@article {1847, title = { Characterization and 3D printability of poly (lactic acid)/acetylated tannin composites }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {149}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) printing filament prepared from poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and acetylated tannin via a twin-screw extruder was reported. The impact of acetylated tannin loading content on the final properties of the resulting composite materials and their 3D printability were investigated. The experimental results indicate that PLA can be compounded with up to 20 wt\% acetylated tannin without any obvious deterioration in the tensile property. The resulting composites acquired better degradation rate in aquatic system compared with neat PLA, especially in alkaline medium. Moreover, all composites are printable and showed generally good printing quality with brown color, however, this is limited to temperatures reasonably below 220 degrees C to avoid printing defects, especially at high loadings of acetylated tannin.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02508080}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and A. PIZZI and S. HOPPE and X.J. ZHOU and G.B. DU} } @article {1871, title = { Characterization and Preparation of Furanic-Glyoxal Foams }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, pages = {692}, abstract = {

Synthetic foams have become an essential industrial product for a great variety of applications. Furfuryl alcohol, as a biomass chemical, was reacted with glyoxal at room temperature to prepare furanic-glyoxal rigid foams, and p-toluenesulfonic acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Foams with different molar ratios (furfuryl alcohol/glyoxal) were prepared in this work, and uniform cells foams have been obtained. Their compression resistance, 24-h water absorption, density, and other basic properties were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the cellular morphology of the foams prepared, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) helped to understand their thermal and combustion properties, and FTIR and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectroscopy to explain the structure of the resulting foams to clarify the reactions occurring during foaming. The results show that the compression resistance of furanic-glyoxal foams declined as the furfuryl alcohol/glyoxal ratio decreases also. SEM observations revealed that foams with open-cell were obtained when furfuryl alcohol was added in greater amounts, and more closed cell structures were formed as the proportion of glyoxal increased. TGA results showed that the initial ignition temperature of furanic-glyoxal foams is similar to 200 degrees C higher than that of wood, and the smaller comprehensive combustion index S (about 0.15 x 10(-7) (\%2 K-3 min(-2))) indicates that the foam burns slowly and has poor flammability, that is, it is not easy to burn.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and H. LEI and G.B. DU and X.J. ZHOU and Y.Y. LIN} } @article {1861, title = { Condensed tannin-glucose-based NIPU bio-foams of improved fire retardancy }, journal = { POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY }, volume = {175}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Glucose-based self-blowing non-isocyanate polyurethanes foams were prepared in our previous work. They showed excellent properties comparable to commercial foams by just using a simple preparation procedure. These foams, nevertheless, present a critical drawback that is their flammability. In the research presented here a natural phenolic compound, condensed tannin, was tested as a flame-retardant to improve the fire resistance of glucose-based NIPU foams. A number of tannin-substituted glucose-based NIPU foams (mimosa tannin replacing glucose at 0\%, 25\% and 50\%, respectively) were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), ignition experiment and limiting oxygen index (LOI). Other physical and mechanical properties, such as foaming processes, density, compression strength, etc. were also investigated. The results indicated that the tannin-modified glucose-based NIPU foams (T/G (1/3)-Fs and (T/G (1/1)-Fs)) exhibit smaller mean cell size, improved compression strength and higher density than (T/G (0/4)-Fs). The FT-IR analysis showed that urethane linkages were formed, the chemical structure of glucose-based NIPU foam being nonetheless preserved even if the glucose was partially replaced by the condensed tannin. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of condensed tannin decreased the thermal stability of the tannin-glucose NIPU foam composites slightly. In addition, ignition experiments were also carried out in which the glucose-based NIPU foams with a condensed tannin showed longer burning time than neat (T/G (0/4)-Fs). Finally, limiting oxygen index (LOI) values from 17.5\% to 25.5\%, show a higher value with the increasing condensed tannin substitution.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and J.X. LI and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and X.J. ZHOU and E. FREDON and G.B. DU and C. GERARDIN} } @article {1859, title = { Effect of vacuum hot pressing on the bonding quality and heat transfer performance of plywood }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {78}, year = {2020}, pages = {441-447}, abstract = {

Vacuum technology was applied to the hot-pressing technology of plywood production with phenolic resin (PF). For plywood with the same number of layers, veneers were hot-pressed with conventional and vacuum hot-pressing processes respectively at the same hot-pressing time. Varying layers (3, 9 and 15-layers) and spread quantities (220 g m(-2), 260 g m(-2), 300 g m(-2)) were applied. Heat transfer performance of the assembly, polymerization extent of PF, and bonding quality of plywood were examined by thermocouple and humidity sensors, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence microscope and bonding strength measurement. The results indicated that, compared to conventional hot pressing, the temperature of the central layer of the assembly vacuum hot-pressed was significantly increased by about 20-30 degrees C and the adhesive cured more quickly. The hot-pressing method had a significant influence on the bonding strength of plywood, with an enhancement of the bonding strength to wood failure ratio of 48.37\% and 33.55\%, respectively. The adhesive between adjacent laminates formed a continuously dense layer with more connection points, leading to excellent mechanical meshing and high bonding quality. In addition, vacuum hot pressing can eliminate the influence of adhesive position on bonding strength and make the mechanical properties of plywood tend to be uniform in thickness direction. Under the experimental conditions, the variable energy cost of 15-ply plywood with 1 m(3) produced by vacuum hot pressing was 3.83\% less than that of conventional hot pressing, and the plywood could still maintain good bonding strength at low spread quantity.

}, author = {L. HONG and Q. HE and Z.H. JU and H.Y. ZHANG and N. BROSSE and X.N. LU} } @article {1864, title = { Effects of Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf cutting modes on bonding performance of its protein-based adhesives }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {78}, year = {2020}, pages = {461-470}, abstract = {

Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf protein was used as a biomass feedstock to prepare wood adhesives, and the influence of cutting modes (cutting frequencies and cutting heights) on leaf protein content and reactivity was studied in this paper. Bonding performance of Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf protein-based adhesives were evaluated by shear strength of plywood. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze them. The results indicated that: (1) the leaf protein content gradually increased as the cutting height increased, but it presented a decreasing trend as the cutting frequency increased. When the cutting frequency is two times per year and the cutting height is 30 cm, this leaf protein-based adhesive exhibited the best bonding strength with 0.75 MPa. (2) Cutting frequency and cutting height have no significant correlations to the reactivity of leaf protein with the crosslinker. (3) DSC and FTIR indicated that both leaf protein content and reactivity appeared to exert an influence on the bonding properties of the protein adhesives, and the latter is more pronounced. (4) TG and SEM analyses indicated that under different cutting modes, leaf protein content, especially protein reactivity, had a great effect on the thermal properties of the adhesives. (5) Contact angle analysis showed that Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf protein-based adhesives had good wettability on wood surfaces. Under different cutting modes with the difference of leaf protein content and reactivity, the crosslinking degree of the adhesives with crosslinker and compactness of the cured adhesives were different and thus affect their bonding strength and water resistance.

}, author = {Z.G. WU and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and Y.F. XIA and Q.X. ZHAO and H. LEI and J.K. LIANG} } @article {1846, title = { Facile preparation of high anti-fungal performance wood by high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION }, volume = {260}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

In this study, in order to improve the anti-fungal performance of wood material, a facile, efficient and eco-friendly method was proposed for wood modification under the synergistic effect of silver particles and high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) treatment. Poplar wood, a vulnerable to decay species, was hot-pressed by silver electrode plates and exposed simultaneously to HVEF. The chemical characteristics and anti-fungal performance of treated wood were investigated in details. Under HVEF treatment, silver particles were triggered to different oxidized forms and bound with polar groups in the wood cell wall. Decreased O/C element ratio and -OH groups and increased C-H and C=O bonds in treated wood were observed by the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After 24h of HVEF treatment, high concentration (10.71\%) of well-distributed silver particles appeared in mapping graphs. Laboratory anti-fungal tests showed that mass losses of treated wood samples decreased significantly (\<1\%) after exposing to rot fungi. The highest leaching percentage of silver in treated samples was 3.94\%. These results indicated that the synergistic effect of silver particles and HVEF treatment enhanced the fungal-resistance performance of wood. Moreover, this approach could be regarded as a facile, efficient and eco-friendly modification to broaden the outdoor-use potential of wood.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02508085}, author = {Q. HE and T.Y. ZHAN and H.Y. ZHANG and Z.H. JU and L. HONG and N. BROSSE and X.N. LU} } @article {1862, title = { Numerical analysis and validation of a natural convection mix-mode solar dryer for drying red chilli under variable conditions }, journal = { RENEWABLE ENERGY }, volume = {151}, year = {2020}, pages = {659-673}, abstract = {

The objective of this paper is to model a natural convection mix-mode solar dryer (NCMMSD) for drying agricultural products in an environment with short sunshine duration. The solar dryer was used to dry red chilli and was operating under the climate of the coastal area of South Eastern Nigeria characterized by low solar radiation intensity with a short duration of sunshine hours. The model took into consideration the thermophysical properties of the drying air and dried red chilli. The simultaneous heat and mass transfer equations were solved using the fourth-order Runge-Kutha method. The numerical solution allows for the determination of temperature and relative humidity of drying air at different points within the dryer as well as the moisture profile of the dried product. The experimental values of moisture ratios, temperature, and relative humidity during the mix-mode solar drying process with and without NaCl were used to validate the proposed model. Numerical simulation results were in close agreement with experimental results. The present model can serve as good reference bases to explain the drying phenomenon of mix-mode solar drying of other agricultural products when necessary thermophysical properties of these products are known. Using this model, the potential of mitigating gross fossil (coal) CO2 in Africa is annually estimated to 1280148 tons of CO2.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02521198/}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and M.C. NDUKWU and A. ZOULALIAN and L. BENNAMOUN and F. KIFANI-SAHBAN and Y. ROGAUME} } @article {1850, title = { One-step compatibilization of poly(lactic acid) and tannin via reactive extrusion }, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {191}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

The compatibility issue between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and tannin is a big challenge for preparing PLA/tannin biocomposites with enhanced properties. In this work, composites with enhanced properties have been accomplished using an efficient one-step reactive extrusion method with the help of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (p-MDI) or 3-aminopropytriethoxysilane (APS). The extent of compatibility achieved via the one-step was evaluated by tensile, morphological, rheological, and thermal properties. The obtained results indicated that the adhesion promoters, especially p-MDI, contributed efficiently to an improved tensile behavior of the resulting composites with a tough tensile-fracture surface compared with incompatibilized PLA/tannin composite. Moreover, these composites displayed a plateau-like rheological behavior, enhanced complex viscosity, higher melting and thermal degradation temperature. This approach can be potentially adapted to other PLA/biopolymers composite systems.

}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-02495239/}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and S. HOPPE and G. DU and X.J. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1865, title = { Preparation and Characterization of Condensed Tannin Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Rigid Foams by Ambient Temperature Blowing }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Ambient temperature self-blowing mimosa tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) rigid foam was produced, based on a formulation of tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resin. A citric acid and glutaraldehyde mixture served as a blowing agent used to provide foaming energy and cross-link the tannin-derived products to synthesize the NIPU foams. Series of tannin-based NIPU foams containing a different amount of citric acid and glutaraldehyde were prepared. The reaction mechanism of tannin-based NIPU foams were investigated by Fourier Trasform InfraRed (FT-IR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR). The results indicated that urethane linkages were formed. The Tannin-based NIPU foams morphology including physical and mechanical properties were characterized by mechanical compression, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All the foams prepared showed a similar open-cell morphology. Nevertheless, the number of cell-wall pores decreased with increasing additions of glutaraldehyde, while bigger foam cells were obtained with increasing additions of citric acid. The compressive mechanical properties improved with the higher level of crosslinking at the higher amount of glutaraldehyde. Moreover, the TGA results showed that the tannin-based NIPU foams prepared had similar thermal stability, although one of them (T-Fs-7) presented the highest char production and residual matter, approaching 18.7\% at 790 degrees C.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and E. FREDON and X.J. ZHOU and J.X. LI and C. GERARDIN and G.B. DU} } @article {1887, title = { Pressure-Driven Gas Flows in Micro Channels with a Slip Boundary: A Numerical Investigation }, journal = { FDMP-FLUID DYNAMICS \& MATERIALS PROCESSING }, volume = {16}, year = {2020}, pages = {147-159}, abstract = {

In this paper, flow of slightly rarefied compressible nitrogen in microchannels has been investigated numerically for low values of Reynolds and Mach numbers. The 2D governing equations were solved using Finite Element Method with first-order slip boundary conditions ( Comsol Multiphysics software). A validation was performed by comparing with similar configuration from the literature. It was found that our model can accurately predict the pressure driven flow in microchannels. Several interesting findings are reported about the Relative pressure, longitudinal velocity, Mach number, effect of gas rarefaction and flow rate.

