH yielded a considerable upgrade in performance of the produced particleboards.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01598426/}, author = {J.Z. ZHANG and S. AMIROU and H.A. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and Q. GAO and J.Z. LI} } @article {1563, title = { Immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of Pituranthos tortuosus essential oil }, journal = { TUMOR BIOLOGY }, volume = {36}, year = {2015}, pages = {5165-5170}, abstract = {

Many studies have been performed to assess potential utility of natural products as immunomodulants to enhance antitumor activity in situ. In this study, an essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Pituranthos tortuosus was prepared using hydrodistillation, its composition was characterized, and its immunomodulatory potential was assessed. The results indicated that the EO contained sabinene, a-pinene, limonene, and terpinen-4-ol as major constituents. EO was also found to be able to significantly promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, suggestive of a potential for activation of B cells and enhanced humoral immune responses in hosts given this product. Effects of EO on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also investigated in B16F10 melanoma cells. EO-induced tumor cell growth inhibition was associated with characteristic apoptotic changes in the cells, including nuclear condensation. In conclusion, these data suggested to us that an EO of P. tortuosus could evolve to be a potential medicinal resource for use in the treatment of cancers.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598446}, author = {M. KRIFA and H. EL-MEKDAD and N. BENTOUATI and A. PIZZI and K. GHEDIRA and M. HAMMAMI and S.E. EL-MESHRI and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA} } @article {1589, title = { Improving urea formaldehyde resin properties by glyoxalated soda bagasse lignin }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, pages = {77-85}, abstract = {

The aim of this research was a reduction of formaldehyde emission and the improvement of the water resistance of urea formaldehyde (UF) resins by incorporating glyoxalated soda bagasse lignin. For this purpose, various contents of unmodified and glyoxalated lignins (10, 15 and 20 \%) were added at pH = 7 instead of second urea during the UF resin synthesis. The properties of the resins as well as water absorption, shear strength, and formaldehyde emission of plywood panels made with these adhesives were measured. Among all the resins synthesized, the resin yielding the best results (based on formaldehyde emission and gelation time as well as water absorption, mechanical strength, and formaldehyde content of the associated panels) was selected, and its properties were further analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). The lignin based resins yielded good shear strength of the plywood panels, passing comfortably relevant international standard specifications; the panels also showed lower formaldehyde emission and water absorption when compared to commercial UF adhesives. Based on these findings, it was attempted to improve the performance of soda bagasse lignin in UF resins by glyoxalation. The UF resin containing 15 \% glyoxalated lignin (GLUF15) still exhibited less water absorption and formaldehyde release without significant differences in shear strength and physicochemical properties compared to the UF resin control. DSC analysis indicated that in comparison to UF resin the curing process of GLUF resin shifted to lower temperatures. According to the FTIR spectra, by addition of lignin the proportion of C-N bond in methylene linkages decreases when urea is partly replaced by lignin or glyoxalated lignin. XRD analysis indicated that the crystallinity of the UF resins decreased with addition of glyoxalated lignin.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01597471}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and S. KAZEMI-NAJAFI and R.B. ESHKIKI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1566, title = { Isocyanate free condensed tannin-based polyurethanes }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {513-526}, abstract = {

Condensed flavonoid tannins from Maritime Pine (Pious pinaster), Mimosa (Acacia mearnsii), and Radiata Pine barks, and Quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and balansae) wood, were first reacted with dimethyl carbonate. Then hexamethylenediamine was added to these mixtures to form urethane linkages. The resulting materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally the resulting analysis indicated that the products obtained are polyurethanes. Initial wood coating applications tests were carried out under conditions of higher temperature and some pressure, and the contact angle of the surface coatings so prepared was measured.

}, author = {M. THEBAULT and A. PIZZI and H.A. ESSAWY and A. BARHOUM and G. VAN-ASSCHE} } @article {1593, title = { Latest progresses in the preparation of tannin-based cellular solids }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PLASTICS }, volume = {51}, year = {2015}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {

Tannins are non toxic, cheap and abundant polyphenolic oligomers extracted from tree barks. They can be easily used for preparing thermoset resins that are natural at the 70-95\% level, depending on the cases. From these resins, highly porous monoliths can be obtained by different techniques such as classical physical or chemical foaming, mixed physical/chemical foaming, by less-conventional methods such as emulsion-templating and stabilisation and hardening of either aerated emulsions or liquid foams. The resultant materials are not only interesting per se, but are also key precursors of novel cellular carbons having a broad range of applications. The present paper briefly reviews the latest advances for producing tannin-based cellular materials and their related characteristics and properties.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294757}, author = {A. CELZARD and A. SZCZUREK and P. JANA and V. FIERRO and M.C. BASSO and S. BOURBIGOT and M. STAUBER and A. PIZZI} } @article {1591, title = { Limoniastrum guyonianum methanol extract induces immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by activating cellular anti-oxidant activity }, journal = { DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY }, volume = {38}, year = {2015}, pages = {84-91}, abstract = {

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of plant extracts is an interesting and growing area of research. In this study, effects of a methanolic extract of Limoniastrum guyonianum stems (M extract) on mice immune cell function in vitro were investigated. These studies showed that mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited by the extract. Further, the lectin-induced response appeared to be more sensitive to the suppressive effects of the extract than were LPS-stimulated responses. In studies to assess any potential effects of extract on innate immunity, the results showed that the extract significantly enhanced the killing activity of isolated NK cells. In addition, studies here demonstrated that the extract could enhance lysosomal enzyme activity and inhibit nitrite oxide (NO) production by murine peritoneal macrophages ex vivo, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect in situ. The anti-inflammatory activity was concomitant with the cellular anti-oxidant effect in macrophages and splenocytes.

