@article {1841, title = { Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Couple Electrochemistry }, journal = {NANOMATERIALS}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Three different types of lignin (kraft, organosolv and phosphoric acid lignin) were characterized and tested as precursors of electrospun nanofibers. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was added as a plasticizer and dimethyl formamide (DMF) employed as a solvent. It was found that the molecular weight of lignin was the key parameter to understand the differences of the mechanical stability of the resultant fiber mats. In the case of kraft lignin (KL), the influence of some changes in the synthetic process was also tested: applied voltage, pretreatment in air or not, and the addition of a small amount of Ketjen black. After pyrolysis in nitrogen flow, the obtained carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were characterized by different techniques to analyze their differences in morphology and surface chemistry. Vanadium electrochemistry in 3M sulfuric acid was used to evaluate the different CNFs. All fibers allowed electrochemical reactions, but we observed that the oxidation of V(II) to V(III) was very sensitive to the nature of the raw material. Materials prepared from kraft and phosphorus lignin showed the best performances. Nevertheless, when 1 wt.\% of Ketjen black was added to KL during the electrospinning, the electrochemical performance of the sample was significantly improved and all targeted reactions for an all-vanadium redox flow battery were observed. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrated that CNFs obtained by the electrospinning of lignin can be employed as electrodes for vanadium electrochemistry, and their properties can be tuned to improve their electrochemical properties.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02125947}, author = {J.F. VIVO-VILCHES and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE and A. DUFOUR and M. ETIENNE} } @article {1776, title = { Modelling the hygrothermal behaviour of cement-bonded wood composite panels as permanent formwork }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {142}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This paper reports on the hygrothermal behaviour of a new bio-based composite building material, based on recycled wood fibres used as eco-aggregate within a cementitious matrix. A coupled heat and moisture transfer was established through the material and resolved numerically with a model developed herein. Relative humidity and temperature were chosen as driving potentials. The hygric and thermal properties of the material were analysed and then used as input parameters in the model. The accuracy of the latter was verified by comparing the simulation results with experimental hygrothermal tests, from which the moisture buffering value (MBV) could be determined. The MBV showed that the wood-cement composite material might contribute to improve the indoor thermal comfort and be relevant for low-energy building design.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02357702}, author = {M. LI and V. NICOLAS and M. KHELIFA and M. EL-GANAOUI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1729, title = { Destructive vs. non-destructive methods for the mechanical characterisation of tannin-based thermoset foams }, journal = { POLYMER TESTING }, volume = {69}, year = {2018}, pages = {332-339}, abstract = {

The mechanical properties of a broad range of thermoset foams based on tannin were investigated through destructive compression tests, either with or without rigid plates glued to the opposite faces of the samples, and through a rather new, non-destructive, quasi-static method. The main objective was to compare both techniques, as well as the effect of the presence of plates, and to discuss the relevance of each for properly characterising the materials. Gluing stiff plates to the samples was found to be a key point for the appropriate determination of the elastic modulus of brittle foams, whereas it did not affect that of elastic-plastic foams. In contrast, the compressive strength did not depend on the kind of test. The results obtained by destructive compression were then compared to those of the new non-destructive technique, proving that the latter was suitable for characterising elastic-plastic foams but not brittle foams. However, the new method allowed determining Poisson ratio and loss factor, which had never been measured so far for this kind of materials.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1731, title = { Impact of the formulation of biosourced phenolic foams on their fire properties }, journal = { POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY }, volume = {153}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {

The fire retardance properties of rigid, biosourced phenolic foams derived from tannins, which are novel, environment-friendly thermal insulators, are essential before the latter can be applied to the building sector. In this work, tannin-based foams prepared from new formulations and using different foaming methods were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC). It was found that the flammability strongly depends on the formulation, so that tannin foams perform very differently depending on the presence of surfactant and plasticiser and, more importantly, on their initial water content. Moreover, a good correlation was observed between TGA and PCFC results. Nevertheless, due to their highly resistant phenolic, crosslinked, polymer network, all materials released a quite low amount of hydrocarbon fuel during thermal decomposition, leading to low heat release rates and high ignition times, and thus providing very good fire retardance properties. Based on the above, the foam presenting the highest fire retardance was identified, confirming our conclusions about the role of the ingredients in the formulation.