}, author = {A. AISSA and M.E.A. SLIMANI and F. MEBAREK-OUDINA and R. FARES and A. ZAIM and L. KOLSI and M. SAHNOUN and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {1877, title = { Steam Explosion of Beech Wood: Effect of the Particle Size on the Xylans Recovery }, journal = { WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION }, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, pages = {625-633}, abstract = {

In this work, the effect of particle size and severity factors was investigated to find the optimum condition of steam explosion pretreatment on xylan recovery of beech wood. The beech wood particles with sizes of 0.16, 1, or 2 mm were steamed at 150-210 degrees C for 2.5-15 min before an explosive decompression. The results showed that the maximum xylan recovery was about 10\% w/w wood with low concentrations of the inhibitors, which were obtained when the particle size is 1 mm and R-0=3.65 (190 degrees C, 10 min). The smallest particle size may result in overcooking of biomass, leads to easily and high degradation of hemicelluloses sugars, whereas the largest particle sizes may result in incomplete autohydrolysis in biomass and lower extractability of hemicelluloses sugars. The obtained optimum condition for xylan recovery will improve the subsequent utilization (such as in food industry and other chemical products), prior to subsequent transformation of steam explosion pretreated wood (bioethanol and pellet).

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02125966}, author = {E. SIMANGUNSONG and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and L. CHRUSCIEL and P. GIRODS and N.J. WISTARA and N. BROSSE} } @article {1844, title = { Toward the cottonization of hemp fibers by steam explosion. Flame-retardant fibers }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {151}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

The goal is to produce cottonized hemp fibers with improved thermal stability. It was first found that the fine hemp fibers produced from technical non-retted hemp fibers by steam explosion exhibited an enhanced thermal stability. An efficient and low-cost process was developed using a mixture of urea/etidronic acid in aqueous solution in order to achieve a high phosphorus content and produce flame retardant fibers by chemical grafting. ICP, P-31 and C-13 NMR, SEM, thermogravimetric, Pyrolysis-Combustion Flow Calorimetry analyses and a flame test were used to characterize the grafted fibers. Fibers modified with relatively high P and N contents have been produced (approximate to 6 wt \% and approximate to 4 wt \% respectively) but lower grafting rates (P approximate to 0.5 \% and N approximate to 0.35 \%) are sufficient to produce non-flammable fibers. A synergistic effect between N and P has been proposed to induce the formation of a stable char.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02676818}, author = {M. MOUSSA and R. EL-HAGE and R. SONNIER and L. CHRUSCIEL and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE} } @article {1888, title = { Valorisation and Modification of Saharan Clay for Removal of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) from Aqueous Solutions }, journal = { POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES }, volume = {29}, year = {2020}, pages = {1287-1292}, abstract = {

The organosilane-modified Saharan kaolin (KS) was prepared and tested as an adsorbent for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution in comparison with original Saharan kaolin (K). Characterization of modified clay material and original clay was carried out by different methods (XRD, FTIR, TGA and SEM) in order to establish the link between synthesis, structures and properties. The hydrophilic properties of the clay surface have been modified, but not turned into hydrophobic ones. The graft has indeed a polar amine group and the chain length is too short to present an important hydrophobic character. The adsorption of heavy metal ions onto APTES-modified kaolin showed greater efficiency than original kaolin. The adsorption of metal ions by the original kaolin is dominated by the cation exchange phenomenon with a preferential order of selectivity: Cu(II)\>Ni(II)\>Co(II)\>Cd(II), while adsorption on KS is mainly dominated by attraction of the chelating group of the amine in the same order of selectivity. This new hybrid organic-inorganic material may be a good alternative for separation and preconcentration of heavy metal ions.

}, author = {B. MEROUFEL and M.A. ZENASNI and B. GEORGE} } @article {1807, title = { Convective drying of onion: modeling of drying kinetics parameters }, journal = { JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE }, volume = {56}, year = {2019}, pages = {3347-3354}, abstract = {

Drying is a simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes. Drying kinetics is determined by both internal properties and external drying conditions. In this study, two important drying kinetics parameters of onions i.e. effective water diffusivity and relative activation energy of reaction engineering approach (REA) are determined. The generated parameters are used to model thin layer drying of onion at different temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70 degrees C) and relative humidity of 20\%. The effective water diffusivity is in the range of 2.8x10(-10)m(2)s(-1) and 8.1x10(-10)m(2)s(-1). Unlike the diffusivity, the relative activation energy of the REA is independent on drying conditions and thus the latter approach requires less effort in generating the transport properties. The transport parameters can be applied for assisting in designing dryer units and evaluating the performance of existing dryer units.

}, author = {A. COMPAORE and A. PUTRANTO and A.O. DISSA and S. OUOBA and R. REMOND and Y. ROGAUME and A. ZOULALIAN and A. BERE and J. KOULIDIATI} } @article {1837, title = { DEVELOPMENT OF MIMOSA TANNIN-BASED ADHESIVE CROSS-LINKED BY FURFURYL ALCOHOL- FORMALDEHYDE AND EPOXY RESINS }, journal = { WOOD RESEARCH }, volume = {64}, year = {2019}, pages = {847-858}, abstract = {

A furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde resin was synthesized as a crosslinker in our laboratory to develop a mimosa tannin-based adhesive with good water resistance. C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy indicated that furfuryl alcohol reacted with formaldehyde under acidic conditions and that-CH (-OH) - groups to be the ones involved in the crosslinking of mimosa tannin-furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde adhesive (TFF). The wet shear strength of TFF-bonded plywood suggested that the cured TFF adhesive was better than mimosa tannin-furfuryl alcohol (TF) adhesive. The water resistance of TFF adhesive cross-linked with 9\% epoxy resin was also higher than those of TFF and TF adhesives.

}, author = {J. ZHANG and L.H. XIONG and X.J. ZHOU and G.B. DU and J.K. LIANG and X.D. XI} } @article {1819, title = { Effect of different acids during the synthesis of urea-formaldehyde adhesives and the mechanical properties of medium-density fiberboards bonded with them }, journal = { JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE }, volume = {136}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The characteristics of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives condensed by catalysis with four different acids, namely formic (HCOOH), hydrochloric (HCl), phosphoric (H3PO4), and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, under alkaline-acidic-alkaline conditions at a molar ratio F/U = 1.12 were studied. The thermal curing properties of UF adhesives catalyzed with acid were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry at 10 degrees C/min heating rate. The resin structure examined by C-13-NMR spectroscopy showed that the resin catalyzed with HCl had a lower proportion of methylol groups, resulting in a lower level of formaldehyde emission. It was interesting to note that HCOOH resulted in the best overall mechanical properties of the medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels. The HCl catalyst resulted in the poorest performance, providing the lowest internal bond strength, modulus of elasticity, and thickness swelling, with the exception of the free formaldehyde content. The resin catalyzed with H2SO4 had the highest free formaldehyde and the highest formaldehyde emission. H2SO4 and H3PO4 resulted in MDF mechanical properties relatively lower than for HCOOH.

}, author = {A. DORIEH and N.O. MAHMOODI and M. MAMAGHANI and A. PIZZI and M.M. ZEYDI} } @article {1836, title = { EFFECTS OF HEAT-TREATMENT ON BONDING PERFORMANCE OF BETULA ALNOIDES }, journal = { WOOD RESEARCH }, volume = {64}, year = {2019}, pages = {1045-1054}, abstract = {

Heat-treatment woods of Betula alnoides were prepared by using vapor as the heat-conducting medium. Effects of heat-treatment time and heat-treatment temperature on equilibrium moisture content, density, pH value, contact angle and bonding performance of Benda alnoides were discussed in this paper. The results indicated that: (1) With the increase of heat-treatment temperature, the equilibrium moisture content, density and pH value of Betula alnoides decreased gradually. (2) With the increase of heat-treatment temperature, the contact angle of Betula alnoides increased from 70.08 degrees to about 100 degrees, resulting in the reduction of bonding strength gradually. Bonding strength of Betula alnoides after heat-treatment was related with the used adhesive. Bonding strength of different adhesives decreased to different extents. The bonding strength of Betula alnoides wood with polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) resin was generally higher than that of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin. The former were 6.35-4.56 MPa, and the latter were 5.60-3.00 MPa. (3) Heat-treatment time influenced equilibrium moisture content, density, contact angle, pH value and bonding strength of Betula alnoides less than heat-treatment temperature. (4) Heat-treatment could affect strength and surface performance of Betula alnoides greatly and the processing medium should be extended.

}, author = {Z.G. WU and S.C. CHEN and M.F. TIAN and L.F. LI and L.P. YU and X.D. XI and J.K. LIANG and B.G. ZHANG and H. LEI and J. ZHANG and T.A. CHEN} } @article {1791, title = { High voltage electric discharges treatment for high molecular weight hemicelluloses extraction from spruce }, journal = { CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS }, volume = {222}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The aim of this work is to extract hemicelluloses polymers from spruce sawdust using High Voltage Electrical Discharges (HVED) pretreatment. HVED pretreatment was carried out in order to improve deconstruction of the wood matrix and to allow easier release of high molecular mass hemicelluloses. The results revealed the advantage of HVED activation step in the process of extraction. The yield of hemicellulose extraction increased with HVED treatment time. In fact, after 4 ms of HVED treatment time in 1M NaOH solution, the yield obtained was higher as compared to the untreated sample (19 mg/g of dry matter and 15.8 mg/g of dry matter respectively). The molecular weights of extracted hemicelluloses are very high (55 kDa and 47 kDa for 4 ms of HVED-treatment in 1M NaOH solution and water respectively). The use of different mediums of extraction with HVED pretreatment have revealed a selective solubilization of spruce hemicelluloses.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02290577}, author = {M. CHADNI and N. GRIMI and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE and O. BALS} } @article {1813, title = { Homolytic and Heterolytic Cleavage of beta-Ether Linkages in Hardwood Lignin by Steam Explosion }, journal = { JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY }, volume = {67}, year = {2019}, pages = {5989-5996}, abstract = {

Steam-explosion lignin (SEL) was extracted with ethanol from steam-exploded hardwood (okoume, Aucoumea klaineana Pierre) pretreated at various severities after neutral or acidic impregnation. The SELs were subjected to structural characterization by 2D HSQC NMR, P-31 NMR, and SEC and compared with milled-wood lignin (MWL). A strong decrease in the beta-O-4 content is observed with increasing steam-explosion severity accompanied by a gradual increase in molecular mass. C alpha-oxidized S units (S\&$\#$39;, Hibbert\&$\#$39;s ketones) were quantified by NMR and used as a marker of the hydrolytic mechanism; naphthol was used as a carbonium-ion scavenger. It has been observed that mixed reactions of hydrolysis and homolysis are involved, but the SEL is mainly cleaved homolytically, favoring recondensation through radical coupling even at low reaction severity. However, acidic preimpregnation of wood prior to steam explosion enhanced the carbonium-ion pathway.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02125895}, author = {S.N. OBAME and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN} } @article {1843, title = { Influence of high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on bonding characteristics of Masson (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) veneer composites }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {77}, year = {2019}, pages = {105-114}, abstract = {