}, author = {M. KRIFA and N. MUSTAPHA and Z. GHEDIRA and K. GHEDIRA and A. PIZZI and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA} } @article {1400, title = {Mechanical properties of Aningeria superba (Aningre) and Austranella congolensis tannin adhesives}, journal = {Sylwan}, volume = {159(7)}, year = {2015}, pages = {317-328}, author = {N. KONAI and D. RAIDANDI and A. PIZZI and L. MEVA{\textquoteright}A and M. MBUH-KUMA and L. HAI} } @article {1576, title = { Microwave assisted extraction of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark: Impact of particle size and characterization }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {65}, year = {2015}, pages = {142-149}, abstract = {

The effect of particle size on the extraction of tannins by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was studied for the first time to our knowledge. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark from the South West of France was sieved into five ranges of particle size before extraction was carried out in an ethanol-water solution. For each extraction, the extraction yield, the total polyphenolic content, the condensed tannins content, and the sugar content were quantified. The extracts were characterized by their reactivity to formaldehyde, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), H-1 NMR, and heteronuclear single correlation spectroscopy-2D NMR (HSQC 2D NMR). The MAE was also compared to a hot water based extraction. The effect of the particle size on the extraction efficiency was studied. The HSQC 2D NMR revealed that (epi) catechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechine, and epigallocatechine gallate were obtained. Higher amounts of condensed tannins, sugars, and simple flavonoids were extracted by MAE extraction.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599786}, author = {L. CHUPIN and S.L. MAUNU and S. REYNAUD and A. PIZZI and B. CHARRIER and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1548, title = { Natural albumin/tannin cellular foams }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, pages = {41-48}, abstract = {

Albumin/tannin-based foams were prepared under alkaline or acid conditions by whipping up a water solution of a protein, egg albumin, mixed with a second water solution of condensed flavonoid tannins. Foam formulations with 4 different condensed tannin bark extracts and different relative proportions of protein and tannin were developed with a rapid foaming process where the protein has a double function: co-reagent and surfactant as well. Physical properties such as mechanical performance, thermal conductivity, and porous structure were characterised to identify the large potential of applications of these new cellular foams, fully bio-based and probable easier biodegradability. Moreover, some albumin-based foams were found to be completely flexible in certain conditions.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294576}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1545, title = {A New Approach to Environmentally Friendly Protein Plastics and Foams}, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {8014-8024}, abstract = {

New formaldehyde-free and isocyanate-free bioplastics and biofoams were prepared by reacting ovoalbumin and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) at a moderate temperature. Analysis by C-13 NMR revealed a reaction between dimethyl carbonate and the amino and/or hydroxyl groups of the side chain of amino acids. The densities were between 0.6 and 1.1 g/cm(3) for the obtained plastics. Thermal and mechanical resistances peaked at 175 degrees C and 7.7 MPa, respectively. The Brinell hardness was 2. The prepared foam exhibited a density of 0.1 g/cm(3) and an open cell structure. Impregnation with hexamethylene diamine (DAH) allowed for the preparation of materials with elastic mechanical behavior through the reaction of DAH and DMC. The new plastics and foams derived from ovoalbumin protein were markedly more environmentally friendly.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01598436}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1392, title = {Phenol-urea-formaldehyde resin co-polymer synthesis and its influence on elaeis palm trunk plywood mechanical performance evaluated by 13C-NMR and maldi-tof mass spectrometry,}, journal = {, Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives,}, volume = {63}, year = {2015}, month = { 2015}, pages = {117-123}, author = {Y. BENG-HOONG and A. PIZZI and L. ABDCHUAH and J. HARUN} } @article {1402, title = {Phenol-wheat protein-formaldehyde adhesives for wood-based panels}, journal = {Eur. J. Wood Prod}, volume = {73(4)}, year = {2015}, pages = {439-448}, author = {MC. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and A. REDL and F.M. AL-MARZOUKI} } @article {1571, title = { Pine (P. pinaster) and quebracho (S. lorentzii) tannin-based foams as green acoustic absorbers }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {70-73}, abstract = {

Open cells structure tannin-furanic foams prepared using two different types of tannins have been shown to give good sound absorption/acoustic insulation characteristics at medium and high frequencies (1000-4000 Hz) with coefficients of acoustic absorption of 0.85-0.97. Their acoustic absorption coefficient was lower 0.40-0.60 at lower frequencies (250-500 Hz). Compared with commercial foams, tannin-furanic foams have the same typical behavior of light porous materials. The more open-cell is the material the better is its sound absorption. Thicker samples absorb better at medium frequencies for all types of porous material tested.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294760}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and E.E. EBANG and N. GALLON and B. CHARRIER} } @article {1559, title = { Preparation and Characterization of Grinding Wheels Based on a Bioresin Matrix and Glass Sand Abrasives }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {5369-5380}, abstract = {

A 100\% renewable, easily-prepared, and industrialized abrasive grinding wheel was produced based on a biobased thermosetting resins matrix; the matrix was made of condensed tannin-furanic resin, originating from biosourced raw materials such as tree barks and crops, which bond the particles of glass sand. These grinding wheels exhibited no cracks or pores. Moreover, the related properties of these products were characterized by the measurements of compression resistance, Brinell hardness, and wear resistance; the results were comparable to those of commercial grinding wheels prepared with synthetic phenolic resins and aluminum oxide particles. The results indicated that incomparable hardness and strong resistance towards compression can be obtained using the new tannin-based grinding wheels. Besides that, the results also revealed excellent properties of abrasiveness when compared to a commercial Taber Calibrade wheel H-18.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599793}, author = {J. ZHANG and H. LUO and A. PIZZI and G. DU and S. DENG} } @article {1575, title = { Study of thermal durability properties of tannin-lignosulfonate adhesives }, journal = { JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY }, volume = {119}, year = {2015}, pages = {1577-1585}, abstract = {