}, url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02621928}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and J. SARAZIN and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and S. BOURBIGOT and A. CELZARD} } @article {1749, title = { Mechanically blown wall-projected tannin-based foams }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {113}, year = {2018}, pages = {316-323}, abstract = {

Condensed flavonoid tannin-based foams from quebracho tannin extract have been developed using a new method of expansion based on fire-fighting or tunneling foams, where a foam concentrate forms a stable liquid foam. This new mechanical method of expansion allows obtaining a solid porous material after curing and hardening at room temperature, through a liquid foam formed by a tannin resin and an aqueous solution of surfactant. The stability of the as-obtained liquid foam and the influence of the amount of catalyst are reported. The use of this new approach for preparing tannin-based rigid foams avoids the problem of shrinkage presented by many other formulations where physical or chemical foaming is employed. Non-ionic surfactants have also been used in the formulation to obtain smaller cells and improve the structure of the new material. Bulk density (0.069-0.080 g/cm(3)), mechanical (compressive strength of 0.034-0.13 MPa) and thermal (0.045-0.047 W m(-1)K(-1)) properties and morphological appearance of the foams have been characterised and reported.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1752, title = { Optimisation of "green" tannin-furanic foams for thermal insulation by experimental design }, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {139}, year = {2018}, pages = {7-15}, abstract = {

In this paper, \"green\" tannin-furanic foams were prepared based on formulations free of formaldehyde and foaming agent, aiming at obtaining the best thermal insulators as possible with the highest mechanical resistance. Both of these properties are antagonistic, since low thermal conductivity requires high porosity whereas high mechanical properties require low porosity. Thus, experimental design was applied for the first time to this kind of formulations. Thanks to a limited number of experiments suggested by a rational mixture design, the experimental responses: thermal conductivity, elastic modulus and compressive strength were modelled and predicted based on the relative proportions of three main ingredients of the formulation. The results revealed that the formulations containing a high proportion of furfuryl alcohol, a moderate proportion of tannin and a low level of catalyst led to the best compromise between properties having opposed trends. Thus, optimised foams presented a thermal conductivity of 0.039 W m(-1) K-1 and compression strength of 0.07 MPa. The reliability of the model used was successfully validated by additional tests. This proved it to be a very useful tool for developing environment-friendly tannin-furanic foams with desired features.

}, url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627106}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and F. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1723, title = { Projectable tannin foams by mechanical and chemical expansion }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {120}, year = {2018}, pages = {90-96}, abstract = {

A new formulation of quebracho tannin-based resin has been used to prepare bio-based rigid foams. The proposed foams were blown by using the simultaneous combination of two expansion methods by mechanical expansion as used for fire-fighting foams and by chemical expansion based on the release of water and other gases during the exothermal self-condensation of furfuryl alcohol. The combination of both methods allowed us to overcome certain limitations found in the preparation of foams exclusively based on mechanical expansion These were the resulting density (16\% lower than that obtained by mechanical expansion) and the mechanical properties (compressive strength improved of about 11\%). Resin chemorheology was characterized under stressed conditions using frequency and time sweeps as well as temperature ramps. The evolution of the linear viscoelastic functions during the reaction clearly showed the transition from viscous to strong gel-like behavior. The foaming and hardening processes were followed by the use of FOAMAT equipment and the resulting foams were characterized in terms of density (0.059-0.063 g/cm(3)), mechanical properties (compressive strength of 0.090-0.144 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.046-0.048 W m(-1) K-1).