For the first time, it was experimented with high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) for the optimization of the bonding process of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin to wood. Varying HVEF treatment times (0-8min) and intensities (5-20kV) were applied. Wood surface characteristics, polymerization extent of UF, and bonding interphase of UF to wood were examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle goniometers, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray densitometer, fluorescence microscope and bonding strength measurement. The results indicated that HVEF treatments applied to wood veneer induced a decrease in contact angles and an increase in the free radicals of wood, and surface energy varied with treatment times and intensities. These varieties were because triggered free electrons, broken chemical bonds and new ions appeared on the wood surface with HVEF treatment. An aggregated performance was obviously obtained in micrographs and vertical density profiles (VPDs). It was explained that resin penetration into wood structure was significantly shallow, and resin concentration and density at bonding interphase were more enhanced than the control. This is due to the increment of surface energy and lower contact angles providing more chances for possible reactions of wood surface with the UF resin. Resin penetration depth and density varied with different treatment times and intensities. Increased cross-linking extent of UF was obtained under varied conditions of HVEF treatment. The bonding strength was measured as a function of treatment times and intensities respectively; it increased by 85\% and the wood failure ratio significantly increased by 70\% under HVEF treatment (20kV, 8min) due to the aggregation performance and more cross-linked UF resin. It was manifested that both treatment time and intensity play a significant role in HVEF treatment, and HVEF treatment has a significant influence on the characteristics of the wood surface and the bonding properties of wood composites.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02289753}, author = {Q. HE and T.Y. ZHAN and Z.H. JU and H.Y. ZHANG and L. HONG and N. BROSSE and X.N. LU} } @article {1841, title = { Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Couple Electrochemistry }, journal = {NANOMATERIALS}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Three different types of lignin (kraft, organosolv and phosphoric acid lignin) were characterized and tested as precursors of electrospun nanofibers. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was added as a plasticizer and dimethyl formamide (DMF) employed as a solvent. It was found that the molecular weight of lignin was the key parameter to understand the differences of the mechanical stability of the resultant fiber mats. In the case of kraft lignin (KL), the influence of some changes in the synthetic process was also tested: applied voltage, pretreatment in air or not, and the addition of a small amount of Ketjen black. After pyrolysis in nitrogen flow, the obtained carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were characterized by different techniques to analyze their differences in morphology and surface chemistry. Vanadium electrochemistry in 3M sulfuric acid was used to evaluate the different CNFs. All fibers allowed electrochemical reactions, but we observed that the oxidation of V(II) to V(III) was very sensitive to the nature of the raw material. Materials prepared from kraft and phosphorus lignin showed the best performances. Nevertheless, when 1 wt.\% of Ketjen black was added to KL during the electrospinning, the electrochemical performance of the sample was significantly improved and all targeted reactions for an all-vanadium redox flow battery were observed. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrated that CNFs obtained by the electrospinning of lignin can be employed as electrodes for vanadium electrochemistry, and their properties can be tuned to improve their electrochemical properties.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02125947}, author = {J.F. VIVO-VILCHES and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE and A. DUFOUR and M. ETIENNE} } @article {1788, title = { Modeling of coupled heat and mass transfer during drying of ebony wood using indirect natural convection solar dryer }, journal = { DRYING TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {37}, year = {2019}, pages = {1863-1878}, abstract = {

This study presented the behavior of a laboratory scale solar dryer, which was designed with the objective of meeting the needs of low income carpenters of the tropical region of Africa. The following materials were used to build the solar dryer: aluminum sheets painted in black, a wooden support, and a plastic polyethylene used as a cover. Drying was carried out in the city of Yaounde in Cameroon, and the tested boards were ebony (Diospyros crassiflora). Drying must be performed with the following conditions: slow process at a low temperature in order to maintain the proper air relative humidity. Since, no apparatus was used to force the circulation of the air, natural convection was the mode used by the dryer. The solar dryer was mathematically modeled by applying heat and mass transfer balance to the different components of the solar dryer. It is important to mention that the used heat and mass coefficients were proposed as variable with the operating conditions. The mathematical model was a reasonable description of the physical phenomena taking place in the dryer. The results show that the average relative error between numerical and experimental moisture contents was equal to 2.102\%. Heat transfer convective coefficients and global mass transfer coefficients varied with drying time from 0.25 to 5.5 W/(m(2)K) and from 1 x 10(-8) to 5.5 x 10(-8) m/s, respectively. The proposed model allowed designing and dimensioning the solar dryer, to the industrial scale. It allowed following the evolution of the different temperatures and moisture content of the tested material and then optimizing the design of the dryer and the drying process conditions. Based on the model, proposing the opening of the drying chamber during the night time and the use of substances capable of retaining heat in the chamber were some proposed solutions in order to have more efficient drying process. The modeling results showed also that an improvement can be obtained at the addition of a solar collector.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02521718/}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and B. BONOMA and L. BENNAMOUN and L. MONKAM and A. LEONARD and A. ZOULALIAN and Y. ROGAUME} } @article {1826, title = { New insight into the use of latent catalysts for the synthesis of urea formaldehyde adhesives and the mechanical properties of medium density fiberboards bonded with them }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {112}, year = {2019}, pages = {195-205}, abstract = {

Recently, there has been a rapid growth in research and innovation in the synthesis of UF resins in the wood based composites area. Much effort has gone into increasing their mechanical performance to extend the capabilities and application of this group of materials. This paper, for the first time, defines the research on the use of ammonium salts not as hardeners but in the synthesis of OF resins. The objective of this study was to investigated the effects of various types of catalysts (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) during UF resins synthesis on formaldehyde emission and characteristics of urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for the manufacture of medium density fiberboard. These were investigated by C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and as a result some of the physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels bonded with different OF resins were evaluated. The resins structure examined by C-13 NMR spectroscopy showed that a resin catalyzed by (NH4)(2)SO4 had a higher proportion of hydroxymethyl groups (mostly -HN-CH2OH) resulting in a higher level of formaldehyde emission. A resin catalyzed by NH4Cl gave the highest proportion of methylene groups. A resin catalyzed by H2SO4 yielded the highest proportion of methylene groups in di- or tri-substituted ureas but the lowest proportion of mono-substituted urea. It was of interest that (NH4)(2)SO4 catalyzed UF adhesive yielded the best overall mechanical properties for the medium density fiber board (MDF) bonded with it. Conversely, it also presented the shortest shelf life and gelled in about 15 days, which could be related to its high reactivity and shortest gel time. Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) panels bonded with UF adhesives without any ammonium salt (thus with either H2SO4 or HCl) had lower IB strength, MOR and MOE. The HCl catalyst was considered to be chemically least active, yielding the lowest cohesive energy, and resulted in panels presenting a poor performance as shown by their lowest IB (internal bond) strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) and highest thickness swelling, with the exception of the free formaldehyde content.

}, author = {A. DORIEH and N.O. MAHMOODI and M. MAMAGHANI and A. PIZZI and M.M. ZEYDI and A. MOSLEMI} } @article {1825, title = { Non-isocyanate polyurethane adhesive from sucrose used for particleboard }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, pages = {393-405}, abstract = {

Sucrose-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (S-NIPU) were synthesized by the already codified reaction of sucrose, dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine and used for the first time as adhesives for bonding particleboard. To decrease the NIPU adhesive curing temperature, a silane coupling agent was used as a crosslinking promoter. The performance of particleboards prepared at a press temperature of 230 degrees C, 200 degrees C and 180 degrees C and a press time of 8 min, 10 min and 12 min was tested and evaluated. The structure of the oligomers obtained was detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Thermomechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were also used to analyze their behavior. The particleboards bonded with the S-NIPU adhesive at 230 degrees C showed excellent properties, which, however, decreased as the press time was reduced. The silane coupling agent used as a crosslinking promoter significantly reduced the curing temperature of the adhesive and allowed to obtain good bonding at a lower press temperature. The results obtained confirmed that coupling the S-NIPU adhesive with a silane used as a crosslinking promoter can yield sufficiently improved results to function as a suitable adhesive for particleboard, medium density fiberboard and other types of particulate wood panels. It was also the first time that a NIPU adhesive was used for wood bonding.

}, author = {X.D. XI and Z.G. WU and A. PIZZI and C. GERARDIN and H. LEI and B.G. ZHANG and G.B. DU} } @article {1805, title = { Polypropylene Blend with Polyphenols through Dynamic Vulcanization: Mechanical, Rheological, Crystalline, Thermal, and UV Protective Property }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Tannin and lignin were blended with polypropylene (PP) through dynamic vulcanization technique. Their influence of mechanical property, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as ultraviolet (UV) protection property on the PP matrix was investigated and compared with native tannin and lignin. According to our experimental results, tannin and lignin undergo dynamic vulcanization and were more compatible with the PP matrix. Besides, tannin and vulcanized tannin can perform as nucleating agents of PP because of their relatively small particle size. Moreover, vulcanized tannin/lignin have a better performance on the thermal stability of PP compared with native tannin/lignin, especially PP/vulcanized lignin blend. Furthermore, vulcanized tannin/lignin present better UV protective performance, concluded from fewer changes on surface morphology, carbonyl index, crystallinity, viscosity, and tensile property.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02196798}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and A. PIZZI and S. HOPPE and X.D. XI and X.J. ZHOU} } @article {1795, title = { Robust and durable bonding performance of bamboo induced by high voltage electrostatic field treatment }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {137}, year = {2019}, pages = {149-156}, abstract = {

To enhance the bonding performance of bamboo, the high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) treatment was used for flattened moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Three bonding types including bamboo skin-bamboo skin (BS-BS), bamboo skin-bamboo pith (BS-BP) and bamboo pith-bamboo pith (BP-BP) were tested. Surface characteristics of HVEF-treated bamboo composites were analyzed by the electron spin resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence microscopy and vertical density profile (VDP). Mechanical properties, including bonding strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and boiling peeling rate of treated-bamboo composites were tested as well. The results of ESR, XPS and FTIR showed that significantly increased free radicals, broken chemical bonds and oxygen-containing groups (-OH, C=O and C-O) were obtained. These variations were attributed to the fact that triggered electrons were able to break oxygen and water molecules in the atmosphere under HVEF treatment and more broken chemical bonds (oxygen atoms and ions) appeared and reacted with bamboo surface. Higher change ratios involved in BS compared with BP were due to higher components of cellulose and lignin. HVEF treatment induced a significant decrease on adhesive penetration depth and an increment on density at bonding interphase. The highest decrease of adhesive penetration depth and increment of density at bamboo interphase were obtained in BS-BS while the least was BP-BP. All the bonding performance significantly enhanced after HVEF-treatment. The most robust and durable bonding performances were obtained in BS-BS type, and BP-BP showed the most increment extents of bamboo failure ratio. Results of this study revealed that: HVEF treatment was an effective approach for enhancing bonding properties of both bamboo skin and pith.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02289743}, author = {Q. HE and T.Y. ZHAN and H.Y. ZHANG and Z.H. JU and L. HONG and N. BROSSE and X.N. LU} } @article {1815, title = { SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGNIN-BASED ADHESIVE CROSS-LINKED WITH FURFURYL ALCOHOL-FORMALDEHYDE AND EPOXY RESINS }, journal = { CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, pages = {449-458}, abstract = {

Lignin extracted from corn stalk was cross-linked with furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde (FF) resin in the laboratory to prepare a bio-based adhesive, with good water resistance, for producing particleboard. The results of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that furfuryl alcohol reacted with formaldehyde under acidic conditions. The -CH-(OH)- groups were involved in the cross-linking of the lignin-furfuryl-formaldehyde (LFF) adhesive. The internal bond strength of the LFF-bonded particleboard showed that the cured LFF was improved and had higher performance compared to the lignin-furfuryl alcohol (LF) adhesive. The LFF with 9\% epoxy resin adhesive had an excellent modulus of elasticity, which was higher than those of PF and LF adhesives.

