@article {1778,
	title = { Reinforced lignin-phenol-glyoxal (LPG) wood adhesives from coconut husk },
	journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES },
	volume = {141},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {185-196},
	abstract = {<p>Lignin was extracted from coconut husk via alkaline pulping, either Kraft or soda. The isolated lignin samples were classified as hydroxy-benzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde type according to Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, H-1 and C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra. Soda lignin (SL) showed higher thermal stability and glass transition temperature (T-g) than Kraft lignin (KL) as proven by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The soda-lignin-phenol-glyoxal (SLPG) resins with the optimum percentage of lignin substitution at 30\% showed improved solid content and gel time in comparison to 30\% of Kraft-lignin-phenol-glyoxal (KLPG) and phenol-glyoxal (PG) resin. The good mechanical properties in SLPG is due to the higher amount of molecular weight as well as higher phenolic and G-type unit in lignin that improve the properties of 30\% SLPG adhesive. Moreover, the addition of layered double hydroxides (LDH) as reinforced filler up to 15\%-30\% SLPG adhesive blend shows a great performance (especially mechanical properties) as compared to 30\% SLPG adhesive alone.</p>},
	url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02289744},
	author = {N.A. AZIZ and A.F.A. LATIP and L.C. PENG and N.H. ABD-LATIF and N. BROSSE and R. HASHIM and M.H. HUSSIN}
}
