@article {1847, title = { Characterization and 3D printability of poly (lactic acid)/acetylated tannin composites }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {149}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) printing filament prepared from poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and acetylated tannin via a twin-screw extruder was reported. The impact of acetylated tannin loading content on the final properties of the resulting composite materials and their 3D printability were investigated. The experimental results indicate that PLA can be compounded with up to 20 wt\% acetylated tannin without any obvious deterioration in the tensile property. The resulting composites acquired better degradation rate in aquatic system compared with neat PLA, especially in alkaline medium. Moreover, all composites are printable and showed generally good printing quality with brown color, however, this is limited to temperatures reasonably below 220 degrees C to avoid printing defects, especially at high loadings of acetylated tannin.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02508080}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and A. PIZZI and S. HOPPE and X.J. ZHOU and G.B. DU} } @article {1859, title = { Effect of vacuum hot pressing on the bonding quality and heat transfer performance of plywood }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {78}, year = {2020}, pages = {441-447}, abstract = {

Vacuum technology was applied to the hot-pressing technology of plywood production with phenolic resin (PF). For plywood with the same number of layers, veneers were hot-pressed with conventional and vacuum hot-pressing processes respectively at the same hot-pressing time. Varying layers (3, 9 and 15-layers) and spread quantities (220 g m(-2), 260 g m(-2), 300 g m(-2)) were applied. Heat transfer performance of the assembly, polymerization extent of PF, and bonding quality of plywood were examined by thermocouple and humidity sensors, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence microscope and bonding strength measurement. The results indicated that, compared to conventional hot pressing, the temperature of the central layer of the assembly vacuum hot-pressed was significantly increased by about 20-30 degrees C and the adhesive cured more quickly. The hot-pressing method had a significant influence on the bonding strength of plywood, with an enhancement of the bonding strength to wood failure ratio of 48.37\% and 33.55\%, respectively. The adhesive between adjacent laminates formed a continuously dense layer with more connection points, leading to excellent mechanical meshing and high bonding quality. In addition, vacuum hot pressing can eliminate the influence of adhesive position on bonding strength and make the mechanical properties of plywood tend to be uniform in thickness direction. Under the experimental conditions, the variable energy cost of 15-ply plywood with 1 m(3) produced by vacuum hot pressing was 3.83\% less than that of conventional hot pressing, and the plywood could still maintain good bonding strength at low spread quantity.

}, author = {L. HONG and Q. HE and Z.H. JU and H.Y. ZHANG and N. BROSSE and X.N. LU} } @article {1846, title = { Facile preparation of high anti-fungal performance wood by high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION }, volume = {260}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

In this study, in order to improve the anti-fungal performance of wood material, a facile, efficient and eco-friendly method was proposed for wood modification under the synergistic effect of silver particles and high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) treatment. Poplar wood, a vulnerable to decay species, was hot-pressed by silver electrode plates and exposed simultaneously to HVEF. The chemical characteristics and anti-fungal performance of treated wood were investigated in details. Under HVEF treatment, silver particles were triggered to different oxidized forms and bound with polar groups in the wood cell wall. Decreased O/C element ratio and -OH groups and increased C-H and C=O bonds in treated wood were observed by the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After 24h of HVEF treatment, high concentration (10.71\%) of well-distributed silver particles appeared in mapping graphs. Laboratory anti-fungal tests showed that mass losses of treated wood samples decreased significantly (\<1\%) after exposing to rot fungi. The highest leaching percentage of silver in treated samples was 3.94\%. These results indicated that the synergistic effect of silver particles and HVEF treatment enhanced the fungal-resistance performance of wood. Moreover, this approach could be regarded as a facile, efficient and eco-friendly modification to broaden the outdoor-use potential of wood.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02508085}, author = {Q. HE and T.Y. ZHAN and H.Y. ZHANG and Z.H. JU and L. HONG and N. BROSSE and X.N. LU} } @article {1855, title = { Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications }, journal = { FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY }, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, pages = {392}, abstract = {

Over the past few years, nanocellulose (NC), cellulose in the form of nanostructures, has been proved to be one of the most prominent green materials of modern times. NC materials have gained growing interests owing to their attractive and excellent characteristics such as abundance, high aspect ratio, better mechanical properties, renewability, and biocompatibility. The abundant hydroxyl functional groups allow a wide range of functionalizations via chemical reactions, leading to developing various materials with tunable features. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations (particularly for the reports of the past 3 years). We start with a concise background of cellulose, its structural organization as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials for beginners in this field. Then, different experimental procedures for the production of nanocelluloses, their properties, and functionalization approaches were elaborated. Furthermore, a number of recent and emerging uses of nanocellulose in nanocomposites, Pickering emulsifiers, wood adhesives, wastewater treatment, as well as in new evolving biomedical applications are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of NC-based emerging materials are discussed.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02649346}, author = {D. TRACHE and A.F. TARCHOUN and M. DERRADJI and T.S. HAMIDON and N. MASRUCHIN and N. BROSSE and M.H. HUSSIN} } @article {1850, title = { One-step compatibilization of poly(lactic acid) and tannin via reactive extrusion }, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {191}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

The compatibility issue between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and tannin is a big challenge for preparing PLA/tannin biocomposites with enhanced properties. In this work, composites with enhanced properties have been accomplished using an efficient one-step reactive extrusion method with the help of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (p-MDI) or 3-aminopropytriethoxysilane (APS). The extent of compatibility achieved via the one-step was evaluated by tensile, morphological, rheological, and thermal properties. The obtained results indicated that the adhesion promoters, especially p-MDI, contributed efficiently to an improved tensile behavior of the resulting composites with a tough tensile-fracture surface compared with incompatibilized PLA/tannin composite. Moreover, these composites displayed a plateau-like rheological behavior, enhanced complex viscosity, higher melting and thermal degradation temperature. This approach can be potentially adapted to other PLA/biopolymers composite systems.

}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-02495239/}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and S. HOPPE and G. DU and X.J. ZHOU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1880, title = { Resistance against subterranean termite of beech wood impregnated with different derivatives of glycerol or polyglycerol and maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification: a field test study }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {78}, year = {2020}, pages = {387-392}, abstract = {

Termite resistance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) modified with a combination of chemical and thermal methods was investigated in field tests. Modification was performed by impregnating different aqueous solutions of glycerol maleate or polyglycerol maleate at different concentrations (10 or 40\%, w/w) into the wood, followed by thermal treatment at different temperatures (180, 200, or 220 degrees C). Field tests were conducted for one-year at Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. All wood samples treated with the combination of chemical and thermal modifications presented significantly higher termite resistance than thermally modified and untreated wood samples. Curing at 200 or 220 degrees C resulted in better performance with mass losses due to termite attack of less than 5\%.