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and A. TENORIO-ALFONSO and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and M.C. SANCHEZ and J.M. FRANCO} } @article {1674, title = { Fire-resistant tannin-ethylene glycol gels working as rubber springs with tuneable elastic properties }, journal = { JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {14720-14732}, abstract = {

Fire-resistant elastic materials made from tannin, a natural polyphenol extracted from tree barks, and having the appearance and the consistence of rubber are described. They can be produced in any dimension and with any shape based on a quite simple protocol, only consisting in mixing tannin, water and ethylene glycol, in the presence of a low amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid. After curing at 85 degrees C in an oven and subsequent drying, black elastic blocks are recovered whose mechanical properties can be easily adjusted from the proportions of the ingredients, especially with the amount of ethylene glycol acting as plasticiser. As a result, materials from extra-soft to hard can be obtained. Their retardant performance towards fire is demonstrated, a well-known feature of phenolic compounds here observed for the first time with an elastic material. Physicochemical analyses are performed and explain the chemistry behind the performances of these new biosourced materials.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and G. AMARAL-LABAT and L.I. GRISHECHKO and A. SANCHEZ-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1683, title = { Mechanical properties of model vitreous carbon foams }, journal = {CARBON}, volume = {116}, year = {2017}, pages = {562-571}, abstract = {

The present paper deals with the relations between structural and physical properties of model vitreous carbon foams, i.e., presenting different porous structures in terms of bulk density, cell size and connectivity, while having the same composition and the same carbon texture. Herein, their mechanical properties were investigated through a comparative analysis of samples either with or without rigid plates glued to their opposite faces and submitted to quasi-static compression. Both methods led to the same values of compressive strength, which followed the Gibson and Ashby (G\&A) equation for open-cell foams. The compressive modulus of both reticulated foams and cellular foams tested without plates only depended on the density and also followed the relation of G\&A for open-cell foams. For cellular foams with plates, the relation of G\&A for closed-cell foams applied with different values of phi, which is the percentage of solid only contained in the struts. Usually, only two types of foams are considered but it was highlighted here that a third type is of great interest: the semi-open-cell foams, which can be optimised through the values of both relative density and phi.

}, author = {M. LETELLIER and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1692, title = { Preparation and structural characterisation of model cellular vitreous carbon foams }, journal = {CARBON}, volume = {112}, year = {2017}, pages = {208-218}, abstract = {

The aim the present work was to produce carbon foams with as different as possible porous structures but with similar composition and carbon texture for studying precisely the influence of different structural parameters such as density, cell size or interconnectivity on the physical properties of these foams. Over 60 different cellular carbon foams were obtained by pyrolysis of phenolic-furanic rigid foams, whose structure was tailored through some changes in the formulations. The structures of all of these materials were thoroughly characterised through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray microtomography. Both methods proved to give very consistent results, justifying the use of the simpler one, i.e., SEM. Very broad ranges of bulk densities (0.015 \<= d \<= 0.333 g cm(-3)) and of average cell diameters (100 \<= D \<= 5000 mu m) were obtained. Despite these very different morphologies, elemental analysis, helium pycnometry and Raman spectroscopy studies showed that the carbon constituting the foams can be considered as identical. The results presented here should be used as a basis for the most thorough and extensive studies of physical properties of vitreous carbon foams.

}, author = {M. LETELLIER and A. SZCZUREK and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and O. FERRY and A. CELZARD} } @article {1689, title = { Stability analysis of tannin-based foams using multiple light-scattering measurements }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {87}, year = {2017}, pages = {318-330}, abstract = {

Liquid foams were prepared by whipping aqueous solutions based on natural polyphenols, surfactant and crosslinker. The destabilisation mechanisms of such thick, opaque and viscous liquid foams were investigated for the first time with a light-scattering detection method using an optical analyser. The technique allowed separating processes such as drainage, coalescence and coarsening, and sedimentation, so that each of them could be investigated independently as a function of whipping time, surfactant amount, and temperature. The corresponding average bubble diameters could also be determined as a function of time. It was shown that this kind of optical analysis is quite relevant for optimising formulations and foaming conditions with the aim of recovering rigid foams after polymerisation, having a given homogeneous structure that might be useful for various applications such as thermal insulation or acoustic absorption.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and S. LI and A. PASC and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1595, title = { Hydrophobisation of tannin-based foams by covalent grafting of silanes }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {92}, year = {2016}, pages = {116-126}, abstract = {