This paper aims to study certain aspects of the preparation of tannin-lignin adhesives. Mimosa tannins and lignosulfonates were used in wood adhesives formulation to substitute resins based on formaldehyde. Two ammonium lignosulfonates and two sodium lignosulfonates were glyoxalated to be more reactive. The thermal stability of the lignosulfonates before and after glyoxalation was analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The proportion of mimosa tannins and sodium lignosulfonates varied from 20 \% tannins to 60 \% tannins. 40 \% of mimosa tannins were mixed with either glyoxalated sodium lignosulfonates or glyoxalated ammonium lignosulfonates. The thermal properties of the resins were studied by TG, DSC and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The results showed that after glyoxalation, the degradation of lignosulfonates started at 125 A degrees C instead of 171 A degrees C for the non-glyoxalated lignosulfonates. The results obtained showed that the 40 mass\% tannins resin was the most efficient. The TMA results showed that the curing of the resins started at 100-110 A degrees C. The TG and DSC results of the cured resins showed a thermal stability of the adhesives up to approximately 200 A degrees C.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01597717}, author = {L. CHUPIN and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and A. PERDOMO and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1403, title = {Synthesis of bio-adhesives from soybean flour and furfural: relationship between furfural level and sodium hydroxide concentration}, journal = { Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives. }, volume = {63}, year = {2015}, pages = {74-78 }, author = {E. LEPINE and B. RIEDL and X-M. WANG and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and J-M. HARDY and M-J. RAIZER-DA-CRUZ} } @article {1556, title = {Tannin-based monoliths from emulsion-templating}, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {79}, year = {2015}, pages = {115-126}, abstract = {

Highly porous monoliths prepared by emulsion-templating, frequently called polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) in the literature, were prepared from \"green\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; precursors such as Mimosa bark extract, sunflower oil and ethoxylated castor oil. Various oil fractions, ranging from 43 to 80 vol.\%, were used and shown to have a dramatic impact on the resultant porous structure. A critical oil fraction around 70 vol.\% was found to exist, close to the theoretical values of 64\% and 74\% for random and compact sphere packing, respectively, at which the properties of both emulsions and derived porous monoliths changed. Such change of behaviour was observed by many different techniques such as viscosity, electron microscopy, mercury intrusion, and mechanical studies. We show and explain why this critical oil fraction is the one leading to the strongest and most homogeneous porous monoliths.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294575}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and A.M. DE-YUSO and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1552, title = { Thermal conductivity improvement of composite carbon foams based on tannin-based disordered carbon matrix and graphite fillers}, journal = {MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {83}, year = {2015}, pages = {635-643}, abstract = {