}, author = {M. MUBAROK and H. MILITZ and I.W. DARMAWAN and Y.S. HADI and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1814, title = { Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition }, journal = { FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE }, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The caryopses of barley become firmly adhered to the husk during grain development through a cuticular cementing layer on the caryopsis surface. The degree of this attachment varies among cultivars, with poor quality adhesion causing \"skinning\", an economically significant grain quality defect for the malting industry. Malting cultivars encompassing a range of husk adhesion qualities were grown under a misting treatment known to induce skinning. Development of the cementing layer was examined by electron microscopy and compositional changes of the cementing layer were investigated with gas-chromatography followed by mass spectroscopy. Changes in gene expression during adhesion development were examined with a custom barley microarray. The abundance of transcripts involved early in cuticular lipid biosynthesis, including those encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and all four members of the fatty acid elongase complex of enzymes, was significantly higher earlier in caryopsis development than later. Genes associated with subsequent cuticular lipid biosynthetic pathways were also expressed higher early in development, including the decarbonylation and reductive pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. Changes in cuticular composition indicate that lowered proportions of alkanes and higher proportions of fatty acids are associated with development of good quality husk adhesion, in addition to higher proportions of sterols.

}, author = {M. BRENNAN and P.E. HEDLEY and C.F.E. TOPP and J. MORRIS and L. RAMSAY and S. MITCHELL and T. SHEPHERD and W.T.B. THOMAS and S.P. HOAD} } @article {1842, title = { Dynamically Cross-Linked Tannin as a Reinforcement of Polypropylene and UV Protection Properties }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Tannins were used as reinforcing components for polypropylene with anti-UV properties via dynamic curing extrusion. The influence of cross-linked tannins in different weight fraction and their anti-UV capacity on morphological, mechanical, rheological, crystallize and thermal properties were studied. The experimental results indicated that the cross-linked tannins improve Young\&$\#$39;s modulus, crystallinity, and thermal stability and reinforce the internal network of polypropylene. After UV accelerated weathering, polypropylene had fewer surface cracks, lower carbonyl index, fewer crystallinity decreases and less mechanical properties loss with increasing tannin content.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01977584}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and A. PIZZI and S. HOPPE} } @article {1779, title = {Green extraction process of tannins obtained from Moroccan Acacia mollissima barks by microwave: Modeling and optimization of the process using the response surface methodology RSM}, journal = { ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY }, volume = {12}, year = {2019}, pages = {2668-2684}, abstract = {

The effect of extraction conditions on polyphenols contents and condensed tannins by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was studied for the first time to our knowledge. Moroccan barks of Acacia mollissima was used to extract phenolic compounds. The variables studied are the following: power extraction, time extraction and solvent nature. Five powers extraction were tested: 150 W, 250 W, 300 W, 450 W and 600 W. A significant effect of power extraction on the extractable nature was proved by ANOVA and Student test. The yields were also affected by time extraction. Different solvent (water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate) were tested to evaluate the best extraction solvent according to the extractable nature. Highest polyphenols contents were obtained with methanol. The proportion of this solvent, time extraction and power extraction were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered composite design (FCCD) was applied to evaluate the effects of these variables on the polyphenols and condensed tannins contents. For each experiment, the extraction yield, the total polyphenolic contents and the condensed tannins contents were quantified using colorimetric essays. The extracts were characterized by their reactivity to formaldehyde and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest polyphenols content was obtained at 156 W using 80\% of methanol during 5 min. For condensed tannins, the highest content of cyanidin was obtained at 182 W using 20\% of methanol during 3.66 min. RSM applied in MAE, permitted to develop green extraction process of polyphenols and tannins extracted, using lower microwave power and methanol proportion with a shortest time extraction and in the same time improve the quantity of extractables obtained from renewable natural resource.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01597950}, author = {N. RHAZI and H. HANNACHE and M. OUMAM and A. SESBOU and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1798, title = { Increased grain density of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is associated with an increase in grain nitrogen }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE }, volume = {89}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Barley for malting is evaluated by different grain quality measures, one of these measures is specific weight. An increased specific weight is assumed to lead to higher malt output, however this has not yet been proven. Specific weight is a measure of bulk density, a combination of both individual grain density and the packing efficiency of the grain. Links between specific weight or its components to aspects which may affect malt output have not been investigated. Here we examined correlations between barley grain density and nitrogen content, carbon content, starch content, amylose/amylopectin ratio and starch granule metrics. We show that nitrogen content and the proportional volume, number and surface area of starch B-granules positively correlated with grain density. An equation was built to predict grain density from grain nitrogen and the proportional volume of starch B-granules; this described 47\% of observed variation in grain density. An independent validation of the equation indicated that nitrogen content alone was sufficient to successfully estimate grain density. As nitrogen content is consistently positively correlated with grain density and hence specific weight, a high specific weight could be unfavourable for some malting end-uses which require low grain nitrogen. Achievement of high specific weight must therefore carefully consider end-user requirements.

}, author = {A. HOYLE and M. BRENNAN and G.E. JACKSON and S. HOAD} } @article {1843, title = { Influence of high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on bonding characteristics of Masson (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) veneer composites }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {77}, year = {2019}, pages = {105-114}, abstract = {

For the first time, it was experimented with high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) for the optimization of the bonding process of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin to wood. Varying HVEF treatment times (0-8min) and intensities (5-20kV) were applied. Wood surface characteristics, polymerization extent of UF, and bonding interphase of UF to wood were examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle goniometers, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray densitometer, fluorescence microscope and bonding strength measurement. The results indicated that HVEF treatments applied to wood veneer induced a decrease in contact angles and an increase in the free radicals of wood, and surface energy varied with treatment times and intensities. These varieties were because triggered free electrons, broken chemical bonds and new ions appeared on the wood surface with HVEF treatment. An aggregated performance was obviously obtained in micrographs and vertical density profiles (VPDs). It was explained that resin penetration into wood structure was significantly shallow, and resin concentration and density at bonding interphase were more enhanced than the control. This is due to the increment of surface energy and lower contact angles providing more chances for possible reactions of wood surface with the UF resin. Resin penetration depth and density varied with different treatment times and intensities. Increased cross-linking extent of UF was obtained under varied conditions of HVEF treatment. The bonding strength was measured as a function of treatment times and intensities respectively; it increased by 85\% and the wood failure ratio significantly increased by 70\% under HVEF treatment (20kV, 8min) due to the aggregation performance and more cross-linked UF resin. It was manifested that both treatment time and intensity play a significant role in HVEF treatment, and HVEF treatment has a significant influence on the characteristics of the wood surface and the bonding properties of wood composites.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02289753}, author = {Q. HE and T.Y. ZHAN and Z.H. JU and H.Y. ZHANG and L. HONG and N. BROSSE and X.N. LU} } @article {1806, title = {Microbial growths and checking on acrylic painted tropical woods and their static bending after three years of natural weathering}, journal = { JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR\&T }, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, pages = {3495-3503}, abstract = {

Wood products exposed outdoor could be weathered, especially in the tropical region with high in sun light, temperature, rain intensity, and relative humidity. Water based acrylic paint was coated on surface of teak, camphor, and pine woods for natural weathering resistance. The natural weathering and wood materials affected the resistance of the acrylic paint film on fungi (blue-stain and decay fungi), cracking, and MOE/MOR bending. After 36 months of exposure, the surface of unpainted pine and camphor panels were covered by fungi over 40\% and reached the growth index of 5. The acrylic painted woods provided lower growths index of fungi up to three years of exposure. Application of the acrylic paint on the wood panels was observed to minimize the index of cracking from 5 for unpainted to 3 for painted after 36 month exposure. The average adhesion scale for the acrylic paint film dropped from 4.5 before exposure to 2.3 after 36 month exposure. The percentages of MOE/MOR drop after 36 month exposure were observed. The 36 month exposure caused the loss of MOR of 10.7\% and 5.1\% for unpainted and acrylic painted panel, respectively, and the loss of MOE of 6.8\% and 1.4\% for unpainted and acrylic painted panel, respectively. The acrylic paint film can be considered to protect the pine, camphor and teak at least 36 months. However, teak wood with the greatest resistance to the natural weathering factors will provide the longest service life compared to pine and camphor.