}, author = {J. ZHANG and X.D. XI and X.J. ZHOU and J.K. LIANG and G.B. DU and J. CAI} } @article {1793, title = { Tannin-based adhesive cross-linked by furfuryl alcohol-glyoxal and epoxy resins }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {94}, year = {2019}, pages = {47-52}, abstract = {

To prepare a natural tannin-based adhesive with good water resistance, an environment friendly furfuryl alcohol-glyoxal resin (FG) synthesized in the laboratory was developed as a cross-linker for tannin-based adhesives. C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy results indicated that furfuryl alcohol and glyoxal reacted under acidic conditions and that the -CH-(OH)- groups could be shown to be the ones involved in the cross-linking of the tannin-furfuryl-glyoxal adhesive (TFG). The results for the wet shear strength of TFG-bonded plywood showed that the cured TFG was improved and better than that bonded with a tannin-furfuryl alcohol (TF) adhesive. Moreover, the TFG adhesive cross-linked with 12\% epoxy resin (EPR) presented a good water resistance. It had a modulus of elasticity (MOE) higher than that of tannin-furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde (TFF), TF and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives.

}, author = {J. ZHANG and X.D. XI and J.K. LIANG and A. PIZZI and G.B. DU and S.D. DENG} } @article {1724, title = { Biochemical characterization of the skeletal matrix of the massive coral, Porites australiensis - The saccharide moieties and their localization }, journal = { JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY }, volume = {203}, year = {2018}, pages = {219-229}, abstract = {

To construct calcium carbonate skeletons of sophisticated architecture, scleractinian corals secrete an extra cellular skeletal organic matrix (SOM) from aboral ectodermal cells. The SOM, which is composed of proteins, saccharides, and lipids, performs functions critical for skeleton formation. Even though polysaccharides constitute the major component of the SOM, its contribution to coral skeleton formation is poorly understood. To this end, we analyzed the SOM of the massive colonial coral, Porites australiensis, the skeleton of which has drawn great research interest because it records environmental conditions throughout the life of the colony. The coral skeleton was extensively cleaned, decalcified with acetic acid, and organic fractions were separated based on solubility. These fractions were analyzed using various techniques, including SDS-PAGE, FT-IR, in vitro crystallization, CHNS analysis, chromatography analysis of monosaccharide and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). We confirmed the acidic nature of SOM and the presence of sulphate, which is thought to initiate CaCO3 crystallization. In order to analyze glycan structures, we performed ELLA on the soluble SOM for the first time and found that it exhibits strong specificity to Datura stramonium lectin (DSL). Furthermore, using biotinylated DSL with anti-biotin antibody conjugated to nanogold, in situ localization of DSL-binding polysaccharides in the P. australiensis skeleton was performed. Signals were distributed on the surfaces of fiber-like crystals of the skeleton, suggesting that polysaccharides may modulate crystal shape. Our study emphasizes the importance of sugar moieties in biomineralization of scleractinian corals.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02122753/}, author = {T. TAKEUCHI and L. PLASSERAUD and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE and C. SHINZATO and N. SATOH and F. MARIN} } @article {1709, title = { Comparison of the properties of urea-formaldehyde resins by the use of formalin or urea formaldehyde condensates }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, pages = {2537-2551}, abstract = {

In industry, formalin and urea formaldehyde condensates (UFC) are used for the preparation of urea-formaldehyde adhesives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of a UF resin prepared with formalin (42\% concentration) and two kinds of UFC with various urea content (F/U similar to 5 and 4.3 malar ratio). The resins were prepared with final molar ratio F/U = 1.1. The UF resin with formalin showed better mechanical properties than those with UFC. The C-13 NMR and FT-IR results indicated that methylene, methylene ether and urons groups in a UF resin prepared with formalin were present in higher proportion than observed in industrial UF resins. The DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) results showed that the curing temperature of a UF resin prepared with formalin is lower than that of a UF resin prepared with UFC. The mechanical properties of MDFs prepared with the three types of adhesives showed that MDFs bonded with a UF prepared with formalin yields a better mechanical properties than MDFs prepared with a UF resin based on UFC. Moreover, resin synthesized with UFC (F/U = 5) result in higher IBS (internal bond strength) MOR (modulus of rupture), MOE (modulus of elasticity), TS (thickness swelling) and formaldehyde emission (FE) than resin synthesized with UFC (F/U = 4.3). The MDF bonded with the UF2 resin presented poor results, with the highest TS and the lowest IBS, MOE, MOR and FE.

}, author = {A. DORIEH and N. MAHMOODI and M. MAMAGHANI and A. PIZZI and M.M. ZEYDI} } @article {1766, title = { Critical Links Governing Performance of Self-binding and Natural Binders for Hot-pressed Reconstituted Lignocellulosic Board without Added Formaldehyde: A Review }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {13}, year = {2018}, pages = {2049-2115}, abstract = {

The production of fiberboard, particleboard, and related hot-pressed biomass products can convert small, relatively low-valued pieces of wood into valuable products. There is strong interest in being able to manufacture such products without the addition of formaldehyde, which is a health hazard during both production and use. This article reviews literature describing various challenges that need to be faced in order to achieve satisfactory bonding properties in hot-pressed bio-based board products without the addition of formaldehyde. Bonding mechanisms are examined in the form of a hypothesis, in which the strength development is represented by a chain with four links. Failure of a board is expected to occur at the weakest of these mechanistic links, which include mechanical contact, molecular-scale wetting and contact, various chemical-based linkages, and structural integrity. The most promising technologies for environmentally friendly production of hot-pressed board with use of lignocellulosic materials tend to be those that favor success in the development of at least three of the mechanistic links in the hypothetical chain.

}, author = {M.A. HUBBE and A. PIZZI and H.Y. ZHANG and R. HALIS} } @article {1755, title = { Design of high mechanical and thermal resistant composites using marine plant waste }, journal = { INDUSTRIA TEXTILA }, volume = {69}, year = {2018}, pages = {446-450}, abstract = {

We investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of a composite structure manufactured from polypropylene matrix reinforced with marine waste fibers. Posidonia oceanica. We show that this fiber largely available on Mediterranean coasts presents many advantages compared to other natural fibers conventionally used as reinforcement. In fact, Posidonia fiber is extracted easily with only mechanical action. Moreover, it enhances the mechanical properties of the whole composite without any need of compatibilizers due to its hydrophobicity. Finally, apart from the mechanical performances, we demonstrate that the incorporation of the fiber with high ratio does not degrade its thermal properties which are a specificity of thermally resistant fibers that could open a wide range of applications.

}, author = {S. ZANNEN and R. ZOUARI and M. BEN-HASSEN and L. JEANMICHEL and S. MOLINA} } @article {1750, title = { Effects of steam explosion on the characteristics of windmill palm fiber and its application to fiberboard }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {76}, year = {2018}, pages = {601-609}, abstract = {

Windmill palm fiber (WPF) obtained from the leaf sheath was treated by steam explosion under the pressure of 2.0 MPa for 120 s to modify and improve the properties of the panels manufactured with it. For comparison, an alkali treatment and acid treatment have also been used to treat WPF. Fiber analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical composition analysis showed that after the steam explosion treatment: (1) the length, width and fine elements of the windmill palm fibrils were more influenced by the steam explosion treatment than by the other two treatments. (2) A great number of spinulose spherical silica bodies and waxy layers were observed on the surfaces of all the fibers except for the steam explosion treated windmill palm fiber (SEWPF) surfaces, and (3) the cellulose fraction correspondingly increased with the decrease of the hemicelluloses and lignin contents. Finally, the SEWPFs were used to produce fiberboards, and the modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB), water absorption (WA) and thickness swell (TS) of the fiberboards were measured. The results showed that the WA and TS of the fiberboards made of SEWPF decreased 22 and 32\%, respectively, in relation to those made of WPF, whereas the IB increased 46\%. It is suggested that steam explosion can be a feasible approach to modify WPF and expand its uses.

}, author = {H. LUO and H.Y. ZHANG and L. YUE and A. PIZZI and X.N. LU} } @article {1759, title = { EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ON THE RECOVERY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF JUJUBE (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) LEAVES }, journal = { ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY DUNAREA DE JOS OF GALATI, FASCICLE VI-FOOD TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {96-108}, abstract = {

The optimum conditions for the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of total phenolics and antioxidant activity from jujube leaves were studied. The effect of the solvent nature (acetone, methanol, ethanol and water), solvent concentration (25-100\%; v/v), ultrasound intensity (25-100\%), solid/solvent ratio (1/50-1/300; w/v) and extraction time (1-15 min) were also determined. The total phenolic content was used to determine the phenolic compounds. Ferric-reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. All the ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters that were investigated had from a statistically point of view significant effects (p\<0.05) upon the phenolic compound extraction and antioxidant activity. The best extraction conditions were obtained by using methanol 60 \%, a sonication intensity of 75 \% with a solid/solvent ratio of 1/200(w/v), for 10 min. As such, the obtained values were 6.0g gallic acid equivalents/100g for total phenolic content, 3.886 g ascorbic acid equivalents/100g for free radical scavenging activity and 2.587 g ascorbic acid equivalents/100g for ferric reducing power. The phenolic content was positively correlated with the antioxidant activities.

}, author = {S. ZEMOURI-ALIOUI and H. LOUAILECHE and B. GEORGE} } @article {1726, title = { Energy Release Rate Measurement of Welded Bamboo Joints }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, pages = {450-456}, abstract = {

Double cantilever beam tests were used to measure the energy release rates of linear vibrational welded moso bamboo joints. The influence of the length of the preserved cracks, the different combinations of the inner and outer bamboo surfaces and the moisture content is studied herein. The experimental compliance method, which is based on linear elastic fracture mechanics and has been shown to be an ideal method, was used to analyze data with the power equation. The results show that the preserved initial crack length does not have a significant effect on the final measured energy release rate, while the moso bamboo combination does affect the properties dramatically. The welded moso bamboo joints with inner-inner surfaces have the highest energy release rate of 122 J/m(2). The average energy release of the outer-outer combination was only 102 J/m(2) . The expansion of the cracks also became easier when the moisture content of the welded joints was 18.5\% compared to 4.5\% and 10.1\%. So the moisture resistance of the welded joints should be duly improved.

}, author = {H.Y. ZHANG and Q. HE and X.N. LU and A. PIZZI and C.T. MEI and X.X. ZHAN} } @article {1751, title = { Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of a simple solar dryer for tropical wood using a collector }, journal = { APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING }, volume = {131}, year = {2018}, pages = {356-369}, abstract = {

The main objective of this paper is to develop a computational model and to simulate the drying of timber with a solar dryer. Two sets of equations have been established: one for the solar collector and the other for the drying chamber. The computed and measured outlet temperatures of the solar collector were compared. A very satisfactory prediction by the model is observed. The theoretical variations of the relative humidity and temperature of the air inside the drying chamber were computed and the analyses gave satisfactory physical meanings. The drying kinetic is a little faster. Using the solar collector, the final moisture content of the wood stack of iroko species (Chlorophora excelsa) is lower than the one obtained without utilization of the solar collector. The proposed modelling can be used to design and model other solar dryers.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02521746}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and A. ZOULALIAN and R. REMOND and Y. ROGAUME} } @article {1720, title = { Scrap Tires Pyrolysis: Product Yields, Properties and Chemical Compositions of Pyrolytic Oil }, journal = { RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY }, volume = {91}, year = {2018}, pages = {1603-1611}, abstract = {

This investigation involves an experimental study on the pyrolysis of scrap tires under different operating conditions such as feedstock size and pyrolysis temperature by highlighting the properties of the whole liquid products generated during each thermal degradation process. The complete conversion temperature for the pyrolysis of used tires was close to 500550 degrees C. The characteristics of liquid fraction were determined by elemental analysis, chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and distillation data. All the obtained atomic ratios are around 1,4 which is significant that such pyrolytic liquids are a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic compounds derived from polymeric materials. Analysis of the pyrolytic oil (pyro-oil) by chromatographic analysis showed that it was a complex mixture of organic compounds C5C26, aromatics and a large proportion of light hydrocarbons that can be used as liquid fuels. Furthermore, the comparison distillation data indicates that more than 40\% of such pyrolytic oil fraction with the boiling point range between 180360 degrees C is specified for diesel. It is noted that the viscosity decreases obviously from 4.87 to 1.79 with the increase in temperature.

