@article {1844,
	title = { Toward the cottonization of hemp fibers by steam explosion. Flame-retardant fibers },
	journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS },
	volume = {151},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {<p>The goal is to produce cottonized hemp fibers with improved thermal stability. It was first found that the fine hemp fibers produced from technical non-retted hemp fibers by steam explosion exhibited an enhanced thermal stability. An efficient and low-cost process was developed using a mixture of urea/etidronic acid in aqueous solution in order to achieve a high phosphorus content and produce flame retardant fibers by chemical grafting. ICP, P-31 and C-13 NMR, SEM, thermogravimetric, Pyrolysis-Combustion Flow Calorimetry analyses and a flame test were used to characterize the grafted fibers. Fibers modified with relatively high P and N contents have been produced (approximate to 6 wt \% and approximate to 4 wt \% respectively) but lower grafting rates (P approximate to 0.5 \% and N approximate to 0.35 \%) are sufficient to produce non-flammable fibers. A synergistic effect between N and P has been proposed to induce the formation of a stable char.</p>},
	url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02676818},
	author = {M. MOUSSA and R. EL-HAGE and R. SONNIER and L. CHRUSCIEL and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE}
}