}, author = {W. DARMAWAN and E.N. HERLIYANA and A. GAYATRI and D. DUMASARI and A. HASANUSI and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1809, title = { Occurrence of fucosylated and non-fucosylated xyloglucans in the cell walls of monocotyledons: An immunofluorescence study }, journal = { PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY }, volume = {139}, year = {2019}, pages = {428-434}, abstract = {

The xyloglucans of monocotyledons are known to vary in the abundance of fucosylated side chains, with most commelinid monocotyledons having xyloglucans with lower proportions than non-commelinid monocotyledons. In many commelinid species, and some non-commelinid species that have lower proportions of fucosylated side chains, these side chains have been shown to be cell-type specific. To determine whether it is just the fucosylated side chains that are cell-type specific, or whether xyloglucan is cell-type specific in these species, we used the monoclonal antibody LM15 in conjunction with immmunofluorescence microscopy. We examined the distribution of cell-wall labelling among cell types in these species. The primary walls of all cell types were shown to contain xyloglucans in all species that had cell-type specific distributions of fucosylated side chains. This indicates that it is the fucosylated side chains of xyloglucans that is cell-type specific. Although the functional significance of xyloglucan fucosylation remains unknown, such cell-type specificity supports hypotheses that the fucosylated side chains may indeed have a functional role within the cell wall.

}, author = {M. BRENNAN and D. FAKHARUZI and P.J. HARRIS} } @inbook {1835, title = { Organosolv Processes }, booktitle = {BIOREFINERIES}, volume = {166}, number = {Advances in Biochemical Engineering-Biotechnology}, year = {2019}, pages = {153-176}, abstract = {

Biofuels and chemicals can be produced from lignocellulosic feedstocks using biotechnological processes. The effective utilization of carbohydrates from biomass for the production of biofuels necessitates the development of pretreatment technologies to enhance their enzymatic digestibility. Among all the various pretreatment methods currently studied and developed, the organosolv processes, in which organic solvents or aqueous organic solvent mixtures are used as the pretreatment medium, appear to be specially promising in the context of the biorefinery because (1) they produce cellulosic pulp with a good enzymatic digestibility for monomeric glucose production and (2) they allow a clean fractionation of the major biomass components (cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses) into three process streams. In this chapter we give an updated overview of organosolv methods using conventional solvents and ionic liquids which have recently gained considerable interest as solvents for lignocellulosic biomass and pretreatment.

}, author = {N. BROSSE and M.H. HUSSIN and A.A. RAHIM} } @article {1820, title = { PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUED-LAMINATED LUMBER FROM FAST-GROWING TREE SPECIES USING MAHOGANY TANNIN ADHESIVE }, journal = { WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE }, volume = {51}, year = {2019}, pages = {132-143}, abstract = {

Tannin from mahogany bark extract contains polyphenols that could be used in adhesives. In this study, tannin (T) was reacted with resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) at a ratio of 100:3:5 (w/w/w) under alkaline conditions to make an adhesive. The physical-chemical properties of tannin and TRF adhesive were assessed. Three-layer glued-laminated lumber (glulam) made with wood from jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), pine (Pious merkusii), and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) was bonded using TRF with a glue spread of 280 g/m(2), cold pressed at 1.47 MPa for 4 h, and then clamped for 24 h. Glulam physical-mechanical properties were tested based on Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) 234-2007. Comparison of the physical properties of mahogany tannin and TRF showed that the solids content of mahogany tannin increased after becoming TRF. Compared with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) resins, TRF had a similar appearance and specific gravity, but differed in solids content, viscosity, and gel time. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time of flight mass (TOF) spectra revealed that mahogany tannin could be classified as hydrolyzable, and pyrolysis Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) showed that the phenolic content was 8.87\%. Copolymerization in TRF was indicated by a shift in wave number in Fourier transform IR, reduced percentage of the phenolic component, and increased pH and melting temperature. Mahogany tannin could be prepared for cold-set TRF glulam adhesive, and all glulams fulfilled JAS 234-2007 with regard to MC and MOR. Although TRF adhesive contained a small amount of resorcinol, it was suitable for low density wood, and in dry condition performed equal to PRF.

}, author = {A.S.R.D. LESTARI and Y.S. HADI and D. HERMAWAN and A. SANTOSO and A. PIZZI} } @article {1805, title = { Polypropylene Blend with Polyphenols through Dynamic Vulcanization: Mechanical, Rheological, Crystalline, Thermal, and UV Protective Property }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Tannin and lignin were blended with polypropylene (PP) through dynamic vulcanization technique. Their influence of mechanical property, crystallinity, thermal stability, as well as ultraviolet (UV) protection property on the PP matrix was investigated and compared with native tannin and lignin. According to our experimental results, tannin and lignin undergo dynamic vulcanization and were more compatible with the PP matrix. Besides, tannin and vulcanized tannin can perform as nucleating agents of PP because of their relatively small particle size. Moreover, vulcanized tannin/lignin have a better performance on the thermal stability of PP compared with native tannin/lignin, especially PP/vulcanized lignin blend. Furthermore, vulcanized tannin/lignin present better UV protective performance, concluded from fewer changes on surface morphology, carbonyl index, crystallinity, viscosity, and tensile property.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02196798}, author = {J.J. LIAO and N. BROSSE and A. PIZZI and S. HOPPE and X.D. XI and X.J. ZHOU} } @article {1782, title = { The quality of barley husk-caryopsis adhesion is not correlated with caryopsis cuticle permeability }, journal = { JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY }, volume = {243}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Adhesion of the barley husk to the underlying caryopsis requires the development of a cuticular cementing layer on the caryopsis surface. Differences in adhesion quality among genotypes have previously been correlated with cementing layer composition, which is thought to influence caryopsis cuticle permeability, the hypothesised mechanism of adhesion mediation. It is not yet known whether differences in adhesion quality among genotypes are determined by changes in caryopsis cuticle permeability. We examined changes in candidate cementing layer biosynthetic and regulatory genes to investigate the genetic mechanisms behind husk adhesion quality. We used both commercially relevant UK malting cultivars and older European lines to ensure phenotypic diversity in adhesion quality. An ethylene responsive transcription factor (NUD) is required for the development of the cementing layer. To examine correlations between gene expression, cementing layer permeability and husk adhesion quality we also treated cultivars with ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) which breaks down to ethylene, and silver thiosulphate which inhibits ethylene reception, and measured caryopsis cuticle permeability. Differential adhesion qualifies among genotypes are not determined by NUD expression during development of the cementing material alone, but could result from differences in biosynthetic gene expression during cementing layer development in response to longer-term NUD expression patterns. Altered caryopsis cuticle permeability does result in altered adhesion quality, but the correlation is not consistently positive or negative. Cuticle permeability is therefore not the mechanism that determines husk adhesion quality, but is likely a consequence of the required cuticular compositional changes that determine adhesion.