}, author = {S. CHOUAYA and M.A. ABBASSI and R.B. YOUNES and A. ZOULALIAN} } @article {1774, title = { The study of linear vibrational welding of moso bamboo }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) linear-vibration welded joints with three different combinations between the inner and outer surfaces were studied in this paper. The tensile-shear strength, the microstructures and welded layer thickness observed by SEM and the density profiles measured by X-ray densitometer of the welded samples have been considered and compared. The maximum average tensile-shear strength of outer-outer, inner-inner and outer-inner welded joints were 5.91, 7.15 and 6.24MPa, respectively. And only the inner-inner welded joints have the bamboo failure after the shear test. The welded joint is composed of a lot of bamboo fibers entangled in the molten and flown intercellular materials which decide the final mechanical performance of the welded joints. The thickness of the outer-outer welded layer is the smallest and the inner-inner welded layer is the highest. However, the maximum density reached in the inner-inner welded joint is smaller than in the outer-outer welded joint owing to the different vascular distribution in the cross section of the moso bamboo. The relative density can be used to reflect the tensile-shear strength of the welded joints. The natural structure of bamboo really do have significant influences on the welded interface.

}, author = {H.Y. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X.H. ZHOU and X.N. LU and Z.Q. WANG} } @article {1704, title = { MODELING AND SIMULATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL INDIRECT SOLAR DRYER FOR IROKO WOOD (Chlorophora excelsa) IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT }, journal = { MADERAS-CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA }, volume = {19}, year = {2017}, pages = {95-112}, abstract = {

This paper presents a modeling of an instrumental indirect solar wood dryer less expensive functioning in a Cameroonian climate applied to the climate of Yaounde. The dryer is easy to build and electric energy is only used for the fan. Applications are done on Iroko wood (Chlorophora excelsa), a tropical wood 50mm thick most utilized in Africa. A satisfactory agreement between experimental and numerical results was found. Influences of thickness, wood initial water content and airflow rate were studied.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02521823/}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and A. ZOULALIAN and R. REMOND and Y. ROGAUME and B. BONOMA} } @article {1702, title = { A novel fiber-veneer-laminated composite based on tannin resin }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {93}, year = {2017}, pages = {461-467}, abstract = {

Natural nonwoven fiber was impregnated with a tannin resin and laminated with wood veneer for preparation of laminated composites. The tannin resin used showed a good compatibility with the natural fiber, and was easy to assemble with the wood veneers. The tannin resin penetration into the wood veneer was observed by light microscopy. The laminated composite shows very good mechanical properties and water resistance. Shear force-displacement testing demonstrates that the laminated composite had a ductile behavior under wet testing conditions. The laminated composite was prepared using 100\% natural biorenewable raw materials and had good properties compared to conventional plywood bonded with synthetic resin.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599582}, author = {X. ZHOU and C. SEGOVIA and U.H. ABDULLAH and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {1659, title = { Pretreatment of trace element-enriched biomasses grown on phytomanaged soils for bioethanol production }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {107}, year = {2017}, pages = {63-72}, abstract = {

Phytotechnologies are a set of sustainable, ecological options notably for alleviating pollutant linkages induced by contaminated soils. However, concerns exist regarding the processing of trace elements (TE)-enriched biomass and the fate of TEs in the end-products. The fractionation of phytoremediation TE-enriched non-woody lignocellulosic (tobacco) and woody (birch, willow) phytoremediation-borne biomasses was studied using ethanol organosolv, soda and dilute acid pretreatments. TE distribution in the process fractions (pulp, liquid effluents and lignin) was further examined. In dilute acid conditions, a wood pretreatment performed at 170 degrees C in the presence of 2\% w/w of sulfuric acid allowed an efficient extraction of the metals in the water effluent (approximate to 90\% for Mn and Zn) producing a clean pulp. A soda pretreatment resulted in a low metal extractability, especially at high temperature. At 170 degrees C or above with 15\% w/w of NaOH, metals were mostly recovered in the cellulosic pulp (70\%- 98\%). Using organosolv pulping, the TE contents were in the decreasing order: pulp \>\> water stream \> lignin. The TE organosolv extraction in the liquid phase varied depending on the TE metal and on the species but was generally low. Metal extractability increased with the water content in the solvent of the organosolv pulping but decreased with temperature. Enzymatic hydrolyses of TE-enriched and metal-free pulps were investigated and it was concluded that the TE concentrations had little or no effect on polysaccharide enzymatic hydrolysability by cellulases. The final destination of the various fractions for valorization in a biorefinery setting is discussed, regarding their TE content.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01538463}, author = {M. ASAD and Z. MENANA and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and V. BERT and M. CHALOT and R. HERZIG and M. MENCH and N. BROSSE} } @article {1696, title = { Study of the End-grain Butt Joints Obtained by Friction Welding of Moso Bamboo }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {12}, year = {2017}, pages = {6446-6457}, abstract = {

End-grain-to-end-grain welding has been the object of considerable study in the authors\&$\#$39; laboratory, but successful experiments have been hindered by wood defibration. End-grain butt joints obtained by friction welding with moso bamboo showed relatively good experimental results compared to beech, oak, and spruce. The average compression shear strength of the welded joints reached 5.81 MPa, and the departure of the bamboo fibers could not be observed during the welding process. A study of the microstructure of the welded surface revealed that during the welding process, hard vascular bundles within the fibers became prominent on the welded surface and acted similarly to a brush. These bundles dissipated lateral friction and protected the bamboo from cracking in the process.

}, author = {H.Y. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X.N. LU and Z.Q. WANG} } @article {1662, title = { USING A PARAMETRIC STUDY TO ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE OF WOOD SOLAR DRYERS WITH GLAZED WALLS }, journal = { MADERAS-CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA }, volume = {19}, year = {2017}, pages = {463-470}, abstract = {

Parameters characterizing wood and air were studied in order to analyze the performance of a wood solar dryer functioning under Moroccan climate. A mathematical model based on the climate data of Rabat city was used to investigate theoretically the wood drying process. Two wood speciesthuya (Tetraclinis articulate) and pine (Pinus pinaster)-were examined in the present study. The results obtained by computer simulations are in good agreement with the experimental values. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the use of a global mass transfer coefficient for low temperature convective and homogenous drying conditions allows the influence of the principal operating parameters (wood thickness, wood density, air temperature, air velocity and ventilation mode) on the drying time to be estimated with great accuracy. Analyses pertaining to the two studied wood species revealed that(1) pine dries more quickly than thuya, (2) the drying process is faster in the summer relative to other seasons, (3) increasing the air velocity by 100\% results in a 20\% reduction in the drying time, and (4) continued ventilation reduces the drying time by 43\%.

}, author = {N. BEKKIOUI and A. ZOULALIAN and A. HAKAM and H. EZ-ZAHRAOUY} } @article {1625, title = { Automotive brake pads made with a bioresin matrix }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {85}, year = {2016}, pages = {372-381}, abstract = {

By using biosourced raw materials such as condensed tannins and furfuryl alcohol a biosourced thermoset resin was developed and used and tested for a new application: as a resin matrix of automotive brake pads. The manufacturing procedure developed is particularly easy. Automotive brake pads based on this green resin were characterized and showed excellent braking properties and wear resistance when used under real car, full scale test conditions. Their mechanical resistance was found to be comparable to that of commercial automotive brake pads bonded with synthetic phenolic resins. They tolerated well the severe stresses induced by a strong braking like an emergency braking: 50 km/h (31 mph) until complete standstill and showed braking distances comparable or shorter than commercial brake pads.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599596}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and L. HAI and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and L. DELMOTTE and S. ABDALLA and A. ZAHED and F.M. AL-MARZOUKI} } @article {1596, title = { Catalytic gasification of biomass (Miscanthus) enhanced by CO2 sorption }, journal = { ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH }, volume = {23}, year = {2016}, pages = {22253-22266}, abstract = {

The main objective of this work concerns the coupling of biomass gasification reaction and CO2 sorption. The study shows the feasibility to promote biomass steam gasification in a dense fluidized bed reactor with CO2 sorption to enhance tar removal and hydrogen production. It also proves the efficiency of CaO-Ca12Al14O33/olivine bi-functional materials to reduce heavy tar production. Experiments have been carried out in a fluidized bed gasifier using steam as the fluidizing medium to improve hydrogen production. Bed materials consisting of CaO-based oxide for CO2 sorption (CaO-Ca12Al14O33) deposited on olivine for tar reduction were synthesized, their structural and textural properties were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) methods, and the determination of their sorption capacity and stability analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It appears that this CaO-Ca12Al14O33/olivine sorbent/catalyst presents a good CO2 sorption stability (for seven cycles of carbonation/decarbonation). Compared to olivine and Fe/olivine in a fixed bed reactor for steam reforming of toluene chosen as tar model compound, it shows a better hydrogen production rate and a lower CO2 selectivity due to its sorption on the CaO phase. In the biomass steam gasification, the use of CaO-Ca12Al14O33/olivine as bed material at 700 A degrees C leads to a higher H-2 production than olivine at 800 A degrees C thanks to CO2 sorption. Similar tar concentration and lighter tar production (analyzed by HPLC/UV) are observed. At 700 A degrees C, sorbent addition allows to halve tar content and to eliminate the heaviest tars.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01518102}, author = {I. ZAMBONI and M. DEBAL and M. MATT and P. GIRODS and A. KIENNEMANN and Y. ROGAUME and C. COURSON} } @article {1651, title = { CHARACTERIZATION OF SORPTION BEHAVIOR AND MASS TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF FOUR CENTRAL AFRICA TROPICAL WOODS: AYOUS, SAPELE, FRAKE, LOTOFA }, journal = { MADERAS-CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA }, volume = {18}, year = {2016}, pages = {207-226}, abstract = {

This study provides the sorption isotherm, its hysteresis and their mass transfer properties of four Central Africa Tropical woods widely used for building construction: frake (Terminalia Superba), lotofa (Sterculia Rhinopetala), sapele (Entandrophragma Cylindricum) and ayous (Triplochiton Scleroxylon). Characterization of these four species in particular and Central Africa tropical woods in general were necessary to develop conservation and treatment of wood after first transformation using the drying. Also, moisture transport on wooden material used such as wall buildings can be facilitating to found the thermal comfort. Measurements of isotherms were performed using a dynamic vapor sorption apparatus (Surface Measurement Systems) at 20 and 40 degrees C with air relative humidity ranged from 0\% to 90\%. Mass diffusivity was determined in steady state using a specific vaporimeter. Air permeability was determined using a specialized device developed to measure over a wide range of permeability values. Permeability and mass transfer properties were determined in the tangential direction with a \"false\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; quartersawn board (sapele and lotofa) and in the radial direction with a flatsawn board (ayous and frake). Samples of sapele, ayous and frake are heartwood when lotofa contains as well as heartwood than sapwood. Results obtained showed that the temperature effect on sorption behavior was quite low. We observed also a low difference between the sorption behavior of these different species and hysteresis of sorption decreases when temperature increases. Hailwood-Horrobin model\&$\#$39;s explains plausibly the experimental sorption isotherms data. Results on characterization of mass transfer properties showed that, in the steady state, mass diffusivity decreases exponentially when basal density increases. Mass diffusivity was higher in desorption than in adsorption phase. The gaseous permeability of these species was between than those of Australian hardwoods and temperate woods. It was difficult to define a relationship between permeability and mass diffusivity.