Thermally insulating foams based on Mimosa bark extracts (Acacia Meansii) were hydrophobised with the aim of decreasing their sensitivity to moisture. Two different formulations leading to rigid foams presenting similar porosity were prepared, and were covalently grafted with three kinds of organosilanes. Non-treated and hydrophobised samples were all thoroughly characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and corresponding surface energy calculations, water sorption and thermal conductivity studies. Hydrophobisation produced a significant repellence towards liquid water but did not prevent water vapour sorption. Water uptake, however, was limited compared to the non-treated materials. As a result, the increase of thermal conductivity at high relative humidity was lower after hydrophobisation.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01394526}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M. LETELLIER and V. FIERRO and H. CHAPUIS and C. GERARDIN and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1619, title = { Improving Water Repellence and Friability of Tannin-Furanic Foams by Oil-Grafted Flavonoid Tannins }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {11}, year = {2016}, pages = {7754-7768}, abstract = {

Tannin-furanic biobased foams, based on the co-reaction of bark-derived condensed tannins and thermoset furanic polymers, have low thermal conductivity, are self-extinguishing, and have high fire resistance, which allows their development for several industrial uses. One of their main drawbacks, however, is the absorption of water within the foam itself. Another problem is the rather friable surface, which is a definite drawback for some potential applications. In this work, these two problems are minimized or eliminated by introducing a component of oil-grafted tannin in the foam formulation. The incorporation of fatty chains markedly decreased foam friability and increased water repellency in the body of the foams. These properties and the compounds formed by fatty acids grafting onto the tannin flavonoids were extensively tested.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599595}, author = {G. RANGEL and H. CHAPUIS and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and C. GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER} } @article {1634, title = { Structure and properties of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-tannin polyHIPEs }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {78}, year = {2016}, pages = {195-212}, abstract = {

The synthesis and the properties of the first polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) derived from co-reacted tannin and furfuryl alcohol resin, are reported in this paper. Such highly porous thermoset polymers were obtained by emulsion-templating in the form of strong monoliths, using 70 vol\% of cyclohexane as the internal phase. The volatility of the latter made the preparation process very simple, not requiring the usual long washing steps encountered in the synthesis of most polyHIPEs. The structure of these new materials was investigated by different techniques as a function of the amount of surfactant in the initial formulation. The pore sizes exhibited clear trends that were explained. The materials were found to be interesting thermal insulators whereas presenting outstanding mechanical properties, among the highest ever reported for porous polymers.

}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and M. THEBAULT and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1578, title = { Catalytic conversion of methane over a biomass char for hydrogen production: deactivation and regeneration by steam gasification }, journal = { APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL }, volume = {490}, year = {2015}, pages = {170-180}, abstract = {