Carbonaceous porous matrices were prepared from a tannin-based resin by physical foaming, having improved thermal properties by addition of various kinds and various amounts of graphite fillers. The resultant composite carbon foams presented much higher thermal conductivity, making them suitable for hosting phase-change materials with the aim of using them in seasonal storage applications. These materials were investigated in terms of porous structure, thermal and mechanical properties. It was shown that, unlike what was a priori expected, smaller particles were far more suitable for getting conductive, strong and porous matrices. The smaller were the particles, the better were the results. These findings were explained and justified, making such biomass-based composite carbon foams interesting and cheap candidates for thermal storage applications.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294582}, author = {P. JANA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1391, title = {Utilisation of hydrophilic/ hydrophobic poly(amidoamine)s as additives for melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives and consequent application in particleboard fabrication,}, journal = {Polymers Adv. Technol. }, year = {2015}, pages = { 2255-2264 }, author = {S. AMIROU and J. ZHANG and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and A. ZERIZER and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1405, title = {Valorisation of Tunisian pomegranate peels tannins in green adhesives formulations}, journal = { J. Renew. Mat}, volume = {3(1)}, year = {2015}, pages = {34-43}, author = {H. SAAD and A. PIZZI and B. CHARRIER and N. AYED and K. RODE and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY and F. BOUHTHOURY} } @article {1191, title = {Accelerated autocondensation of quebracho tannin by boric acid to make poplar plywood. }, journal = {J. Forest and Wood Products (Iran)}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {D. EFHAMISISI and Y. HAMZEH and M.F. THEVENON and A. KARIMI and A. PIZZI and K. POURTAHMASI} } @article {1182, title = {Alkaline tannin rigid foams. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {182}, author = {M.C. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and M.C. LAGEL and A. CELZARD} } @article {1163, title = {An aqueous extract of Limoniastrum guyonianum gall induces anti-tumor effect in melanoma-injected mice via modulation of the immune response. }, journal = {Food and Chemical Toxicology}, year = {2014}, month = {04/2014}, author = {M. KRIFA and I. SKANDRANI and A. PIZZI and N. NASR and Z. GHEDIRA and N. MUSTAPHA and K. GHEDIRA and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA} } @article {1172, title = {Biomass-derived, thermally conducting, carbon foams for seasonal thermal storage. }, journal = {Biomass \& Bioenergy}, volume = {67}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {312}, author = {P. JANA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1187, title = {Characterisation and application of urea-formaldehyde-furfural co-condensed resins as wood adhesives.}, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {6267}, author = {J. ZHANG and H. CHEN and A. PIZZI and Y. LI and Q. GAO and J. LI} } @article {1183, title = {Characterisation and preparation of wood/furanic foams. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {201}, author = {V.K. SRIVASTAVA and A. PIZZI} } @article {1168, title = {Chemical activation of tannin-based hydrogels by soaking in KOH and NaOH solutions. }, journal = {Microporous \& Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {196}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {8}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and G. AMARAL-LABAT and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {699, title = {Comparing environmental impacts of different forest management scenarios for maritime pine biomass production in France}, journal = {Journal of cleaner production}, volume = {64}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {356-367}, author = {S. GONZALEZ-GARCIA and V. BONNESOEUR and A. PIZZI and G. FEIJOO and MT. MOREIRA} } @article {1169, title = {Comparing environmental impacts of different forest management scenarios for Maritime pine 1 biomass production in France}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, volume = {64}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {356}, author = {S. GONZALEZ-GARCIA and V. BONNESOEUR and A. PIZZI and G. FEIJOO and M.T. MOREIRA} } @article {1194, title = {Comparison of linear vibration welded joints in three different directions of the wood tauari (Couratari oblongifolia)}, journal = {Int. Wood Products J.}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {228}, author = {H. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and X. LU and G. JANIN} } @article {1178, title = {Creep and temperature dependant creep of one component polyurethane adhesives for green wood gluing. }, journal = {Wood Research (Slovakia)}, volume = {59}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {265}, author = {N.A. BIN and X. LU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1175, title = {Curing characterisation of spruce tannin-based foams using the advances isoconversional method}, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {4643}, author = {M. COP and M.P. LABORIE and A. PIZZI and M. SERNEK} } @article {1197, title = {Development and characterisation of abrasive grinding wheels with a tannin-furanic resin matrix. }, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, year = {2014}, month = {11/2014}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1177, title = {Development and characterization of phenolic foams with phenol-formaldehyde-chestnut tannins resin.}, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {220}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and S. GIOVANDO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1165, title = {D{\'e}veloppement et caract{\'e}risation de mousses {\`a} base de tannin de quebracho.}, journal = {Mat{\'e}riaux \& Techniques}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. MARTINEZ-DE-YUSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO} } @article {1198, title = {Effect of some hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s as additives for urea formaldehyde (UF) resin before their application in particleboards fabrication. }, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {10}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {782}, author = {J. ZHANG and S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI and Q. GAO and H. ESSAWY and J. LI} } @article {1161, title = {Emulsion-templated porous carbon monoliths derived from tannins }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {74}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {352}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1180, title = {Flexible tannin-furanic films and lacquers.}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {61}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {352}, author = {M.C. BASSO and C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and E. FREDON and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {693, title = {Flexible-Elastic copolymerized Polyurethane-tannin foams}, journal = {Journal of applied polymer science}, volume = {131}, year = {2014}, month = {2013}, author = {MC. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and N. PRETORIUS and L. DELMOTTE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1195, title = {High pressure paper laminates from mimosa tannin resin. }, journal = {Int. Wood Products J.}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {224}, author = {U.H. ABDULLAH and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU} } @article {1193, title = {Improving urea Formaldehyde Resin properties by glyoxalated Soda Bagasse lignin.}, journal = {Eur. J. Wood \& Wood products}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {H. YOUNESI and S.K. NAJAFI and R. BERHOOZ and A. PIZZI} } @article {1201, title = {Industrial scale beech woodlam GST and fingerjoints by maximizing natural components in honeymoon fast-set adhesives. }, journal = {ProLigno}, volume = {10}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {3}, author = {P.J. MEAUSOONE and A. PIZZI and M. OUDJENE and M. GAUTIER and K. ROY and T. VAN-DANG} } @article {1162, title = {Investigation of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of Algerian date palm wood. }, journal = {Materials Testing}, volume = {56}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {236}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. ZERIZER and A. PIZZI} } @article {1196, title = {Isocyanate free condensed tannin-based polyurethanes}, journal = {European Polym. J.}, year = {2014}, month = {10/2014}, author = {M. THEBAULT and A. PIZZI and H. ESSAWY and A. BAROUM and G. VAN-ASSCHE} } @article {704, title = {Kinetics of the hydrothermal treatment of tannin for producing carbonaceous microspheres}, journal = {Bioresource technology}, volume = {151}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {271-277}, author = {FL. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRE and MT. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1167, title = {Limoniastrum guyonianum aqueous gall extract induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting calpain activity. }, journal = {Tumor Biology}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {M. KRIFA and A. PIZZI and M. MOUSLI and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA and L. LELOUP and K. GHEDIRA} } @article {1164, title = {Limoniastrum guyonianum methanol extract induces immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by activating cellular anti-oxydant activity}, journal = {Drug and Chemical Toxicology}, year = {2014}, author = {M. KRIFA and N. MUSTAPHA and Z. GHERIDA and K. GHERIDA and A. PIZZI and L. CHEKIR-GHERIDA} } @article {1166, title = {MALDI-TOF analysis of Aleppo pine (Pinus haleppensis) bark tannin. }, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {3396}, author = {S. ABDALLA and A. PIZZI and N. AYED and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUTHOURY and B. CHARRIER and F. BAHABRY and A GANASH} } @article {1202, title = {MALDI-TOF analysis of tannin-resorcinol resins by alternative aldehydes}, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {186}, author = {A. SAUGET and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and } } @article {1170, title = {MALDI-TOF and 13C NMR analysis of Tunisian Zyzyphus jubjuba root bark tannins. }, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {59}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {277}, author = {S. ABDALLA and A. PIZZI and N. AYED and F. CHARRIER and F. BAHARRY and A. GANASH} } @article {1185, title = {Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry of phenol-formaldehyde-chestnut tannin resins. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {207}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and S. GIOVANDO} } @article {1155, title = {A new method for preparing tannin-based foams.}, journal = {Industrial Crops \& Products}, volume = {54}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {40}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and M. STAUBER and A. CELZARD} } @article {1160, title = {Optimisation of tensile shear strength of linear mechanically wleded outer to inner Moso Bamboo (phyllostachys pubescens)}, journal = {BioRessources }, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {2500}, author = {H. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X. LU and X. ZHOU} } @article {1181, title = { Palmyra palm bonding by vibrational welding.}, journal = {Eur. J. Wood \& Wood products}, volume = {72}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {693}, author = {H. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X. LU and G. JANIN} } @article {1159, title = {Performance and reaction mechanism of Zero formaldehyde-emission urea flyoxal (UG) resin.}, journal = {J. Taiwan Inst. Chem Engineers}, volume = {45}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {2029}, author = {S. DENG and G. DU and X. LI and A. PIZZI} } @article {1186, title = {Performance of honeymoon MUF adhesives for glulam.}, journal = {Eur. J. Wood \& Wood products}, volume = {72}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {697}, author = {A. SAUGET and A. PIZZI and A. GUILLOT and S. GODART and R. APOLIT and M. MEZZINA} } @article {1176, title = {Performance of larch (Larix gmelini) tanninmodified urea-formaldehyde (TUF) resin and plywood bonded by TUF resin. }, journal = {J. Appl. Polym. Sciences}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {J. ZHANG and H.J. KANG and Q. GAO and J. LI and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1192, title = {Phenol-wheat protein-formaldehyde adhesives for wood-based panels. }, journal = {ProLigno}, volume = {10}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {3}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and A. REDL} } @article {1156, title = {Pine tannin adhesive for plywood.}, journal = {Int. Wood Products J.}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {27}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1173, title = {Pinus pinaster tannin/furanic foams : Part 2: physical properties.}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, year = {2014}, author = {C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and M.P. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {703, title = {Pinus pinaster tannin/furanic foams: PART I. Formulation.}, journal = {Industrial crops and products.}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {450-456}, author = {C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and MP. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1189, title = {Polyphenolic resins prepared with maritime pine bark tannin and natural bulky-aldehydes.}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {62}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {84}, author = {D.E. GARCIA and W.G. GLASSER and A. PIZZI and C. LACOSTE and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1158, title = {Second generation of dendritic poly(amidoaldehyde) as modifying components of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive: subsequent use in particleboard production. }, journal = {J. Polymer Research}, volume = {21}, year = {2014}, author = {X. ZHOU and H.A. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and J. ZHANG and H. PASCH and G. DU} } @article {1184, title = {A SEM record of proteins-derived microcellular silicon carbide foams. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {230}, author = {A. PIZZI and C. ZOLLFRANK and X. LI and M. CANGEMI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1174, title = {Structure and properties of rigid foams derived from quebracho tannin.}, journal = {Materials \& Design }, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {A. MARTINEZ-DE-YUSO and M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1200, title = {Study of thermal durability properties of tannin lignosulphonate adhesives }, journal = {J. Thermal Anal. Calorimetry}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {L. CHUPIN and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and A. PERDOMO and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1190, title = {Substitution pattern elucidation of hydroxypropyl Pinus pinaster (Ait.) bark polyflavonoids derivatives by ESI(-)-MS/MS. }, journal = {J. Mass Spectrometry}, volume = {49}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {1050}, author = {D.E. GARCIA and W.G. GLASSER and A. PIZZI and S. PACZKOWSKI and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1171, title = {Synthesis and chemical structure of a novel glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde (GUF) co-condensed resins with different MMU/G molar ratios by 13CNMR and MALDI-TOF-MS.}, journal = {J. Appl. Polym. Sciences}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {S. DENG and A. PIZZI and G. DU and J. ZHANG and Ju. ZHANG} } @article {694, title = {Synthesis and physicochemical properties of hydroxypropyl tannins form maritime pine bark (Pinus pinaster Ait.)}, journal = {Holzforschung}, volume = {68}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {411-418}, author = {DE. GARCIA and WG. GLASSER and A. PIZZI and A. OSORIO-MADRAZO and MP. LABORIE} } @article {1154, title = {Synthetic adhesives for wood panels: chemistry and technology: a critical review. }, journal = {Reviews Adhesives Adhesion (RAA) }, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {85}, author = {A. PIZZI} } @article {1199, title = {Tannin-furanic-polyurethane foams for industrial continuous plant lines}, journal = {Polymers}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {2985}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and C. LACOSTE and L. DELMOTTE and F.A. AL-MARZOUKI and S. ABDALLA and A. CELZARD} } @article {1157, title = {Tannin-resorcicol-formaldehyde resin and flax fibers biocomposites.}, journal = {J. renewable Mat. }, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {173}, author = {A. SAUGET and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1188, title = {Tortuosity studies of cellular vitreous carbon foams. }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {80}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {193}, author = {M. LETELLIER and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1179, title = {Utilization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic Hyperbranched Poly(amidoamines)s additives fort melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives.}, journal = {Polymer Composites}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {S. AMIROU and J. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and H. ESSAWY and A. ZERIZER and J. LI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {654, title = {Acoustic properties of cellular vitreous carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {58}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {76-86}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and E. GOURDON and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {678, title = {Assessing the influence of different forest management systems on the environmental impacts of Douglas-fir roundwood production in France.}, journal = {Science of the Total Environment.