}, url = {https://hal-centralesupelec.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01378513}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and R. REMOND and Y. ROGAUME and A. ZOULALIAN and P. PERRE} } @article {1599, title = { Modeling, of coupled heat and mass transfer during drying of tropical woods }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES }, volume = {109}, year = {2016}, pages = {299-308}, abstract = {

We have developed a model on drying of two tropical woods of ayous (Triplochiton Scleroxylon) and frake (Terminalia Superba) coming from Cameroon forests. Some thermophysical parameters used in the model were experimentally obtained in this work while the remaining properties were from literature. A comparison is doing between numerical results of our model, these given by the Luikov\&$\#$39;s model and experimental data. Numerical simulation results from the developed model give close agreement with experimental results. We note that Luikov\&$\#$39;s model not gives a satisfaction results in the non-hygroscopic domain in the case of frake. The present model can be used to explain the drying phenomenon of these two tropical species and can be applied to others species when necessary thermophysical parameters of these species are known. In a future work, it is important to integrate the influence of anatomical direction on our numerical and experimental results.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02521993/}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and R. REMOND and Y. ROGAUME and A. ZOULALIAN and B. BONOMA} } @article {1632, title = { Physical incorporation of particles in a porous media: a path to a smart wood }, journal = { EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS }, volume = {74}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

The aim of this work is to develop a functional wood incorporating, in its surface, physical and chemical properties that meet society demand. For instance: fire resistance, magnetic electrical conduction (metal-wood particles), antibacterial reaction (copper-wood), anti-pollution (zeolite-wood), dry coloring, reflective effects (minerals-wood). As part of the research on wooden materials, the technique of \"JAZOLTHOP(1)\" driving micrometric particles before combining them and moving in supersonic speeds was used in the framework of enriching a wooden substrate. Various tests were conducted on two wooden materials (fir and ash tree) submitted to four typologies of particles (steel shot, garnet, corundum and glass beads). The surfaces of the test samples were machined beforehand for a use of conventional smooth quality, thus defining a reference surface before incorporation. The enriched samples were characterized by using two optical techniques; firstly a surface technique through macroscopy Leica 110X ZP, then a volume technique through tomography(2). Subsequently, volume simulations (wood-inclusions) were implemented to study the thermal transfer. The obtained results showcase the existence of certain set conditions to reach the critical fluency of incorporation and to localize the enrichment on a parallel plan to the sample surface. The results show also the influence of particles concentration and the kind of the chosen wood on the final composite matrix/particle media.

}, author = {A. ZERRIAA and M. EL-GANAOUI and C. GERARDIN and A. TAZIBT and S. GABSI} } @article {1626, title = { SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF FOUR TROPICAL WOODS USING A DYNAMIC VAPOR SORPTION STANDARD ANALYSIS SYSTEM }, journal = { MADERAS-CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA }, volume = {18}, year = {2016}, pages = {403-412}, abstract = {

Sorption behavior of four tropical woods coming from Cameroon is studied using a Dynamic Vapor Sorption-Intrinsic apparatus. Sorption isotherms at 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C of Triplochiton scleroxylon (obeche), Entandrophragma cylindricum (sapele), Sterculia rhinopetala (lotofa) and Terminalia superba (frake also called limba) are compared to those in the literature with methods using saturated salts for lotofa and frake with satisfactory results. Experimental values are fitted using two sorption isotherm models. Sorption hysteresis is greatest in sapele and least in frake. When temperature increases, differences in the hysteresis of sorption among the woods decreases. Hystereses of all studied woods ranged from 0,5 to 3\%. Our studied woods have lower equilibrium moisture content probably caused by the higher values of extractives content. The water sorbed molecules on multilayer during both adsorption and desorption at 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C is greater in the case of frake and lower in the case of lotofa. The water sorbed molecules on multilayer of sapele is greater than those of obeche. The predominance of multilayer over monolayer of our woods is from 0,2 to 0,4 relative humidity in adsorption phase, and from 0,3 to 0,4 relative humidity in desorption phase.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02521999/}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and R. REMOND and Y. ROGAUME and A. ZOULALIAN and B. BONOMA} } @article {1234, title = {Adsorption of zinc in aqueous solution onto natural maghnite modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane}, journal = {Journal of Materials and Environmental Science}, volume = {6}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, chapter = {826}, author = {M.A. ZENASNI and S. BENFARHI and A. MERLIN and S. MOLINA and B. GEORGE and B. MEROUFEL} } @article {1578, title = { Catalytic conversion of methane over a biomass char for hydrogen production: deactivation and regeneration by steam gasification }, journal = { APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL }, volume = {490}, year = {2015}, pages = {170-180}, abstract = {

CH4 decomposition over a wood char was investigated as an alternative green catalyst.to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) deposition leads to apparent deactivation of the catalyst by pore-mouth plugging. The activity of the carbon bed and its available surface area are easily restored by H2O gasification. The used char with pyrocarbon deposition was even found to be more reactive to gasification than the fresh char used in our conditions. This finding was highlighted by: (i) determination of gasification reaction extents by steam, (ii) temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) of the fresh, used and reactivated chars and (iii) TPO under differential scanning calorimetry of these chars and demineralised chars. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis of the chars showed different multiscale organisation of the carbon materials (disordered and graphitic mesoporous nanostructures). The fast regeneration of the used char could be attributed to the catalytic effect of the minerals present in the char that are reduced under our conditions of CH4 conversion. The predominant oxidation of the pyrocarbon compared to the char during its regeneration is evidenced through differential annealing (at 1800 degrees C) followed by XRD analysis. The oxidation of pyrocarbon is faster than the oxidation of the weakly reactive mesoporous carbon in char as shown by the HRTEM analysis. Consequently, wood char is an effective, easy to regenerate and cheap catalyst for converting hydrocarbons (CH4 or tar) into syngas.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01227900}, author = {A. DUFOUR and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and F. BROUST and C. COURSON and A. ZOULALIAN and J.N. ROUZAUD} } @article {1572, title = { Cutting and grinding wheels for angle grinders with a bioresin matrix }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {264-269}, abstract = {

By using biosourced raw materials such as condensed tannins and furfuryl alcohol a biosourced thermoset resin was developed and used and tested for a new application: as a resin matrix of solid grinding wheels for angle grinders. The manufacturing procedure developed is particularly easy. Cutting and grinding discs based on this green resin were used for bonding different sizes of abrasive particles of aluminium trioxide. These discs were characterized and showed excellent abrasiveness and cutting properties. Their mechanical resistance was found to be comparable to that of commercial grinding discs bonded with synthetic phenolic resins. They tolerated well the severe stresses induced on them at 11,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) by operation in an angle grinder when grinding or cutting steel.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598432}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and J. ZHANG and A. PIZZI} } @article {1414, title = {Dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure to enhance pine wood surfaces hydrophilic character and adhesion properties}, journal = {Wood Research}, volume = {60 }, year = {2015}, chapter = {773-782}, author = {ZHANG, J. and PIZZI, A. and LAGEL, M.C. and DU, G. and ZHOU, X. and WANG,H.} } @article {1250, title = {Enhancement of mechanical strength of environmentally friendly Pinus tannins adhesives for particleboards production using cellulose nanofibers.}, journal = {Ann. Forest Sc.}, volume = {72}, year = {2015}, pages = {27-32}, abstract = {

Condensed tannins have been successfully used as substitutes for phenol in the production of resins for wood products. However, the enhancement of the properties of tannin-based resins with nontoxic and cost effective additives is of great interest.

In the present work, the performance enhancement of tannin-based particleboards with cellulose nanofibers was investigated.

In presence of 2 \% of cellulose nanofibers, the viscosity of tannin-based adhesives and the internal bonding strength (IB) of the corresponding particleboards were increased from 350 to 5,462 mPa center dot s and from 0.85 to 0.98 MPa respectively. The modulus of elastic (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the resins were also notably increased while thickness swelling (TS) of the panels was not affected.

The addition of cellulose nanofibers to tannin adhesives is an effective method for the production of high performance particleboards. Tannin-based adhesive containing 2 \% of cellulose nanofibers exhibits the best mechanical strength.

The addition of cellulose nanofibers into tannin-based adhesives notably enhanced the mechanical properties of the wood particleboards produced. The formulation containing 2 \% (w/w) of cellulose nanofibers exhibited the best mechanical strength.

}, author = {J. CUI and X. LU and X. ZHOU and L. CHRUSCIEL and Y. DENG and H. ZHOU and S. ZHU and N. BROSSE} } @article {1570, title = { Flavonoid tannins linked to long carbohydrate chains - MALDI-TOF analysis of the tannin extract of the African locust bean shells }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {25-32}, abstract = {

Nere (Parkia biglobosa) or African locust bean tree tannins have been extracted in two different ways: (i) by an artisanal maceration method and (ii) by a commercial-like extraction in presence of bisulfite. The type of oligomers obtained in the two cases were rather different. Mostly polyphenolic oligomers are present in the case of the commercial like extraction, while for the artisanal maceration technique the unusual presence of long carbohydrate residues attached to the flavonoids were obtained. MALDI-TOF analysis showed short flavonoid oligomers linked to chains presenting up to 22 carbohydrate residues. Some stilbenes were also noticed in the extracts. These differences in the extracts obtained by different methods indicates that an extraction procedure needs to be chosen according to the final use the tannin extract is destined to.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598433}, author = {S. DROVOU and A. PIZZI and C. LACOSTE and J.Z. ZHANG and S. ABDULLA and F.M. EL-MARZOUKI} } @article {1567, title = { Formaldehyde-Free Prorobitenidin/Profi setinidin Tannin/Furanic Foams Based on Alternative Aldehydes: Glyoxal and Glutaraldehyde }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, pages = {142-150}, abstract = {

Tannin/furanic foams, typically 95\% composed of materials of natural origin such as prorobinetinidin/profisetinidin tannins and furfuryl alcohol, are potential alternatives to oil-based synthetic foams such as phenol-formaldehyde, and polyurethane foams. This article describes the development of second generation tannin/furanic foams, which are not only formaldehyde free, but also use nonvolatile, nontoxic aldehydes. Both glyoxal and glutaraldehyde were tried to substitute formaldehyde in tannin/furanic foams. The physical properties of these new foams are described and discussed. It was found that glutaraldehyde can totally substitute formaldehyde during tannin/furanic foam preparation, but that glyoxal cannot. The optimized proportion to prepare such new foams is tannin: glutaraldehyde = 30:4 by weight. Formaldehyde-free glutaraldehyde-containing foams are open-celled and present good compression resistance and high thermal insulation.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294584}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1586, title = { Hyperbranched Poly(amidoamine)s as Additives for Urea Formaldehyde Resin and Their Application in Particleboard Fabrication }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {782-792}, abstract = {

Three types of hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s (PAMAMs), namely HB(MA-EDA)1, HB(MA-EDA)3, and HB(MA-DETA)1.2, were synthesized and used as modifiers for urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Particleboards bonded with these modified UF resins were fabricated and evaluated. The results showed that these PAMAMs caused some adverse effects on UF resin performance. The main problems of PAMAMs were their high buffer capacity and high pH values, which are attributed to the peripheral amino groups at the terminals, both of which had a serious negative influence on UF resin curing. These findings were supported by the gel time measurements in parallel with a predictive investigation on the resins using thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The gel time was prolonged, and the maximum modulus of elasticity (MOE) values decreased with the addition of HB(MA-EDA)3. The use of a strong acid curing agent (HCOOH) could reduce the gel time into a normal range; however the performance of the corresponding particleboards still deteriorated. Therefore, these PAMAMs are considered not suitable for the modification of UF resin when applied as final additives. Beyond all expectations, the modified UF resin that employed very finite amounts of HB(MA-EDA)1 as a pH regulator instead of NaOH yielded a considerable upgrade in performance of the produced particleboards.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01598426/}, author = {J.Z. ZHANG and S. AMIROU and H.A. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and Q. GAO and J.Z. LI} } @article {1415, title = {The influence of heat and chemical treatments of beech wood on the shear strength of welded and UF bonded specimens, }, journal = {Eur. J. Wood Prod. }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, chapter = {685-687}, author = {ZIGON, J. and PIZZI, A. and ZHANG, H. and SEGA, B. and COP, M. and {\v S}ERNEK, M.} } @article {1555, title = {An interpretation of the hydrogen inhibiting effect on chemical vapor deposition of pyrocarbon}, journal = { JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS }, volume = {115}, year = {2015}, pages = {299-306}, abstract = {