}, author = {M. BRENNAN and L. PATERSON and A.A.A. BAHARUDIN and M. STANISZ-MIGAL and P.N. HOEBE} } @article {1778, title = { Reinforced lignin-phenol-glyoxal (LPG) wood adhesives from coconut husk }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES }, volume = {141}, year = {2019}, pages = {185-196}, abstract = {

Lignin was extracted from coconut husk via alkaline pulping, either Kraft or soda. The isolated lignin samples were classified as hydroxy-benzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde type according to Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, H-1 and C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra. Soda lignin (SL) showed higher thermal stability and glass transition temperature (T-g) than Kraft lignin (KL) as proven by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The soda-lignin-phenol-glyoxal (SLPG) resins with the optimum percentage of lignin substitution at 30\% showed improved solid content and gel time in comparison to 30\% of Kraft-lignin-phenol-glyoxal (KLPG) and phenol-glyoxal (PG) resin. The good mechanical properties in SLPG is due to the higher amount of molecular weight as well as higher phenolic and G-type unit in lignin that improve the properties of 30\% SLPG adhesive. Moreover, the addition of layered double hydroxides (LDH) as reinforced filler up to 15\%-30\% SLPG adhesive blend shows a great performance (especially mechanical properties) as compared to 30\% SLPG adhesive alone.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02289744}, author = {N.A. AZIZ and A.F.A. LATIP and L.C. PENG and N.H. ABD-LATIF and N. BROSSE and R. HASHIM and M.H. HUSSIN} } @article {1795, title = { Robust and durable bonding performance of bamboo induced by high voltage electrostatic field treatment }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {137}, year = {2019}, pages = {149-156}, abstract = {

To enhance the bonding performance of bamboo, the high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) treatment was used for flattened moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Three bonding types including bamboo skin-bamboo skin (BS-BS), bamboo skin-bamboo pith (BS-BP) and bamboo pith-bamboo pith (BP-BP) were tested. Surface characteristics of HVEF-treated bamboo composites were analyzed by the electron spin resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence microscopy and vertical density profile (VDP). Mechanical properties, including bonding strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and boiling peeling rate of treated-bamboo composites were tested as well. The results of ESR, XPS and FTIR showed that significantly increased free radicals, broken chemical bonds and oxygen-containing groups (-OH, C=O and C-O) were obtained. These variations were attributed to the fact that triggered electrons were able to break oxygen and water molecules in the atmosphere under HVEF treatment and more broken chemical bonds (oxygen atoms and ions) appeared and reacted with bamboo surface. Higher change ratios involved in BS compared with BP were due to higher components of cellulose and lignin. HVEF treatment induced a significant decrease on adhesive penetration depth and an increment on density at bonding interphase. The highest decrease of adhesive penetration depth and increment of density at bamboo interphase were obtained in BS-BS while the least was BP-BP. All the bonding performance significantly enhanced after HVEF-treatment. The most robust and durable bonding performances were obtained in BS-BS type, and BP-BP showed the most increment extents of bamboo failure ratio. Results of this study revealed that: HVEF treatment was an effective approach for enhancing bonding properties of both bamboo skin and pith.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02289743}, author = {Q. HE and T.Y. ZHAN and H.Y. ZHANG and Z.H. JU and L. HONG and N. BROSSE and X.N. LU} } @article {1830, title = { Some Insights on Unsteady Double Diffusive Natural Convection of Porous Medium in Vertical Open-Ended Cylinder }, journal = { ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING }, volume = {44}, year = {2019}, pages = {1379-1392}, abstract = {

The work presented in this paper deals with combined heat and mass transfer by natural convection in porous media. The aim is to investigate numerically the effect of control parameters on the flow behavior as well as the enhancement of heat transfer in vertical porous enclosure. The side wall temperature is periodic function of time which is the case in several physical problems. The Darcy\&$\#$39;s flow model coupled with the energy and mass equations is considered. The numerical results show that the flow\&$\#$39;s behavior is strongly dependent on the buoyancy ratio values. Three types of flows take place: chimney, reversal and top aspiration flow. Further, the effect of buoyancy ratio (N) at which the different flow types occur is significantly influenced by the values of control parameters. The relative heat transfer enhancement between constant and periodical wall temperature is profoundly affected by thermal Rayleigh number (Ra), buoyancy ratio and dimensionless amplitude (XA). In the case of opposing double diffusive flow, the relative difference becomes to the favor of the stationary case for high Ra and XA.

}, author = {N. HIMRANE and D.E. AMEZIANI and M. EL-GANAOUI and H. RAGUEB} } @article {1821, title = { Specific weight of barley grains is determined by traits affecting packing efficiency and by grain density }, journal = { JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE }, volume = {99}, year = {2019}, pages = {2548-2555}, abstract = {

Specific weight influences the market value of barley grain, and in malting barley a high specific weight is thought to result in an increased malt output. However, links between specific weight and malt output have not yet been established. We hypothesised that packing efficiency and grain density will each contribute to specific weight. These traits would have implications for the malting process, highlighting the need for understanding what grain traits contribute to specific weight, before we can predict its effect on malting performance and efficiency. RESULTS We report that specific weight is a product of grain density and packing efficiency, in our study proportionally contributing 48.5\% and 36.5\% to variation in specific weight, respectively. We report that packing efficiency is determined by grain dimensions, and is negatively correlated with the sum of grain length and depth. Therefore shorter, thinner grains can result in an increased specific weight, which is likely to be detrimental for malting performance. We also demonstrate that among cultivars which have grains with contrasting size traits, the same specific weight can be achieved through differing grain densities. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that both grain dimensions and grain density must be considered jointly to optimise specific weight, and that the relationship between specific weight and malting performance and efficiency needs to be carefully considered with respect to how a high specific weight is achieved.