CH4 decomposition over a wood char was investigated as an alternative green catalyst.to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) deposition leads to apparent deactivation of the catalyst by pore-mouth plugging. The activity of the carbon bed and its available surface area are easily restored by H2O gasification. The used char with pyrocarbon deposition was even found to be more reactive to gasification than the fresh char used in our conditions. This finding was highlighted by: (i) determination of gasification reaction extents by steam, (ii) temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) of the fresh, used and reactivated chars and (iii) TPO under differential scanning calorimetry of these chars and demineralised chars. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis of the chars showed different multiscale organisation of the carbon materials (disordered and graphitic mesoporous nanostructures). The fast regeneration of the used char could be attributed to the catalytic effect of the minerals present in the char that are reduced under our conditions of CH4 conversion. The predominant oxidation of the pyrocarbon compared to the char during its regeneration is evidenced through differential annealing (at 1800 degrees C) followed by XRD analysis. The oxidation of pyrocarbon is faster than the oxidation of the weakly reactive mesoporous carbon in char as shown by the HRTEM analysis. Consequently, wood char is an effective, easy to regenerate and cheap catalyst for converting hydrocarbons (CH4 or tar) into syngas.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01227900}, author = {A. DUFOUR and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and F. BROUST and C. COURSON and A. ZOULALIAN and J.N. ROUZAUD} } @article {1258, title = {FE simulation of repaired timber beams under tensile load using CFRP patches.}, journal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology}, volume = {29}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, chapter = {158}, author = {M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1567, title = { Formaldehyde-Free Prorobitenidin/Profi setinidin Tannin/Furanic Foams Based on Alternative Aldehydes: Glyoxal and Glutaraldehyde }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, pages = {142-150}, abstract = {

Tannin/furanic foams, typically 95\% composed of materials of natural origin such as prorobinetinidin/profisetinidin tannins and furfuryl alcohol, are potential alternatives to oil-based synthetic foams such as phenol-formaldehyde, and polyurethane foams. This article describes the development of second generation tannin/furanic foams, which are not only formaldehyde free, but also use nonvolatile, nontoxic aldehydes. Both glyoxal and glutaraldehyde were tried to substitute formaldehyde in tannin/furanic foams. The physical properties of these new foams are described and discussed. It was found that glutaraldehyde can totally substitute formaldehyde during tannin/furanic foam preparation, but that glyoxal cannot. The optimized proportion to prepare such new foams is tannin: glutaraldehyde = 30:4 by weight. Formaldehyde-free glutaraldehyde-containing foams are open-celled and present good compression resistance and high thermal insulation.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294584}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1573, title = { High surface - Highly N-doped carbons from hydrothermally treated tannin }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {66}, year = {2015}, pages = {282-290}, abstract = {

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NCMs) were obtained by amination of tannin by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). NCMs presented different morphologies depending on the amination method: (i) powders by HTC of tannin in a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution; (ii) gels without using any crosslinker by HTC in distilled water of tannin first dissolved in concentrated ammonia and then evaporated. Whatever the method, (i) or (ii), HTC was carried out at different temperatures: 180, 190, 200, 210 or 220 degrees C, with further pyrolysis at 900 degrees C under nitrogen. The morphology and chemical composition of the resultant materials were discussed. We compared our results with those reported in the open literature and we concluded that HTC of tannin in a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution allowed obtaining outstanding materials because they have both surface areas, higher than 500 m(2) g(-1), and high N content, around 8 wt.\%.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294754}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and P. FIOUX and A. CELZARD} } @article {1593, title = { Latest progresses in the preparation of tannin-based cellular solids }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PLASTICS }, volume = {51}, year = {2015}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {

Tannins are non toxic, cheap and abundant polyphenolic oligomers extracted from tree barks. They can be easily used for preparing thermoset resins that are natural at the 70-95\% level, depending on the cases. From these resins, highly porous monoliths can be obtained by different techniques such as classical physical or chemical foaming, mixed physical/chemical foaming, by less-conventional methods such as emulsion-templating and stabilisation and hardening of either aerated emulsions or liquid foams. The resultant materials are not only interesting per se, but are also key precursors of novel cellular carbons having a broad range of applications. The present paper briefly reviews the latest advances for producing tannin-based cellular materials and their related characteristics and properties.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294757}, author = {A. CELZARD and A. SZCZUREK and P. JANA and V. FIERRO and M.C. BASSO and S. BOURBIGOT and M. STAUBER and A. PIZZI} } @article {1556, title = {Tannin-based monoliths from emulsion-templating}, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {79}, year = {2015}, pages = {115-126}, abstract = {

