@article {1686,
	title = { Stability and combustion of metal nano-particles and their additive impact with diesel and biodiesel on engine efficiency: A comprehensive study },
	journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY },
	volume = {9},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {<p>Nano-fluids are described as a relatively new kind of colloidal solution with a particle size smaller than one billionth of a meter (1-100 nm) suspended in the base fluid so as to enhance the thermo-physical properties, which makes them an obvious choice for use in a number of commercial applications, including engineering, medical sciences, biotechnology, agriculture technology, and transportation. With the advancement in nanotechnology during the past few years, the scientific community focuses on improvising the combustion behavior, stability aspects, various engine performance parameters, and emission characteristics of conventional diesel engines using nano-particle laden diesel biodiesel fuel blends. Most recently, a few experimental works on the above issues using nano-sized metallic, non-metallic, organic, and mixed particles in the base liquid fuel for diesel engines have appeared in the open literature. The results obtained are very encouraging due to multifold enhancement in the thermo-physical and chemical properties of modified fuels, such as high surface to volume ratio, high reactive medium for combustion, enhanced heat and mass transport properties due to high thermal conductivity, and improvement in the flash point, fire point, pour point, etc., depending on the type of nano-particles used and their particle size and concentration with base fuels. Despite having all superiorities, somewhat unclear and contradictory results are found in the literature. Further, the experimental results of different researchers are not generalized so far as to reach a common consensus about this new approach of fuel modification. Keeping all these facts in mind, a serious attempt has been made to summarize important published work on combustion and stability aspects of nano-particle laden diesel, biodiesel fuels, and their blends and their overall effects on fuel and engine characteristics with the objective to provide a pathway to conduct further research in this area for utilizing the maximum potential of nanoparticle fuel emulsion technology and to provide a promising future fuel for diesel engines.</p>},
	author = {S. ABDALLA and R. AL-WAFI and A. PIZZI}
}