}, author = {A. HOYLE and M. BRENNAN and G. JACKSON and S. HOAD} } @article {1811, title = { The structural characterization and antioxidant properties of oil palm fronds lignin incorporated with p-hydroxyacetophenone }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES }, volume = {130}, year = {2019}, pages = {947-957}, abstract = {

This study reports on the effects of unmodified autohydrolyzed ethanol organosolv lignin (AH EOL) and modified autohydrolyzed ethanol organosolv lignin on the structural characteristics and antioxidant properties upon incorporation of p-hydroxyacetophenone (AHP EOL). The lignin samples isolated from black liquor of oil palm fronds (OPF) were evaluated and compared using various complementary analyses; FTIR, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, 2D-NMR spectroscopy (FIMBC and HSQC), CHN, GPC, HPLC and thermal analyses (TGA and DSC). Chemically modified organosolv lignin (AHP EOL) provided lignin with lower molecular weight (M-W), which has smaller fragments that leads to higher solubility rate in water in comparison to unmodified organosolv lignin, AH EOL (D-AHP EOL: 19.8\% \> D-AH EOL: 14.0\%). It was evident that the antioxidant properties of modified organosolv lignin has better reducing power in comparison to the unmodified organosolv lignin. Therefore, the functionalization of lignin polymers enhanced their antioxidant properties and structural features towards a various alternative approach in lignin-based applications.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02296950}, author = {N.H. ABD-LATIF and A.A. RAHIM and N. BROSSE and M.H. HUSSIN} } @article {1734, title = { Acetyl Groups in Typha capensis: Fate of Acetates during Organosolv and Ionosolv Pulping }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

During biomass fractionation, any native acetylation of lignin and heteropolysaccharide may affect the process and the resulting lignin structure. In this study, Typha capensis (TC) and its lignin isolated by milling (MWL), ionosolv (ILL) and organosolv (EOL) methods were investigated for acetyl group content using FT-Raman, H-1 NMR, 2D-NMR, back-titration, and Zemplen transesterification analytical methods. The study revealed that TC is a highly acetylated grass; extractive free TC (TCextr) and TC MWL exhibited similar values of acetyl content: 6 wt \% and 8 wt \% by Zemplen transesterification, respectively, and 11 wt \% by back-titration. In contrast, lignin extracted from organosolv and [EMIm][OAc] pulping lost 80\% of the original acetyl groups. With a high acetyl content in the natural state, TC could be an interesting raw material in biorefinery in which acetic acid could become an important by-product.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02297011}, author = {I.G. AUDU and N. BROSSE and H. WINTER and A. HOFFMANN and M. BREMER and S. FISCHER and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1744, title = { Confinement device to assess dynamic crushability of wood material }, journal = { PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE }, volume = {232}, year = {2018}, pages = {1418-1432}, abstract = {

Cellular materials such as wood are widely and advantageously used as shock absorbers in various transport applications. The design and manufacturing of structures made of these materials require the knowledge of their dynamic compressive properties at various strain rates and stress states. Therefore, it is challenging to conduct dynamic multiaxial stress state experiments and especially on split-Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus where stress hardening increases as a function of velocity. This paper presents the so-called verification and validation methodology for confining solutions dedicated to impact on viscoelastic split-Hopkinson pressure bar system with large diameter bars. The method is a hybrid approach combining finite element analysis and an original experimental validation. Based on finite element results, particular attention is given to the mass, the material and the geometry to minimize the confining device influence on the propagation of elastic waves and thus on the material response of the tested specimens. It is essential to avoid spurious reflected waves at the new interfaces of the system in order to ensure the validity of the experimentation. The numerically predicted solutions are experimentally validated and preliminary results in the context of dynamic loadings using wood material are presented.

}, author = {J. WOUTS and G. HAUGOU and M. OUDJENE and H. NACEUR and D. COUTELLIER} } @article {1766, title = { Critical Links Governing Performance of Self-binding and Natural Binders for Hot-pressed Reconstituted Lignocellulosic Board without Added Formaldehyde: A Review }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {13}, year = {2018}, pages = {2049-2115}, abstract = {

The production of fiberboard, particleboard, and related hot-pressed biomass products can convert small, relatively low-valued pieces of wood into valuable products. There is strong interest in being able to manufacture such products without the addition of formaldehyde, which is a health hazard during both production and use. This article reviews literature describing various challenges that need to be faced in order to achieve satisfactory bonding properties in hot-pressed bio-based board products without the addition of formaldehyde. Bonding mechanisms are examined in the form of a hypothesis, in which the strength development is represented by a chain with four links. Failure of a board is expected to occur at the weakest of these mechanistic links, which include mechanical contact, molecular-scale wetting and contact, various chemical-based linkages, and structural integrity. The most promising technologies for environmentally friendly production of hot-pressed board with use of lignocellulosic materials tend to be those that favor success in the development of at least three of the mechanistic links in the hypothetical chain.

}, author = {M.A. HUBBE and A. PIZZI and H.Y. ZHANG and R. HALIS} } @article {1726, title = { Energy Release Rate Measurement of Welded Bamboo Joints }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, pages = {450-456}, abstract = {

Double cantilever beam tests were used to measure the energy release rates of linear vibrational welded moso bamboo joints. The influence of the length of the preserved cracks, the different combinations of the inner and outer bamboo surfaces and the moisture content is studied herein. The experimental compliance method, which is based on linear elastic fracture mechanics and has been shown to be an ideal method, was used to analyze data with the power equation. The results show that the preserved initial crack length does not have a significant effect on the final measured energy release rate, while the moso bamboo combination does affect the properties dramatically. The welded moso bamboo joints with inner-inner surfaces have the highest energy release rate of 122 J/m(2). The average energy release of the outer-outer combination was only 102 J/m(2) . The expansion of the cracks also became easier when the moisture content of the welded joints was 18.5\% compared to 4.5\% and 10.1\%. So the moisture resistance of the welded joints should be duly improved.

}, author = {H.Y. ZHANG and Q. HE and X.N. LU and A. PIZZI and C.T. MEI and X.X. ZHAN} } @article {1736, title = { Parameterization equations for the nonlinear connection slip applied to the anisotropic embedment behavior of wood }, journal = { COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING }, volume = {142}, year = {2018}, pages = {142-158}, abstract = {

Nonlinear numerical models for the engineering design of mechanical connections in anisotropic materials require nonlinear material behavior of their components, which are essentially determined by material or structural testing. Herein, a multi-step approach for the parameterization of the nonlinear and anisotropic connection slip behavior is presented and applied to the ductile embedment behavior of steel dowels in wood. For this purpose, previously proposed regression functions for the slip behavior are reviewed, and further possible equations are discussed. Their suitability in the description of typical shapes of slip curves observed in connection testing is assessed before certain combinations are applied to an experimental dataset of embedment tests of steel dowels embedded in Laminated Veneer Lumber. The dependence of the regression parameters on the displacement range in the experimental dataset and the benefit of using parameters with a physical interpretation, for being able to exploit connection test data reported in literature, is highlighted.

}, author = {M. SCHWEIGLER and T.K. BADER and G. HOCHREINER and R. LEMAITRE} } @article {1716, title = { Potential of a short rotation coppice poplar as a feedstock for platform chemicals and lignin-based building blocks }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {123}, year = {2018}, pages = {698-706}, abstract = {

In the context of a biorefinery, the potential of the short rotation coppice \"poplar with bark\" as a feedstock for the acid-catalyzed ethanol-water Organosolv process and furthermore for possible applications of the biomass components was investigated aiming at optimal separation of the non-standardized woody biomass. The study was supported and evaluated by an experimental design (Box-Behnken). The statistical analysis showed an increase in lignin yield with rising process intensity with an optimum for precipitated lignin yield of 42\%. A change in downstream processing from lignin precipitation by simple dilution of the reaction water to stripping of the ethanol provided a 10\% higher lignin yield. Molecular weight distribution of the lignin samples as well as the number of aliphatic OH-groups within the lignin molecules decreased with intensified conditions whereas the phenolic group content increased. The cellulose content in the fibre fraction is hardly influenced by the pulping conditions, lignin and hemicellulose removal lead to a raising cellulose recovery.