A detailed kinetic mechanism, based on elementary steps, modeling both pyrocarbon deposition and gas phase composition obtained by propane pyrolysis on carbon fibers was recently proposed. This model, based on heterogeneous and homogeneous elementary steps was efficient to predict pyrocarbon deposition rate and gas phase composition when the influence of temperature (1173-1323 K), residence time (0.5-4s), carbon surface fibers, and reactor inlet mixture were studied. In this paper, we discuss experimental and modeling results of hydrogen inhibiting effects on pyrocarbon deposited and gas phase composition during propane/hydrogen pyrolysis (temperature 1273 K, residence time 1 s, surface fibers 3960 cm(-1)). Simulated results are coherent with experimental data when the pyrocarbon deposition rate is studied. Compared to pure propane chemical vapor deposition, the mole fractions of C-2 gas phase species are not affected by an increasing of hydrogen inlet, whereas pyrocarbon deposition rate and mole fractions of C-3 and aromatic species decrease. These results also confirm, in accordance with the literature, that hydrogen inhibits highly the formation of pyrocarbon and aromatic species.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01266246}, author = {I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and R. FOURNET and R. LACROIX and P.M. MARQUAIRE} } @article {1543, title = {Kinetic modelling of char gasification by accounting for the evolution of the reactive surface area}, journal = {CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE}, volume = {138}, year = {2015}, pages = {281-290}, abstract = {

In combustion and gasification reactors, solid fuels such as coal or biomass undergo a pyrolysis step to form volatiles and a char. Pyrolysis is combined with an oxidation by O-2, H2O and/or CO2 of the resultant char. Here we propose an original approach to model the oxidation of a single char particle. The intrinsic chemical reactivity of the char surface is assessed by the reactive surface area (RSA). The evolution of the RSA upon the conversion of the particle (burn-off) is modelled by a specific kinetic law similar to the law used to model the evolution of active sites in catalysis. This approach is applied on experimental results taken from the literature for coal and wood chars for O-2, H2O or CO2 gasification. The evolution of the total surface area (TSA) is modelled by the random pore model. Diffusional limitations are also accounted for.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01196324}, author = {A. ZOULALIAN and R. BOUNACEUR and A. DUFOUR} } @article {1413, title = {MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of the curing of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) wood adhesives induced by propylene carbonate,}, journal = {, Eur. J. Wood Prod.}, volume = {73 }, year = {2015}, chapter = {135-138}, author = {ZHANG, J. and PIZZI, A. and LI, J. and ZHANG, W.} } @article {1559, title = { Preparation and Characterization of Grinding Wheels Based on a Bioresin Matrix and Glass Sand Abrasives }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {5369-5380}, abstract = {