}, volume = {461-462}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {681-692}, author = {S. GONZALEZ-GARCIA and V. BONNESOEUR and A. PIZZI and G. FEIJOO and M.T. MOREIRA} } @article {644, title = {Bioresourced pine tannin/furanic foams with glyoxal and glutaraldehyde}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {45}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {401-405}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and M.-P. LABORIE and D. GARCIA and A. CELZARD} } @article {679, title = {Carbon meringues derived from flavonoid tannins}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {65}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {214-237}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and M. STAUBER and A. CELZARD} } @article {640, title = {Causes of the water resistance of welded joints of Paduk wood (Pterocarpus soyauxii, Taub.)}, journal = {J.Renewable Resources}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {79-82}, author = {T. GANIER and J. HU and A. PIZZI} } @article {674, title = {Characterisation of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark tannins extracted under different conditions by spectroscopic methods, FTIR and HPLC}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prods.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {897-903}, author = {L. CHUPIN and C. MOTILLON and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY and A. PIZZI and B. CHARRIER} } @article {677, title = {Characterisation of Pinus brutia bark tannin by MALDI-TOF and 13C NMR, submitted}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {679-704}, author = {M.M. UCAR and G. UCAR and A. PIZZI and O. GONULTAS} } @article {655, title = {Characterisation of two maritime pine tannins as wood adhesives}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {2462-2479}, author = {P. NAVARRETE and A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {639, title = {Condenstion reaction of flavonoid tannins with ammonia}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {330-335}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and W. RADKE and L. DELMOTTE and J. PARMENTIER} } @article {665, title = {Condenstion reaction of flavonoid tannins with ammonia}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {330-335}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and W. RADKE and L. DELMOTTE and J. PARMENTIER} } @article {643, title = {Corn flour-mimosa tannin-based adhesives without formaldehyde for interior particleboard production}, journal = {Wood Sci.Technol.}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {A. MOUBARIK and H.R. MANSOURI and A. PIZZI and F.CHARRIER and A.ALLAL and B.CHARRIER} } @article {685, title = {Dynamic Foaming Behaviour of Polyurethane vs. Tannin/Furanic Foams}, journal = {J.Renewable Mat.}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {273-274}, author = {MC. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {681, title = {Dynamic monitoring of tannin foams preparation: surfactant effects}, journal = {BioResources}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {5807-5816}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {642, title = {Enhancing particleboard adhesives performance by glutaraldehyde addition}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {129-130}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {637, title = {Evaluation of mechanical and physical properties of industrial particleboard bonded with a corn flour-urea-formaldehyde adhesive}, journal = {Composites: part B}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {48-51}, author = {A. MOUBARIK and H.R. MANSOURI and A. PIZZI and A. ALLAL and F. CHARPIER and M.A. BADIA and B. CHARRIER} } @article {663, title = {Fabrication and mechanical analysis of mimosa tannin and commercial flax fibers biocomposites. }, journal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {2204-2218}, author = {A. SAUGET and A. NICOLLIN and A. PIZZI} } @article {687, title = {Fast pressing composite using tannin-furfuryl alcohol resin and vegetal fibers reinforcement}, journal = { J.Renewable Mat.}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {311-316}, author = {A. NICOLLIN and X. LI and P. GIRODS and A. PIZZI and Y. ROGAUME} } @article {616, title = {Formaldehyde and VOCs emissions from bio-particleboards}, journal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {748-762}, author = {P. NAVARETTE and Z. KEBBI and F. MICHENOT and J. LEMONON and C. ROGAUME and E. MASSON and Y. ROGAUME and A. PIZZI} } @article {689, title = {Hydrothermal treatment kinetics of tannins for producing catbonaceous microspheres}, journal = {Bioresource Techn.}, volume = {151}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {271-277}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {688, title = {Hydroxypropyl tannin derivatives from Pinus pinaster (Ait.) bark}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Pro.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {730-739}, author = {D. GARCIA and W. GLASSER and A. PIZZI and A. OSORIO-MADRAZO and M.-P. LABORIE} } @article {1153, title = {Improving hot water resistance of melamine-urea-formaldehyde by addition of PolyFox PF-151N polymer.}, journal = {J. Adhesion}, volume = {89}, year = {2013}, chapter = {837}, author = {A. MOUBARIK and H.R. MANSOURI and A. PIZZI} } @article {648, title = {Improving UF p{\^a}rticleboard adhesives water resistance by small albumin and sunflower oil additions}, journal = {Eur.J.Wood \& Wood Prod.}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {277-279}, author = {A. MOUBARIK and H. MANSOURI and A. PIZZI} } @article {680, title = {Influence of formulation on the dynamics of preparation of tannin based foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {396-400}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {649, title = {An investigation in thermochemical changes in Canadian hardwood species during wood welding. }, journal = {European J.Wood \& Wood Prod.}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {245-257}, author = {B. BELLEVILLE and T. STEVANOVIC and A. CLOUTIER and A. PIZZI and M. PRADO and S. ERAKOVIC and P. DIOUF and M. ROYER} } @article {646, title = {Isolation and characterization of lignin from Moroccan sugar cane bagasse: production of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde wood adhesive}, journal = {Ind.Crops\&Prods}, volume = {45}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {296-302}, author = {A. MOUBARIK and N. GRIMI and N. BOUSSETA and A. PIZZI} } @article {632, title = {Lightweight tannin foam/composites sandwich panels and the coldset tannin adhesive to assemble them}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {255-260}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and A. SAUGET and A. NICOLLIN and X. LI and A. CELZARD and H. PASCH and K. RODE} } @article {675, title = {MALDI-TOF and 13C NMR analysis of a renewable resource additive {\textendash} Thermoplastic acetylated tannins}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {851-857}, author = {A. NICOLLIN and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and W.J. GRIGSBY and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {657, title = {MALDI-TOF, HPLC-ESI-TOF, AND 13C NMR characterisation of chestnut (Castanea sativa) shell tannins}, journal = {Wood Science and Technology}, volume = {47}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {523-535}, author = {G. VAZQUEZ and A. PIZZI and M.S. FREIRE and J. SANTOS and G. ANTORRENA and J. GONZALEZ-ALVAREZ} } @article {656, title = {MALDI-TOF study of oligomers distribution for stability-durable spray-dried glyoxalated lignin for wood adhesives}, journal = { J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {586-597}, author = {P. NAVARRETE and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and M. VIGNALI and H. PASCH} } @article {667, title = {MALDI-TOF-CID for the Microstructure Elucidation of Polymeric Hydrolysable Tannins}, journal = {J.Appl.Polym.Sci.}, volume = {128}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {97-107}, author = {N. RADEBE and K. RODE and A. PIZZI and S. GIOVANDO and H. PASCH} } @article {653, title = {Mayonnaise, whipped cream and meringue, a new carbon cuisine}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {58}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {238-251}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {684, title = {Mechanical characterization of industrial particleboard panels glued with cornstarch- mimosa tannin- urea formaldehyde resins}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {423-429}, author = {A. MOUBARIK and A. PIZZI and F. CHARRIER and A. ALLAL and M-A. BADIA and H.R. MANSOURI and B. CHARRIER} } @article {651, title = {Mechanical properties of heat-treated organic foams}, journal = {Physical Reviews}, volume = {87}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and M. SAHIMI and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {659, title = {Microstructure Elucidation of Polyflavonoid Tannins by MALDI-TOF-CID}, journal = {J.Appl.Polym.Sci.