}, author = {V. ROHDE and T. HAHN and M. WAGNER and S. BORINGER and B. TUBKE and N. BROSSE and N. DAHMEN and D. SCHMIEDL} } @article {1732, title = { Production of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fronds lignin-derived non-toxic aldehyde for eco-friendly wood adhesive }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES }, volume = {113}, year = {2018}, pages = {1266-1272}, abstract = {

Lignocellulosic materials can significantly contribute to the development of eco-friendly wood adhesives. In this work, glyoxal-phenolic resins for plywood were prepared using organosolv lignin, which was isolated from black liquor recovered from organosolv pulping of oil palm fronds (OPF) and considered to be an alternative to phenol. Glyoxal, which is a dialdehyde obtained from several natural resources, was used as substitute for formaldehyde. The structure of organosolv lignin and the resins were characterized by FTIR and NMR, and for thermal stability by TGA and DSC. The resins were further studied for their viscosity, pH, solids content and gel times. The resins performance as wood adhesive was further established from mechanical test in terms of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (MOE) to obtain the optimum ratios of organosolv lignin, which replaces phenol in organosolv lignin phenol glyoxal (OLPG) resins. The adhesive composition having 50\% (w/w) of phenol substituted by organosolv lignin, termed as 50\% OLPG showed highest adhesive strength compared to phenol formaldehyde (PF) commercial adhesive.

}, author = {M.H. HUSSIN and N.A. SAMAD and N.H. ABD-LATIF and N.A. ROZULI and S.B. YUSOFF and F. GAMBIER and N. BROSSE} } @article {1762, title = { REVIEW OF MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VOID FORMATION IN LIQUID COMPOSITE MOLDING }, journal = { COMPOSITES-MECHANICS COMPUTATIONS APPLICATIONS }, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, pages = {51-93}, abstract = {

Liquid composite molding (LCM) processes are being used in manufacturing near-net-shape, geometrically complex composite parts. One of the current obstacles to a larger scale application of these processes is the formation of defects such as voids during resin injection. To reach aeronautic requirements or short injection cycles in the automotive industry, entrapped air in the final part before curing has to remain as low as possible. Air entrapment will depend on the fibrous structure and on the injection parameters, or more precisely on the fluid pressure and the flow front orientation with respect to the fibrous direction. A key parameter for production of structural composite parts is air entrapment, since high void content could lead to mechanical softening, early failure, or part rejection. The quantitative simulation of the void formation is important for proper design and selection of material and processing parameters to minimize such voids in the composite materials. Despite several advancements in voidage predictions via modeling and simulations, the void formation mechanisms in RTM and similar processes are still not fully understood. In this study, a review of current approaches to modeling and simulation of void formation and unsaturated flow in the liquid composite molding process is presented. We examine modeling efforts considering all the mechanisms involved such as void formation and transport, bubble compression, and gas dissolution. In particular, the capillary number is identified as a key parameter for void formation and transport. The influence of voids on the global resin flow is also investigated and a state-of-the-art is presented.

}, author = {A. SAAD and A. ECHCHELH and M. HATTABI and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {1714, title = { Strain rate effects on the compressive response of wood and energy absorption capabilities - Part B: Experimental investigation under rigid lateral confinement }, journal = { COMPOSITE STRUCTURES }, volume = {204}, year = {2018}, pages = {95-104}, abstract = {

The compressive properties of spruce and beech wood species at a large range of strain rates - from 0.001 to 600 s(-1)- under rigid lateral confinement have been investigated, using an original experimental device especially developed for the purpose. The work is motivated by the need to explore the dynamic behavior of wood up to large strains close to 70\%. Three experimental apparatus have been used to obtain the compressive responses: the quasi-static tests have been performed using a Sintech 20D test system, the compressive responses at intermediate strain rates have been obtained with an Instron VHS65/20 apparatus and the dynamic tests have been conducted using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) system. The strain rate sensitivity of wood is clearly visible on the crushing strength with an increase between 80 and 155\% but also on the plastic like behavior. In addition, the entire responses exhibit an elastic-plastic like behavior whereas an elastic brittle behavior could be observed, in the previous Part A which was focused on the compression configuration without lateral confinement. Even if no significant effect of the rigid lateral confinement is observed on the apparent Young modulus and the crushing strength values for both species, the wood energy absorption capability is better when longitudinal failure mechanisms are restricted thanks to the rigid lateral confinement.

}, author = {J. WOUTS and G. HAUGOU and M. OUDJENE and H. MORVAN and D. COUTELLIER} } @article {1717, title = { Thermal stability of Abies alba wood according to its radial position and forest management }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {76}, year = {2018}, pages = {1669-1676}, abstract = {

Most of the defects affecting heat-treated wood quality are often attributed to heterogeneous heat transfers in industrial kilns. Even if interspecific variability of wood has been reported to affect thermal degradation of the material, little has been reported on the effects of intraspecific variability. The aim of this work was to study the effect of intraspecific variability of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) wood on its thermal degradation. For this purpose, wood samples were sampled along the radius of cross-sections to estimate the effect of radial position on wood thermal degradation. Sampling was carried out on discs of four trees, two resulting from dynamic growth stand and two from standard growth stand. The study was performed at different scales: at wood compartments scale involving juvenile and mature heartwood, transition zone between heartwood and sapwood and sapwood as well as at intra-ring scale. Wood samples were ground to sawdust and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis and chemical analysis. Juvenile heartwood was shown to be more sensitive to thermal degradation than other compartments. The thermal behavior of sapwood was not particularly different from that of heartwood, and the presence of extractives did not influence significantly thermal degradation. Earlywood was more sensitive to thermal degradation than latewood explaining the higher susceptibility of fast growing heartwood containing larger rings with higher contents of earlywood.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01972741}, author = {J. HAMADA and A. PETRISSANS and J. RUELLE and F. MOTHE and F. COLIN and M. PETRISSANS and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1695, title = { The effect of soda bagasse lignin modified by ionic liquids on properties of the urea-formaldehyde resin as a wood adhesive }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, volume = {93}, year = {2017}, pages = {914-925}, abstract = {

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of lignin modified by ionic liquids on physical and mechanical properties of plywood panels bonded with the urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. For this purpose, soda bagasse lignin was modified by the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) ionic liquid and then the various contents of unmodified and modified lignins (10, 15, and 20\%) were added at pH=7 instead of second urea during the UF resin synthesis. The physicochemical properties of the prepared resins as well as the water absorption, shear strength, and formaldehyde emission of the plywood panels made with these adhesives were measured according to standard methods. According to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry, by treatment of lignin, the C=O, C-C, and C-H bonds decrease while the content of the C-N bond dramatically increases. Based on the finding of this research, the performance of soda bagasse lignin in UF resins dramatically improves by modification by ILs; as the resins with modified lignin yielded lower formaldehyde emission and water absorption when compared to those made from unmodified lignin and commercial UF adhesives, respectively. The shear strength as well as wood failure percentages are lower for the panels produced with modified lignin than for the panels produced with UF resins alone.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599537}, author = {H. YOUNESI-KORDKHEILI and A. PIZZI and A. HONARBAKHSH-RAOUF and F. NEMATI} } @article {1660, title = { Modification of oil palm fronds lignin by incorporation of m-cresol for improving structural and antioxidant properties }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES }, volume = {104}, year = {2017}, pages = {251-260}, abstract = {