Highly porous monoliths prepared by emulsion-templating, frequently called polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) in the literature, were prepared from \"green\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; precursors such as Mimosa bark extract, sunflower oil and ethoxylated castor oil. Various oil fractions, ranging from 43 to 80 vol.\%, were used and shown to have a dramatic impact on the resultant porous structure. A critical oil fraction around 70 vol.\% was found to exist, close to the theoretical values of 64\% and 74\% for random and compact sphere packing, respectively, at which the properties of both emulsions and derived porous monoliths changed. Such change of behaviour was observed by many different techniques such as viscosity, electron microscopy, mercury intrusion, and mechanical studies. We show and explain why this critical oil fraction is the one leading to the strongest and most homogeneous porous monoliths.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294575}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and A.M. DE-YUSO and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1552, title = { Thermal conductivity improvement of composite carbon foams based on tannin-based disordered carbon matrix and graphite fillers}, journal = {MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {83}, year = {2015}, pages = {635-643}, abstract = {

Carbonaceous porous matrices were prepared from a tannin-based resin by physical foaming, having improved thermal properties by addition of various kinds and various amounts of graphite fillers. The resultant composite carbon foams presented much higher thermal conductivity, making them suitable for hosting phase-change materials with the aim of using them in seasonal storage applications. These materials were investigated in terms of porous structure, thermal and mechanical properties. It was shown that, unlike what was a priori expected, smaller particles were far more suitable for getting conductive, strong and porous matrices. The smaller were the particles, the better were the results. These findings were explained and justified, making such biomass-based composite carbon foams interesting and cheap candidates for thermal storage applications.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294582}, author = {P. JANA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1172, title = {Biomass-derived, thermally conducting, carbon foams for seasonal thermal storage. }, journal = {Biomass \& Bioenergy}, volume = {67}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {312}, author = {P. JANA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1168, title = {Chemical activation of tannin-based hydrogels by soaking in KOH and NaOH solutions. }, journal = {Microporous \& Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {196}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {8}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and G. AMARAL-LABAT and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1165, title = {D{\'e}veloppement et caract{\'e}risation de mousses {\`a} base de tannin de quebracho.}, journal = {Mat{\'e}riaux \& Techniques}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. MARTINEZ-DE-YUSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO} } @article {1161, title = {Emulsion-templated porous carbon monoliths derived from tannins }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {74}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {352}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1262, title = {Finite element simulation of nanoindentation tests using a macroscopic computational model}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology}, volume = {28}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {3209}, author = {M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1155, title = {A new method for preparing tannin-based foams.}, journal = {Industrial Crops \& Products}, volume = {54}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {40}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and M. STAUBER and A. CELZARD} } @article {1174, title = {Structure and properties of rigid foams derived from quebracho tannin.}, journal = {Materials \& Design }, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {A. MARTINEZ-DE-YUSO and M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1188, title = {Tortuosity studies of cellular vitreous carbon foams. }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {80}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {193}, author = {M. LETELLIER and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {654, title = {Acoustic properties of cellular vitreous carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {58}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {76-86}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and E. GOURDON and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {679, title = {Carbon meringues derived from flavonoid tannins}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {65}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {214-237}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and M. STAUBER and A. CELZARD} } @article {665, title = {Condenstion reaction of flavonoid tannins with ammonia}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {330-335}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and W. RADKE and L. DELMOTTE and J. PARMENTIER} } @article {639, title = {Condenstion reaction of flavonoid tannins with ammonia}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {330-335}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and W. RADKE and L. DELMOTTE and J. PARMENTIER} } @article {689, title = {Hydrothermal treatment kinetics of tannins for producing catbonaceous microspheres}, journal = {Bioresource Techn.