@article {1858, title = { Beech wood modification based on in situ esterification with sorbitol and citric acid }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {54}, year = {2020}, pages = {479-502}, abstract = {

In this study, modification of European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) through in situ esterification of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) was investigated at two curing temperatures, 140 and 160 degrees C. In order to determine the optimum condition for modification, an aqueous solution of SorCA at varying concentrations was evaluated (10, 20, 30, and 55\% w/w). Physical, mechanical, chemical, and durability properties of the modified wood were examined. Results have disclosed that among different SorCA concentrations, treatment with SorCA at 30\% w/w was considered as the optimum concentration independent of the curing temperature. Under these conditions, anti-swelling efficiency increased to approx. 55\% and modulus of elasticity increased slightly with approx. 9\% in comparison with untreated wood. Decay resistance against white-rot (Trametes versicolor), brown-rot (Coniphora puteana), and soft-rotting microfungi classified the SorCA-30\%-modified wood as very durable. In addition, thermogravimetric study evidenced that SorCA 30\%-modified wood has a lower thermal decomposition temperature in comparison with untreated wood/wood control by 20 degrees C difference, indicating that the SorCA-modified wood possibly has fire-retardant properties. However, due to the acidic properties of the SorCA solution, modulus of rupture (MOR) and mainly work to maximum load in bending decreased considerably.

}, author = {M. MUBAROK and H. MILITZ and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1880, title = { Resistance against subterranean termite of beech wood impregnated with different derivatives of glycerol or polyglycerol and maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification: a field test study }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {78}, year = {2020}, pages = {387-392}, abstract = {

Termite resistance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) modified with a combination of chemical and thermal methods was investigated in field tests. Modification was performed by impregnating different aqueous solutions of glycerol maleate or polyglycerol maleate at different concentrations (10 or 40\%, w/w) into the wood, followed by thermal treatment at different temperatures (180, 200, or 220 degrees C). Field tests were conducted for one-year at Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. All wood samples treated with the combination of chemical and thermal modifications presented significantly higher termite resistance than thermally modified and untreated wood samples. Curing at 200 or 220 degrees C resulted in better performance with mass losses due to termite attack of less than 5\%.

}, author = {M. MUBAROK and H. MILITZ and I.W. DARMAWAN and Y.S. HADI and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1800, title = { Comparison of different treatments based on glycerol or polyglycerol additives to improve properties of thermally modified wood }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {77}, year = {2019}, pages = {799-810}, abstract = {

Impregnation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) with 10\% w/w aqueous solution of different additives made from the reaction of glycerol or polyglycerol with glycidyl methacrylate or maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification at 150, 200 or 220 degrees C under inert conditions was investigated to evaluate potential synergies between chemical and thermal treatments. Treated and untreated wood were analysed to evaluate mass changes and bulking values after treatments, resistance of treatment to leaching, wettability, anti-swelling efficiency, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), decay resistance against Coriolus versicolor and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes. Results revealed that synergic effects between a combination of light chemical modification and thermal treatments can be observed at higher temperature treatments (200 and 220 degrees C), improving wood dimensional stability (approximately 80\%), decay, and termite resistance properties. However, MOE and MOR values decreased by approximately 30\% and 60\%, respectively. Treated samples resulting from the combination of chemical and thermal treatment performed at 220 degrees C present improved durability against the termites R. flavipes.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02352486}, author = {M. MUBAROK and S. DUMARCAY and H. MILITZ and K. CANDELIER and M.F. THEVENON and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1790, title = { Non-biocide antifungal and anti-termite wood preservation treatments based on combinations of thermal modification with different chemical additives }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {77}, year = {2019}, pages = {1125-1136}, abstract = {

The synergic effect between a mild chemical and thermal modification of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) has been studied. A low concentration of additives based on vinylic-polyglycerol, vinylic-glycerol, and maleic anhydride was impregnated into beech wood, followed by curing under different temperature conditions at 103, 150, 200, and 220 degrees C. The modified wood was then analyzed for its leaching resistance, dimensional stability, wettability, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending, decay resistance against Trametes versicolor, and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes. Results have disclosed a synergic effect of thermo-chemical wood modification under 200 and 220 degrees C curing conditions. At these curing temperatures, thermo-chemically modified beech presents improved dimensional stability (\> 60\%) and better resistance against both Trametes versicolor and Reticulitermes flavipes compared to the control. However, at the same conditions, MOE and MOR values were lowered by approximately 25\% and 60\%, respectively.

}, author = {M. MUBAROK and S. DUMARCAY and H. MILITZ and K. CANDELIER and M.F. THEVENON and P. GERARDIN} }