Lignin extracted from oil palm fronds (OPF) underwent chemical modification by incorporating m-cresol into the lignin matrix. This study reports on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of unmodified autohydrolyzed ethanol organosolvlignin (AH EOL) and the modified autohydrolyzed ethanol organosolv lignin (AHC EOL). The lignin samples were analyzed by FFIR, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, 2D NMR: HSQC spectroscopy, CHN analysis, molecular weight distribution analysis; GPC and thermal analysis; DSC and TGA. The lignin modification has reduced the hydrophobicity of its complex structure by providing better quality lignin with smaller fragments and higher solubility rate in water (D-AHCEOL.: 42\%\> D-AHEOL: 25\%). It was revealed that the modification of lignin has improved their structural and antioxidant properties, thus venture their possible applications.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01765057}, author = {N.A. SA{\textquoteright}DON and A.A. RAHIM and M.N.M. IBRAHIM and N. BROSSE and M.H. HUSSIN} } @article {1673, title = { A Multitechnique Characterization of Lignin Softening and Pyrolysis }, journal = { ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY \& ENGINEERING }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {6940-6949}, abstract = {

The understanding of lignin softening and pyrolysis is important for developing lignocellulosic biorefinery in order to produce carbon fibers, polymers additives, green aromatics, or biofuels. Protobind lignin (produced by soda pulping of a wheat straw) was characterized by thermogravimetry, calorimetry (for glass transition temperature and heat of pyrolysis reactions), in situ H-1 NMR (for the analysis of the mobility of protons upon lignin thermal conversion), and solution-state C-13 and P-31 NMR (determination of functional groups in lignin). In situ rheology reveals the real-time viscoelastic behavior of lignin as a function of temperature. Upon heating, lignin undergoes softening, through glass transition overlapped with depolymerization, and is followed by the solidification of the softened material by cross-linking reactions. The lignin residues were quenched within the rheometer at the midpoint temperatures of softening and solidification regions and were further analyzed by elemental analysis, GPC-UV of acetylated THE soluble fractions, FTIR, solid C-13 NMR, and laser desorption ionization (LDI) combined with very high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). We present the first report on lignin biochars analysis by LDI-HRMS. NMR and FTIR analyses provide the evolution of functional moieties in lignin residues. C-13 NMR, GPC-UV, and LDI FTICRMS analyses depict the depolymerization mechanism combined with cross-linking and demethoxylation reactions. An overall physical and chemical mechanism for the thermal conversion of alkali lignin is proposed based on these complementary analyses.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01575541}, author = {B. SHRESTHA and Y. LE-BRECH and T. GHISLAIN and S. LECLERC and V. CARRE and F. AUBRIET and S. HOPPE and P. MARCHAL and S. PONTVIANNE and N. BROSSE and A. DUFOUR} } @article {1659, title = { Pretreatment of trace element-enriched biomasses grown on phytomanaged soils for bioethanol production }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {107}, year = {2017}, pages = {63-72}, abstract = {

Phytotechnologies are a set of sustainable, ecological options notably for alleviating pollutant linkages induced by contaminated soils. However, concerns exist regarding the processing of trace elements (TE)-enriched biomass and the fate of TEs in the end-products. The fractionation of phytoremediation TE-enriched non-woody lignocellulosic (tobacco) and woody (birch, willow) phytoremediation-borne biomasses was studied using ethanol organosolv, soda and dilute acid pretreatments. TE distribution in the process fractions (pulp, liquid effluents and lignin) was further examined. In dilute acid conditions, a wood pretreatment performed at 170 degrees C in the presence of 2\% w/w of sulfuric acid allowed an efficient extraction of the metals in the water effluent (approximate to 90\% for Mn and Zn) producing a clean pulp. A soda pretreatment resulted in a low metal extractability, especially at high temperature. At 170 degrees C or above with 15\% w/w of NaOH, metals were mostly recovered in the cellulosic pulp (70\%- 98\%). Using organosolv pulping, the TE contents were in the decreasing order: pulp \>\> water stream \> lignin. The TE organosolv extraction in the liquid phase varied depending on the TE metal and on the species but was generally low. Metal extractability increased with the water content in the solvent of the organosolv pulping but decreased with temperature. Enzymatic hydrolyses of TE-enriched and metal-free pulps were investigated and it was concluded that the TE concentrations had little or no effect on polysaccharide enzymatic hydrolysability by cellulases. The final destination of the various fractions for valorization in a biorefinery setting is discussed, regarding their TE content.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01538463}, author = {M. ASAD and Z. MENANA and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and V. BERT and M. CHALOT and R. HERZIG and M. MENCH and N. BROSSE} } @article {1688, title = { Resistance of thermally modified ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood under steam pressure against rot fungi, soil-inhabiting micro-organisms and termites }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {75}, year = {2017}, pages = {249-262}, abstract = {

Thermal modification processes have been developed to increase the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. The aim of this paper was to study the influence of ThermoWood(A (R)) treatment intensity on improvement of wood decay resistance against soil-inhabiting micro-organisms, brown/white rots and termite exposures. All of the tests were carried out in the laboratory with two different complementary research materials. The main research material consisted of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood thermally modified at temperatures of 170, 200, 215 and 228 A degrees C. The reference materials were untreated ash and beech wood for decay resistance tests, untreated ash wood for soil bed tests and untreated ash, beech and pine wood for termite resistance tests. An agar block test was used to determine the resistance to two brown-rot and two white-rot fungi according to CEN/TS 15083-1 directives. Durability against soil-inhabiting micro-organisms was determined following the CEN/TS 15083-2 directives, by measuring the weight loss, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) after incubation periods of 24, 32 and 90 weeks. Finally, Reticulitermes santonensis species was used for determining the termite attack resistance by non-choice screening tests, with a size sample adjustment according to EN 117 standard directives on control samples and on samples which have previously been exposed to soil bed test. Thermal modification increased the biological durability of all samples. However, high thermal modification temperature above 215 A degrees C, represented by a wood mass loss (ML\%) due to thermal degradation of 20\%, was needed to reach resistance against decay comparable with the durability classes of \&$\#$39;\&$\#$39;durable\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; or \&$\#$39;\&$\#$39;very durable\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; in the soil bed test. The brown-rot and white-rot tests gave slightly better durability classes than the soil bed test. Whatever the heat treatment conditions are, thermally modified ash wood was not efficient against termite attack neither before nor after soft rot degradation.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02179527}, author = {K. CANDELIER and S. HANNOUZ and M.F. THEVENON and D. GUIBAL and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS and R. COLLET} } @article {1687, title = { Tannin-boron complex as a preservative for 3-ply beech plywoods designed for humid conditions }, journal = { HOLZFORSCHUNG }, volume = {71}, year = {2017}, pages = {249-258}, abstract = {

Boric acid (BA) effectively controls wood-rotting fungi and termite attack but is readily leached out in outdoor exposure. A newly developed tannin-boron (TB) complex has been investigated to reduce BA leaching and to preserve beech plywood from biological attack. Wood veneers were impregnated with different TB solutions and then bonded with a melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive for bond class 2 applications. The formation of a solid hydrophobic TB network on the veneer surfaces partially decreased the tensile shear strength of plywood but the prepared panels met the requirements for bond class 2. The plywood samples made from veneers treated with only BA solutions showed fair resistance against white rot fungus and termite attack, but the durability decreased even after mild leaching tests. The panels made of treated veneers with TB formulations showed instead a high resistance against biological attack after mild leaching and to some extent after severe leaching tests. This depended on the concentration of tannin and BA in the solutions. Favorable results were obtained with 20\% tannin in the formulation. The results of the termites feeding choice test were more positive than those obtained by a forced feeding test. The control samples were attacked faster and showed higher weight loss when alternative samples included TB formulations.