}, volume = {151}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {271-277}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {653, title = {Mayonnaise, whipped cream and meringue, a new carbon cuisine}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {58}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {238-251}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {651, title = {Mechanical properties of heat-treated organic foams}, journal = {Physical Reviews}, volume = {87}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and M. SAHIMI and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {669, title = {Multifunctional porous solids derived from tannins}, journal = {J.Physics: Conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {012023}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and W. ZHAO} } @article {1152, title = {New families of carbon gels based on natural resources}, journal = {J. Physics: conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {01/2013}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and G. AMARAL and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {664, title = {Physical properties of tannin/furanic resin foamed by different blowing agents}, journal = {BioResources}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {743-752}, author = {X. LI and C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {638, title = {Structure and oxidation resistance of microcellular Si-SiC foams derived from natural resins}, journal = {Ceramics International}, volume = {39}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1841-1851}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and C. ZOLLFRANK and A. ORTONA and S. PUSTERLA and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {647, title = {Systematic studies of tannin-formaldehyde aerogels: preparation and properties}, journal = {Sci.Techn.Adv.Materials}, volume = {14}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZCUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {670, title = {Tannin based xerogels with distinctive porous structure}, journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy}, volume = {56}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {437-445}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and L.I. GRISHECHKO and V. FIERRO and B.N. KUTZNETSOV and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {662, title = {Tannin/furanic foams without blowing agents and formaldehyde}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prods.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {17-22}, author = {M.C. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO} } @article {533, title = {"Blue-glue": A new precursor of carbon aerogels}, journal = { Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {158}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {272-280}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and E. MASSON and A. CELZARD} } @article {577, title = {Chemical modification of tannin/furanic rigid foams by isocyanates and polyurethanes}, journal = {Maderas}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {257-265}, author = {X. LI and M.C. BASSO and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1149, title = {Chemistry, morphology, microtomography and activation of natural and carbonized tannin foams for different applications. }, journal = {Macromolecular Symposia }, volume = {313-314}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {100}, author = {A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and G. TONDI} } @article {518, title = {Electromagnetic shielding efficiency in Ka-band: carbon foam versus epoxy/CNT composites}, journal = {J. Nanophotonics}, volume = {6}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, author = {P. KUZIR and G. PADUBSKAYA and M. SHUBA and S. MAKSIMENKO and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. PIZZI and J. MACUTKEVIC and J. BANYS and S. BISTARELLI and M. MASTRUCCI and F. MICCIULLA and I. SACCO and S. BELLUCCI} } @article {523, title = {Flexible natural tannin-based and protein-based biosourced foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {389-393}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and M. CANGEMI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {541, title = {Highly mesoporous organic aerogels derived from soy and tannin}, journal = {Green Chemistry}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {3099-3106}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and L. GRISHECHKO and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and B. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {521, title = {Impact of depressurizing rate on the porosity of aerogels}, journal = {Microporous \& Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {152}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {240-245}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and E. MASSON and A. CELZARD} } @article {520, title = {Insulation rigid and elastic foams based on albumin}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {149-154}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and M. CANGEMI and P. NAVARRETE and C. SEGOVIA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1150, title = {Modification of tannin based rigid foams using oligomers of a hyperbranched poly(amine-ester).}, journal = {J. Polymer research}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, author = {X. LI and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and K. RODE and D. LE NOUEN and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {535, title = {New tannin-lignin aerogels}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {347-355}, author = {L. GRISHECHKO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and V. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {634, title = {New tannin-lignin aerogels}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {347-355}, author = {L. GRISHECHKO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and V. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {1148, title = {Nitrogen-doped carbon materials produced from hydrothermally treated tannin.}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, chapter = {5411}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {550, title = {Nouveaux materiaux poreux multifunctionnels derives du bois}, journal = {Techniques de l{\textquoteright}Ingenieur}, volume = {11}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1-30}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI} } @article {526, title = {Pore structure and electrochemical performances of tannin-based carbon cryogels}, journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy}, volume = {39}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {274-282}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and N. STEIN and C. BOULANGER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {522, title = {Tailoring the structure of cellular vitreous carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {2026-2036}, author = {X. LI and M.C. BASSO and F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} }