A 100\% renewable, easily-prepared, and industrialized abrasive grinding wheel was produced based on a biobased thermosetting resins matrix; the matrix was made of condensed tannin-furanic resin, originating from biosourced raw materials such as tree barks and crops, which bond the particles of glass sand. These grinding wheels exhibited no cracks or pores. Moreover, the related properties of these products were characterized by the measurements of compression resistance, Brinell hardness, and wear resistance; the results were comparable to those of commercial grinding wheels prepared with synthetic phenolic resins and aluminum oxide particles. The results indicated that incomparable hardness and strong resistance towards compression can be obtained using the new tannin-based grinding wheels. Besides that, the results also revealed excellent properties of abrasiveness when compared to a commercial Taber Calibrade wheel H-18.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599793}, author = {J. ZHANG and H. LUO and A. PIZZI and G. DU and S. DENG} } @article {1391, title = {Utilisation of hydrophilic/ hydrophobic poly(amidoamine)s as additives for melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives and consequent application in particleboard fabrication,}, journal = {Polymers Adv. Technol. }, year = {2015}, pages = { 2255-2264 }, author = {S. AMIROU and J. ZHANG and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and A. ZERIZER and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1232, title = {Adsorption of Congo Red from aqueous solution using CTAB-Kaolin form Bechar- Algeria. }, journal = {Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology}, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {332}, author = {M.A. ZENASNI and B. MEROUFEL and A. MERLIN and B. GEORGE} } @article {1187, title = {Characterisation and application of urea-formaldehyde-furfural co-condensed resins as wood adhesives.}, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {6267}, author = {J. ZHANG and H. CHEN and A. PIZZI and Y. LI and Q. GAO and J. LI} } @article {1194, title = {Comparison of linear vibration welded joints in three different directions of the wood tauari (Couratari oblongifolia)}, journal = {Int. Wood Products J.}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {228}, author = {H. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and X. LU and G. JANIN} } @article {1198, title = {Effect of some hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s as additives for urea formaldehyde (UF) resin before their application in particleboards fabrication. }, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {10}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {782}, author = {J. ZHANG and S. AMIROU and A. PIZZI and Q. GAO and H. ESSAWY and J. LI} } @article {1001, title = {Enhancement of Mechanical Strength of Environmentally Friendly Pinus Tannins Adhesives for Particleboard Production using Cellulose Nanofibers}, journal = {Ann. Forest Sc.}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {CUI, J. and LU, X. and ZHOU, X. and CHRUSCIEL, L. and DENG, Y. and ZHOU, H. and ZHU, S. and BROSSE, N.} } @article {1195, title = {High pressure paper laminates from mimosa tannin resin. }, journal = {Int. Wood Products J.}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {224}, author = {U.H. ABDULLAH and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU} } @article {697, title = {Improving the Operation of an Automatic Wood Chip Boiler by Optimizing CO Emissions}, journal = {Energy \& Fuels}, volume = {28}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {2152-2159}, author = {A. QUINTERO-MARQUEZ and C. BERNARD and A. ZOULALIAN and Y. ROGAUME} } @article {1162, title = {Investigation of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of Algerian date palm wood. }, journal = {Materials Testing}, volume = {56}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {236}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. ZERIZER and A. PIZZI} } @article {1202, title = {MALDI-TOF analysis of tannin-resorcinol resins by alternative aldehydes}, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {186}, author = {A. SAUGET and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and } } @article {1220, title = {Modeling and simulation of the drying of beech timber (Fagus Sylvatica) using oscillating regimes. }, journal = {International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {83}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and Y. ROGAUME and A. ZOULALIAN} } @article {1214, title = {Modeling of the coupled heat and mass transfer during the drying of the tropical woods coming from Cameroon : the cas of Lotofa and Sapelle. }, journal = {International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. }, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {385}, author = {M. SIMO-TAGNE and R. REMOND and Y. ROGAUME and A. ZOULALIAN} } @article {1160, title = {Optimisation of tensile shear strength of linear mechanically wleded outer to inner Moso Bamboo (phyllostachys pubescens)}, journal = {BioRessources }, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {2500}, author = {H. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X. LU and X. ZHOU} } @article {1181, title = { Palmyra palm bonding by vibrational welding.}, journal = {Eur. J. Wood \& Wood products}, volume = {72}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {693}, author = {H. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and X. LU and G. JANIN} } @article {1176, title = {Performance of larch (Larix gmelini) tanninmodified urea-formaldehyde (TUF) resin and plywood bonded by TUF resin. }, journal = {J. Appl. Polym. Sciences}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {J. ZHANG and H.J. KANG and Q. GAO and J. LI and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1156, title = {Pine tannin adhesive for plywood.}, journal = {Int. Wood Products J.}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {27}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1158, title = {Second generation of dendritic poly(amidoaldehyde) as modifying components of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive: subsequent use in particleboard production. }, journal = {J. Polymer Research}, volume = {21}, year = {2014}, author = {X. ZHOU and H.A. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and J. ZHANG and H. PASCH and G. DU} } @article {1184, title = {A SEM record of proteins-derived microcellular silicon carbide foams. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {230}, author = {A. PIZZI and C. ZOLLFRANK and X. LI and M. CANGEMI and A. CELZARD} } @article {700, title = {Surfactant recovery by foam fractionation using the Gas-Liquid Contactor, Emulsion Venturi}, journal = {Separation science and technology. }, volume = {49}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {311-316}, author = {N. KHELLAF and M. BOUHELASSA and A. ZOULALIAN} } @article {1171, title = {Synthesis and chemical structure of a novel glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde (GUF) co-condensed resins with different MMU/G molar ratios by 13CNMR and MALDI-TOF-MS.}, journal = {J. Appl. Polym. Sciences}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {S. DENG and A. PIZZI and G. DU and J. ZHANG and Ju. ZHANG} } @article {1157, title = {Tannin-resorcicol-formaldehyde resin and flax fibers biocomposites.}, journal = {J. renewable Mat. }, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {173}, author = {A. SAUGET and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1179, title = {Utilization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic Hyperbranched Poly(amidoamines)s additives fort melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives.}, journal = {Polymer Composites}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {S. AMIROU and J. ZHANG and A. PIZZI and H. ESSAWY and A. ZERIZER and J. LI and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {606, title = {Adsorption of Nickel in Aqueous Solution onto Natural Maghnite}, journal = {Materials Sciences and Applications}, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {153-161}, author = {M. ZENASNI and S. BENFARHI and A. MERLIN and S. MOLINA and B. GEORGE and B. MEROUFEL} } @article {598, title = {Adsorption of Nickel in Aqueous Solution onto Natural Maghnite}, journal = {Materials Sciences and Applications}, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {153-161}, author = {MD. A. ZENASNI and S. BENFARHI and A. MERLIN and S. MOLINA and B. GEORGE and B. MEROUFEL} } @article {608, title = {Effects of corona discharge treatment on the mechanical properties of biocomposites from polylactic acid and Algerian date palm fibres}, journal = {Sci. Res. Essays}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {946-952}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. ZERIZER and I. HADDADOU and A. MERLIN} } @article {642, title = {Enhancing particleboard adhesives performance by glutaraldehyde addition}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {129-130}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {691, title = {Experimental study of the oxidation and pyrolysis of dibenzofuran at very low concentration}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering}, volume = {2}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {143-153}, author = {A. TRITZ and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and C. PERRIN and P.P. MARQUAIRE} } @article {1226, title = {Kinetic study of abatement of low concentration of dibenzofuran by oxidation- Effect of co-reactants.}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal}, volume = {218}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {154}, author = {I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and R. BOUNACOEUR and C. PERRIN and P.M. MARQUAIRE} } @article {632, title = {Lightweight tannin foam/composites sandwich panels and the coldset tannin adhesive to assemble them}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {255-260}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and A. SAUGET and A. NICOLLIN and X. LI and A. CELZARD and H. PASCH and K. RODE} } @article {675, title = {MALDI-TOF and 13C NMR analysis of a renewable resource additive {\textendash} Thermoplastic acetylated tannins}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {851-857}, author = {A. NICOLLIN and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and W.J. GRIGSBY and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {650, title = {Mimosa tannin resins for impregnated paper overlays}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {153-162}, author = {U. HANI-ABDULLAH and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE and H.R. MANSOURI} } @article {669, title = {Multifunctional porous solids derived from tannins}, journal = {J.Physics: Conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {012023}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and W. ZHAO} } @article {673, title = {Natural tannin/furanic thermosetting moulding plastics}, journal = {RSC (Royal Chemical Society) Advances}, volume = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {17732-17740}, author = {X. LI and A. NICOLLIN and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and A. SAUGET and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {628, title = {Nitrogen removal from wood laminated flooring waste by low-temperature pyrolysis.}, journal = {Waste Biomass Valor.}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {J. LEMONON and P. GIRODS and C. ROGAUME and A. ZOULALIAN and Y. ROGAUME and D. PERRIN} } @article {1151, title = {A note on the surface quality of plywood overlaid with mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) tannin and melamine urea formaldehyde impregnated paper: effects of moisture content of resin-impregnated papers before pressing on the physical properties of overlaid panels }, journal = {Int. Wood Products J. }, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {253}, author = {U. H. ABDULLAH and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and A. MERLIN} } @article {682, title = {Particleboard production from date palm biomass}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {717-723}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. ZERIZER and A. PIZZI and I. HADDADOU and X. ZHOU} } @article {666, title = {Performance of MUF resins for particleboard before and after spry-drying}, journal = { J.AdhesionSci.Technol.}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {2219-2225}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {660, title = {Phenolic resin adhesives based on chestnut hydrolysable tannins Wood Prod. J., 2013, 4(2): 95-100 }, journal = { Intern.Wood Prod.J.}, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {95-100}, author = {S. SPINA and X. ZHOU and C. SEGOVIA and A. PIZZI and M. ROMAGNOLI and S. GIOVANDO and H. PASCH and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {683, title = {Poly(amidoamine)s dendrimers of different generations as components of melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives used for particleboards production: What are the positive implications?}, journal = {J.Polymer Res.}, volume = {20}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {267-280}, author = {X. ZHOU and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and X. LI and H. PASCH and N. PRETORIUS and G. DU} } @article {599, title = {Removal of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solution onto Kaolin by Batch Design}, journal = {Journal of Water Resource and Protection}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {669-680}, author = {B. MEROUFEL and O. BENALI and M. BENYAHIA and MD. A. ZENASNI and A. MERLIN and B. GEORGE} } @article {607, title = {Removal of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solution onto Kaolin by Batch Design}, journal = {Journal of Water Resource and Protection}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {669-680}, author = {B. MEROUFEL and O. BENALI and M. BENYAHIA and MD. A. ZENASNI and A. MERLIN and B. GEORGE} } @article {638, title = {Structure and oxidation resistance of microcellular Si-SiC foams derived from natural resins}, journal = {Ceramics International}, volume = {39}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1841-1851}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and C. ZOLLFRANK and A. ORTONA and S. PUSTERLA and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1242, title = {Study on a bamboo stressed flattening process}, journal = {Eur. J. Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {291}, author = {J. LIU and H. ZHANG and L. CHRUSCIEL and B. NA and X. LU} } @article {630, title = {Study on a bamboo stressed flattening process.}, journal = {European journal of wood and wood products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {291-296}, author = {L. JIN and H. ZHANG and L. CHRUSCIEL and B. NA and X. LU} } @article {686, title = {Surface quality of plywood overlaid with mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) tannin and melamine urea formaldehyde impregnated paper:~ Effects of moisture content of resin-impregnated papers before pressing on the physical properties of overlaid panels}, journal = {Int. wood Products J. }, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {253-256}, author = {U.H. ABDULLAH and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and A. MERLIN} } @article {1228, title = {Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole/maghnite nanocomposites by in situ intercalative polymerization. }, journal = {International Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {2}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {68}, author = {M.A. ZENASNI and B. MEROUFEL and S. BENFARHI and M. CHEHIMI and S. MOLINA and B. GEORGE and M. RAGOUBI and A. MERLIN} } @article {676, title = {Tannin-based flax fibre-reinforced bio-composites for structural application in Superlight Electric Vehicles}, journal = { Ind Crops \& Prod}, volume = {50}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {68-76}, author = {J. ZHU and H. ABHYANKAR and J. NJUGUNA and D. PERREUX and F. THIEBAUD and D. CHAPELLE and A. PIZZI and A. SAUGET and A. NICOLLIN} } @article {668, title = {Tannin-resorcinol-aldehyde cold-set wood adhesives with only formaldehyde as hardener}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {537-538}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {636, title = {Upgrading of MUF Wood Adhesives for Particleboard by Highly-Branched Polymers}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1058-1068}, author = {X. ZHOU and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and X. LI and K. RODE and G. DU} } @article {566, title = {Adsorption of Cu(II) on maghnite from aqueous solution: Effects of pH, initial concentration, interaction time and temperature}, journal = {Natural Science}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {856-868}, author = {M.A. ZENASNI and S. BENFARHI and A. MERLIN and S. MOLINA and B. GEORGE and B. MEROUFEL} } @article {536, title = {Condensed tannins from grape pomace : characterization by FTIR and MALDI TOF and production of environment friendly wood adhesive}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {40}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {13-20}, author = {LANG,PING and PIZZI, A. and ZHOU-DING, G. and BROSSE, N.} } @article {529, title = {The effect of nanoclay on melamine-urea-formaldehyde wood adhesives}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1341-1348}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {575, title = {Enhancing water resistance of welded dowel wood joints by acetylated lignin}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {252-262}, author = {A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and P. NAVARRETE and C. SEGOVIA and H.R. MANSOURI and M-I. PLACENTIA-PENA and F. PICHELIN} } @article {1227, title = {High temperature reforming of hydrocarbons in a gas from biomass}, journal = {Fuel}, volume = {243}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {70}, author = {H. HIBLOT and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and R. FOURNET and P.A. GLAUDE} } @article {516, title = {Performance of MUF resins for particleboard before and after spry-drying}, journal = {ProLigno}, volume = {8}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {3-9}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and G. DU} } @article {545, title = {Wood adhesives from agricultural by-products: lignins and tannins for the elaboration of particleboards}, journal = {Cellulose Chem Techn.}, volume = {46}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {457-462}, author = {LAN-PING, F. and GAMBIER, F. and PIZZI, A. and ZHOU-DING, G. and BROSSE, N.} } @article {1147, title = {Wood blockboards for construction by wood welding with pre-oiled dowels.}, journal = {J. Adh. Science Technology}, year = {2012}, author = {C. SEGOVIA and X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {712, title = {Condensed tannins extraction from grape pomace: characterization and utilization as wood adhesives for wood particleboard.}, journal = {Industrial Crops Product sous presse}, volume = {34}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, chapter = {907-914}, author = {LAN, P. and BROSSE, N. and PIZZI, A. and ZHOU-DING, G.} } @article {770, title = {Bimodal cellular activated carbons derived from tannins}, journal = {J. Mater. Sci}, volume = {45}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {5778-5785}, author = {ZHAO, W. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {772, title = {Effect of composition and processing parameters on the characteristics of tannin-based rigid foams. Part 2: Physical properties}, journal = {Materials Chem. \& Phys.}, volume = {123}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {210-217}, author = {ZHAO, W. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A. and DU, G. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {771, title = { Effect of composition and processing parameters on the characteristics of tannin-based rigid foams. Part 1: Cell structure.}, journal = {Materials Chem. \& Phys.}, volume = {122}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {175-182}, author = {ZHAO, W. and PIZZI, A. and FIERRO, V. and DU, G. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {735, title = {Mechanical properties of tannin-based rigid foams undergoing compression}, journal = {Materials Science and Engineering A}, volume = {A527}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {4438-4446}, author = {CELZARD, A. and ZHAO, W. and PIZZI, A. and FIERRO, V.} } @article {775, title = {Modeling of transient mass transfer of a gaseous component in a isothermal porous adsorbent}, journal = {Maderas: Ciencia y Technologia}, volume = {12}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {115-125}, author = {PETRISSANS, A. and OUARTASSI, B. and ZOULALIAN, A. and PETRISSANS, M.} } @article {737, title = {Proton conductivity properties of acid doped fluoroalkylated 1,2,3-triazole.}, journal = {Journal of Fluorine Chemistry}, volume = {131}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {776-779}, author = {COSGUN, S. and {\c C}ELIK, S.{\"U}. and {\"O}ZDEN, S. and T{\"U}YS{\"U}Z, S. and BOZKURT, A. and GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER, C.} } @article {846, title = {1,1,3-Trichloro-1H-isoindole as a versatile reagent in the N{\textquoteright},N{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}-1H-isoindole-1,3-diylidenedicarbohydrazide synthesis}, journal = {Tetrahedron}, volume = {65}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {6218-6225}, author = {HORDIYENKO, O.V. and RUDENKO, I.V. and BIITSEVA, A.V. and TUROV, A.V. and ARRAULT, A. and BROSSE, N. and FABRE, O. and JAMART-GREGOIRE, B. and ZUBATYUK, R.I. and SHISHKIN, O.V.} } @article {887, title = {Activated carbon prepared from wood particleboard wastes : characterization and phenol adsorption capacities}, journal = {Journal of Hazardous materials}, volume = {166}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {491-501}, author = {GIRODS, P. and DUFOUR, A. and FIERRO, V. and ROGAUME, Y. and ROGAUME, C. and ZOULALIAN, A. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {888, title = {Comparison of gasification and pyrolysis of thermal pre-treated wood board waste}, journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis}, volume = {85}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {171-183}, author = {GIRODS, P. and DUFOUR, A. and ROGAUME, Y. and ROGAUME, C. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {889, title = {Diagnostic environnemental du chauffage au bois dans les appareils ind{\'e}pendants}, journal = {Pollution atmosph{\'e}rique}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {135-154}, author = {ROGAUME, C. and ROGAUME, Y. and ZOULALIAN, A. and TROUVE, G.} } @article {885, title = {Effect of micropores diffusion on kinetics of CH4 decomposition over a wood-derived carbon catalyst}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A: General}, volume = {360}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {120-125}, author = {DUFOUR, A. and CELZARD, A. and OUARTASSI, B. and BROUST, F. and FIERRO, V. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {881, title = {Introducing an overall mass-transfer coefficient for prediction of drying curves at low-temperature drying rates.}, journal = {Wood Science and Technology}, volume = {43}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {43-56}, author = {ANANIAS, R. and MOUGEL, E. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {886, title = { Mechanisms and kinetics of methane thermal conversion in a syngas}, journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research}, volume = {48}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {6564-6572}, author = {DUFOUR, A. and VALIN, S. and CASTELLI, P. and THIERY, S. and BOISSONNET, G. and ZOULALIAN, A. and GLAUDE, P.A.} } @article {882, title = {Modelling of a solar wood dryer with glazed walls}, journal = {Maderas: Ciencia y Technologie}, volume = {11}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {191-205}, author = {BEKKIOU, N. and ZOULALIAN, A. and KAKAM, A. and BENTAYEB, F. and SESBOU, A.} } @article {880, title = { A practical approach for medelling and control of biomass pyrolysis pilot plant with heat recovery from combustion of pyrolysis products}, journal = {Fuel Processing Technology}, volume = {90}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {1278-1285}, author = {ABBASSI, M.A. and GRIOUI, N. and HALOUANI, K. and ZOULALIAN, A. and ZEGHMATI, B.} } @article {884, title = {Synthesis gas production by biomass pyrolysis : effect of reactor temperature on product distribution}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {34}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {1726-1734}, author = {DUFOUR, A. and GIRODS, P. and MASSON, E. and ROGAUME, Y. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {877, title = {Tannin-based rigid foams: a survey of chemical and physical properties}, journal = {Bioresource Techn.}, volume = {100}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {5162-5169}, author = {TONDI, G. and ZHAO, W. and PIZZI, A. and FIERRO, V. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {891, title = {Technical note : Equilibrium moisture content of Norway spruce at low pressure}, journal = {Wood and Fiber Sciences}, volume = {41}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {325-328}, author = {ZOULALIAN, A. and CHEN, Z. and MOUGEL, E. and PERRE, P. and YOUGS, R.L.} } @article {935, title = {Catalytic decomposiition of methane over a wood char concurrently activated by a pyrolysis gas}, journal = {Applied Catalysis: General}, volume = {346}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {164-173}, author = {DUFOUR, A. and CELZARD, C. and FIERRO, V. and MARTIN, E. and BROUST, F. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {938, title = {Low temperature pyrolysis of wood waste containing urea-formaldehyde resin}, journal = {Renewable energy}, volume = {33}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {648-654}, author = {GIRODS, P. and ROGAUME, Y. and DUFOUR, A. and ROGAUME, C. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {936, title = {Pyrolysis of wood waste containing urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins}, journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis}, volume = {1}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {113-120}, author = {GIRODS, P. and DUFOUR, A. and ROGAUME, Y. and ROGAUME, C. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {937, title = {Thermal removal of nitrogen species from wood waste containing urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde resins}, journal = {Journal of Hazardous materials}, volume = {159}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {210-221}, author = {GIRODS, P. and DUFOUR, A. and ROGAUME, Y. and ROGAUME, C. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {939, title = {Two step process of thermo-chemical conversion of wood waste contaminated by aminoplast resins}, journal = {International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering}, volume = {6}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, author = {GIRODS, P. and ROGAUME, Y. and DUFOUR, A. and ROGAUME, C. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {970, title = {A comparison of two methods of measuring wood pyrolysis tars}, journal = {Journal of Chromatography A}, volume = {1164}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, chapter = {240-247}, author = {DUFOUR, A. and GIRODS, P. and 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