}, volume = {127}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1937-1950}, author = {N. RADEBE and K. RODE and A. PIZZI and H. PASCH} } @article {650, title = {Mimosa tannin resins for impregnated paper overlays}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {153-162}, author = {U. HANI-ABDULLAH and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE and H.R. MANSOURI} } @article {669, title = {Multifunctional porous solids derived from tannins}, journal = {J.Physics: Conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {012023}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and W. ZHAO} } @article {635, title = {Nanotube-reinforced tannin/furanic rigid foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {X. LI and V.K. SRIVASTAVA and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and J.M. LEBAN} } @article {673, title = {Natural tannin/furanic thermosetting moulding plastics}, journal = {RSC (Royal Chemical Society) Advances}, volume = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {17732-17740}, author = {X. LI and A. NICOLLIN and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and A. SAUGET and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1152, title = {New families of carbon gels based on natural resources}, journal = {J. Physics: conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {01/2013}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and G. AMARAL and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1151, title = {A note on the surface quality of plywood overlaid with mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) tannin and melamine urea formaldehyde impregnated paper: effects of moisture content of resin-impregnated papers before pressing on the physical properties of overlaid panels }, journal = {Int. Wood Products J. }, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {253}, author = {U. H. ABDULLAH and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and A. MERLIN} } @article {658, title = {Parameters scanning for linear welding of Eucalyptus benthamii wood}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {525-527}, author = {S. ANDRADE-MARTINS and T. GANIER and A. PIZZI and C. DEL MENEZZI} } @article {682, title = {Particleboard production from date palm biomass}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {717-723}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. ZERIZER and A. PIZZI and I. HADDADOU and X. ZHOU} } @article {666, title = {Performance of MUF resins for particleboard before and after spry-drying}, journal = { J.AdhesionSci.Technol.}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {2219-2225}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {660, title = {Phenolic resin adhesives based on chestnut hydrolysable tannins Wood Prod. J., 2013, 4(2): 95-100 }, journal = { Intern.Wood Prod.J.}, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {95-100}, author = {S. SPINA and X. ZHOU and C. SEGOVIA and A. PIZZI and M. ROMAGNOLI and S. GIOVANDO and H. PASCH and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {664, title = {Physical properties of tannin/furanic resin foamed by different blowing agents}, journal = {BioResources}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {743-752}, author = {X. LI and C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {633, title = {Pine tannin-based rigid foams: mechanical and thermal properties}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {C. LACOSTE and C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and M.-P. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {683, title = {Poly(amidoamine)s dendrimers of different generations as components of melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives used for particleboards production: What are the positive implications?}, journal = {J.Polymer Res.}, volume = {20}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {267-280}, author = {X. ZHOU and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and X. LI and H. PASCH and N. PRETORIUS and G. DU} } @article {661, title = {Production and properties of wood welded panels made from two canadian hardwoods}, journal = { Wood Sci.Technol.}, volume = {47}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1005-1018}, author = {B. BELLEVILLE and T. STEVANOVIC and A. CLOUTIER and A. PIZZI and A. SALENIKOVICH and P. BLANCHET} } @article {652, title = {Structure and oligomers distribution of commercial Tara (Caesalpina spinosa) hydrolysable tannin}, journal = {ProLigno}, volume = {9}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {22-31}, author = {S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and N. PRETORIUS} } @article {638, title = {Structure and oxidation resistance of microcellular Si-SiC foams derived from natural resins}, journal = {Ceramics International}, volume = {39}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1841-1851}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and C. ZOLLFRANK and A. ORTONA and S. PUSTERLA and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {686, title = {Surface quality of plywood overlaid with mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) tannin and melamine urea formaldehyde impregnated paper:~ Effects of moisture content of resin-impregnated papers before pressing on the physical properties of overlaid panels}, journal = {Int. wood Products J. }, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {253-256}, author = {U.H. ABDULLAH and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and A. MERLIN} } @article {690, title = {Synthesis of Resins with Ozonized Sunflower Oil and Radiata Pine Tannins}, journal = {J.Renew.Mat.}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {242-252}, author = {M. THEBAULT and A. PIZZI and E. FREDON} } @article {647, title = {Systematic studies of tannin-formaldehyde aerogels: preparation and properties}, journal = {Sci.Techn.Adv.Materials}, volume = {14}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZCUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {670, title = {Tannin based xerogels with distinctive porous structure}, journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy}, volume = {56}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {437-445}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and L.I. GRISHECHKO and V. FIERRO and B.N. KUTZNETSOV and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {676, title = {Tannin-based flax fibre-reinforced bio-composites for structural application in Superlight Electric Vehicles}, journal = { Ind Crops \& Prod}, volume = {50}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {68-76}, author = {J. ZHU and H. ABHYANKAR and J. NJUGUNA and D. PERREUX and F. THIEBAUD and D. CHAPELLE and A. PIZZI and A. SAUGET and A. NICOLLIN} } @article {662, title = {Tannin/furanic foams without blowing agents and formaldehyde}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prods.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {17-22}, author = {M.C. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO} } @article {641, title = {Tannin-Furfuryl alcohol wood panel adhesives without formaldehyde}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {131-132}, author = {U.H.B. ABDULLAH and A. PIZZI} } @article {668, title = {Tannin-resorcinol-aldehyde cold-set wood adhesives with only formaldehyde as hardener}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {537-538}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {636, title = {Upgrading of MUF Wood Adhesives for Particleboard by Highly-Branched Polymers}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1058-1068}, author = {X. ZHOU and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and X. LI and K. RODE and G. DU} } @article {671, title = {Wood{\textendash}bamboo{\textendash}wood laminated composite lumber jointed by linear vibration{\textendash}friction welding}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {683-686}, author = {J. HU and A. PIZZI} } @article {532, title = {Analysis of the mechanical behaviour of wood and welded wood under tensile-shear loads using a modified Arcan device}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1717-1731}, author = {B. GINESTE and J.Y. COGNARD and A. PIZZI} } @article {533, title = {"Blue-glue": A new precursor of carbon aerogels}, journal = { Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {158}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {272-280}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and E. MASSON and A. CELZARD} } @article {528, title = {Characterization of pomegranate peel tannin extractives}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {40}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {239-246}, author = {H. SAAD and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and B. CHARRIER and N. AYED} } @article {577, title = {Chemical modification of tannin/furanic rigid foams by isocyanates and polyurethanes}, journal = {Maderas}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {257-265}, author = {X. LI and M.C. BASSO and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1149, title = {Chemistry, morphology, microtomography and activation of natural and carbonized tannin foams for different applications. }, journal = {Macromolecular Symposia }, volume = {313-314}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {100}, author = {A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and G. TONDI} } @article {574, title = {Determination of optimal wood welding parameters for two North American hardwood species}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {256-276}, author = {B. BELLEVILLE and T. STEVANOVIC and A. SALENIKOVIC and A. PIZZI and A. CLOUTIER and P. BLANCHET} } @article {543, title = {Development of green adhesives for fibreboard manufacturing, using tannin and lignin from pulp mill residues}, journal = {Cellul.Chem.Technol.}, volume = {46}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {449-455}, author = {F. BERTAUD and S. TAPIN-LINGUA and A. PIZZI and P. NAVARRETE and M. PETIT-CONYL} } @article {544, title = {Development of green adhesives for fibreboard manufacturing, using tannins and lignin from pulp mill}, journal = {Cellulose Chem Techn.}, volume = {46}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {449-455}, author = {F. BERTAUD and S. TAPIN-LINGUA and A. PIZZI and P. NAVARRETE and M. PETIT-CONYL} } @article {546, title = {Development of green adhesives for fibreboards manufacturing, using tannins and lignin from pulp mill residues}, journal = {Cellul.ChemTechnol.}, volume = {46}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {449-455}, author = {F. BERTAUD and S. TAPIN-LINGUA and A. PIZZI and P. NAVARRETE and M. PETIT-CONYL} } @article {529, title = {The effect of nanoclay on melamine-urea-formaldehyde wood adhesives}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1341-1348}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {524, title = {Efficacy of tannin in fixing boron in wood: fungal and termite resistance}, journal = {Bioresources}, volume = {7}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1238-1252}, author = {G. TONDI and S. WIELAND and N. LEMENAGER and A. PETUTSCHNIGG and A. PIZZI and M.F. THEVENON} } @article {518, title = {Electromagnetic shielding efficiency in Ka-band: carbon foam versus epoxy/CNT composites}, journal = {J. Nanophotonics}, volume = {6}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, author = {P. KUZIR and G. PADUBSKAYA and M. SHUBA and S. MAKSIMENKO and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. PIZZI and J. MACUTKEVIC and J. BANYS and S. BISTARELLI and M. MASTRUCCI and F. MICCIULLA and I. SACCO and S. BELLUCCI} } @article {575, title = {Enhancing water resistance of welded dowel wood joints by acetylated lignin}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {252-262}, author = {A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and P. NAVARRETE and C. SEGOVIA and H.R. MANSOURI and M-I. PLACENTIA-PENA and F. PICHELIN} } @article {538, title = {Experimental study of timber-to-timber composite beam using welded-through wood dowels}, journal = {Construct.Build.Mat.}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {245-250}, author = {C. O{\textquoteright}LOISINGH and M. OUDJENE and H. AIT-ADLER and P. FANNING and A. PIZZI and E. SHOTTON and E.-M. MEGHLAT} } @article {578, title = {Exploratory results for composites of natural fibre mats with a natural matrix of epoxidized vegetable oils}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {3-8}, author = {A. SAUGET and A. PIZZI} } @article {523, title = {Flexible natural tannin-based and protein-based biosourced foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {389-393}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and M. CANGEMI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {542, title = {High density composites from natural fibres and tannin resin}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1537-1545}, author = {A. NICOLLIN and R. KUENY and L. TONIAZZO and A. PIZZI} } @article {541, title = {Highly mesoporous organic aerogels derived from soy and tannin}, journal = {Green Chemistry}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {3099-3106}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and L. GRISHECHKO and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and B. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {521, title = {Impact of depressurizing rate on the porosity of aerogels}, journal = {Microporous \& Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {152}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {240-245}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and E. MASSON and A. CELZARD} } @article {534, title = {Industrial production of pine tannin-bonded particleboard and MDF}, journal = {Eur.J.Wood \& Wood Prod.}, volume = {70}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {735-740}, author = {J. VALENZUELA and E. VON LEYSER and A. PIZZI and C. WESTERMEYER and B. GORRINI} } @article {540, title = {Influence of machine setting and wood parameters on crack-propagation in Scots pine joints produced by linear friction welding}, journal = {J.Adhesion Sci.Technol.}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {2189-2197}, author = {M. VAZIRI and O. LINDGREN and A. PIZZI} } @article {520, title = {Insulation rigid and elastic foams based on albumin}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {149-154}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and M. CANGEMI and P. NAVARRETE and C. SEGOVIA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {530, title = {Low formaldehyde emitting biobased wood adhesives manufactured from mixtures of tannin and glyoxalated lignin}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1667-1684}, author = {P. NAVARRETE and A. PIZZI and S. TAPIN-LINGUA and B. BENJELLOUN-MLAYAH and H. PASCH and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE and S. RIGOLET} } @article {525, title = {Mechanical behaviour and 3D stress analysis of multilayered wooden beams made with welded-through wood dowels}, journal = {Composite Structures}, volume = {94}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {312-313}, author = {C. O{\textquoteright}LOISING and M. OUDJENE and E. SHOTTON and A. PIZZI and P. FANNING} } @article {1150, title = {Modification of tannin based rigid foams using oligomers of a hyperbranched poly(amine-ester).}, journal = {J. Polymer research}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, author = {X. LI and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and K. RODE and D. LE NOUEN and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {535, title = {New tannin-lignin aerogels}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {347-355}, author = {L. GRISHECHKO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and V. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {634, title = {New tannin-lignin aerogels}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {347-355}, author = {L. GRISHECHKO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and V. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {1148, title = {Nitrogen-doped carbon materials produced from hydrothermally treated tannin.}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, chapter = {5411}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {550, title = {Nouveaux materiaux poreux multifunctionnels derives du bois}, journal = {Techniques de l{\textquoteright}Ingenieur}, volume = {11}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1-30}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI} } @article {539, title = {Oligomers distribution at the gel point of tannin-resorcinol-formaldehyde cold-set wood adhesives}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {78-88}, author = {A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and A. CELZARD and A. SZCZUREK} } @article {519, title = {Optimisation of tensile-shear strength for linear welded Scots pine}, journal = {J.Adhesion Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {109-119}, author = {M. VAZIRI and O. LINDGREN and A. PIZZI} } @article {516, title = {Performance of MUF resins for particleboard before and after spry-drying}, journal = {ProLigno}, volume = {8}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {3-9}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {526, title = {Pore structure and electrochemical performances of tannin-based carbon cryogels}, journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy}, volume = {39}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {274-282}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and N. STEIN and C. BOULANGER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {531, title = {Study on Lignin-Glyoxal reaction by MALDI-TOF and CP-MAS 13C NMR}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1069-1082}, author = {P. NAVARRETE and A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {522, title = {Tailoring the structure of cellular vitreous carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {2026-2036}, author = {X. LI and M.C. BASSO and F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1146, title = {Tannin-boron preservatives for wood buildings: mechanical and fire properties. }, journal = {Eur. J. Wood Wood products}, volume = {70}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {689}, author = {G. TONDI and S. WIELAND and T. WIMMER and M.F. THEVENON and A. PIZZI and A. PETUTSCHNIGG} } @article {1147, title = {Wood blockboards for construction by wood welding with pre-oiled dowels.}, journal = {J. Adh. Science Technology}, year = {2012}, author = {C. SEGOVIA and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} }