}, author = {D. EFHAMISISI and M.F. THEVENON and Y. HAMZEH and A. PIZZI and A. KARIMI and K. POURTAHMASI} } @article {1662, title = { USING A PARAMETRIC STUDY TO ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE OF WOOD SOLAR DRYERS WITH GLAZED WALLS }, journal = { MADERAS-CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA }, volume = {19}, year = {2017}, pages = {463-470}, abstract = {

Parameters characterizing wood and air were studied in order to analyze the performance of a wood solar dryer functioning under Moroccan climate. A mathematical model based on the climate data of Rabat city was used to investigate theoretically the wood drying process. Two wood speciesthuya (Tetraclinis articulate) and pine (Pinus pinaster)-were examined in the present study. The results obtained by computer simulations are in good agreement with the experimental values. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the use of a global mass transfer coefficient for low temperature convective and homogenous drying conditions allows the influence of the principal operating parameters (wood thickness, wood density, air temperature, air velocity and ventilation mode) on the drying time to be estimated with great accuracy. Analyses pertaining to the two studied wood species revealed that(1) pine dries more quickly than thuya, (2) the drying process is faster in the summer relative to other seasons, (3) increasing the air velocity by 100\% results in a 20\% reduction in the drying time, and (4) continued ventilation reduces the drying time by 43\%.

}, author = {N. BEKKIOUI and A. ZOULALIAN and A. HAKAM and H. EZ-ZAHRAOUY} } @article {1697, title = { Wind effect on full-scale design of heliostat with torque tube }, journal = { MECHANICS \& INDUSTRY }, volume = {18}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Despite the importance of designing support structures for solar collectors, very little reliable work has been done to investigate the forces of the wind on heliostats of solar tower at real scale. Wind loads on heliostats are usually determined at low-speed wind tunnels scale, where the design full-scale Reynolds number cannot be reached. In the present study, measured data are used to validate the simulations at wind tunnel scale. Thereafter, by using the same method, three-dimensional numerical simulations of turbulent wind flow around a big heliostat of solar tower are performed. The obtained numerical results are presented for several elevation angles at normal operation and stow position. The results revealed that the known stow position (when the backside of the heliostat is facing the ground) is not the optimum position (other optimum elevation angles are discovered) especially with high wind speed, and the effect of torque tube is significant on heliostat mean wind loads.

}, author = {M. MAMMAR and S. DJOUIMAA and A. HAMIDAT and S. BAHRIA and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {1625, title = { Automotive brake pads made with a bioresin matrix }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {85}, year = {2016}, pages = {372-381}, abstract = {

By using biosourced raw materials such as condensed tannins and furfuryl alcohol a biosourced thermoset resin was developed and used and tested for a new application: as a resin matrix of automotive brake pads. The manufacturing procedure developed is particularly easy. Automotive brake pads based on this green resin were characterized and showed excellent braking properties and wear resistance when used under real car, full scale test conditions. Their mechanical resistance was found to be comparable to that of commercial automotive brake pads bonded with synthetic phenolic resins. They tolerated well the severe stresses induced by a strong braking like an emergency braking: 50 km/h (31 mph) until complete standstill and showed braking distances comparable or shorter than commercial brake pads.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599596}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and L. HAI and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and L. DELMOTTE and S. ABDALLA and A. ZAHED and F.M. AL-MARZOUKI} } @article {1657, title = { The capability of ultrafiltrated alkaline and organosolv oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fronds lignin as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M HCl solution }, journal = { MEASUREMENT }, volume = {78}, year = {2016}, pages = {90-103}, abstract = {

The inhibitive effect of ultrafiltrated oil palm fronds (OPF) lignins on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl solution has been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and weight loss measurement. The presence of smaller lignin fractions reduces remarkably the corrosion rate of mild steel. The highest corrosion inhibition efficiency for all ultrafiltrated lignins were attained at maximum concentration of 500 ppm (IEP.Soda: 87\% \> IEP.Organosolv: 83\% \> IEP.Kraft: 81\%). The results from this corrosion test clearly reveal that all ultrafiltrated lignins behaved as a mixed-type inhibitor with predominant anodic (organosolv lignin) or cathodic (alkaline lignin) effectiveness. It was deduced that the inhibition process was spontaneous and the inhibitors were mainly physically adsorbed onto the mild steel surface.

}, author = {M.H. HUSSIN and A.A. RAHIM and M.N.M. IBRAHIM and N. BROSSE} } @article {1648, title = { Characterization of Merbau Wood Extract Used as an Adhesive in Glued Laminated Lumber }, journal = { FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL }, volume = {66}, year = {2016}, pages = {313-318}, abstract = {

Polyphenolic chemical compounds were extracted from merbau (Intsia spp.) wood with an aqueous medium at a 1:4 ratio (wt/wt) heated to 80 degrees C for 3 hours. The extracted compounds were characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight spectrometry and included oligomers with up to six repeating flavonoid units, with resorcinol being the dominant compound paired with a minor amount of catechin units. The extract had a Stiasny number of 92.4 percent. The extract was combined with formaldehyde to produce a resin that was used to manufacture five-layer glued laminated lumber using four wood species, namely, pangsor (Ficus callosa), mindi (Melia azedarach), pine (Pinus merkusii), and mangium (Acacia mangium). The modulus of rupture and shear strength of mangium glued laminated lumber met the requirements of the Japanese standard (\"Japanese Agricultural Standard for Structural Glued Laminated Timber,\" 2003), and all products had a low formaldehyde emission.

}, author = {A. SANTOSO and Y.S. HADI and A. PIZZI and M.C. LAGEL} } @article {1623, title = { The chemical, kinetic and mechanical characterization of tannin-based adhesives with different crosslinking systems }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {68}, year = {2016}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {

Network formation, cure characteristics and bonding performance of tannin-based resins were investigated in order to establish structure-property relationships between the stage B and stage C. Tannin-aldehyde and base-catalyzed autocondensed tannin resins were synthesized and characterized for molecular weight distribution, cure kinetics and cure chemistry by means of GPC, DMA and C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and solvent stability tests. The resins performance as wood adhesives was further established from lap-shear tests and microscopic observation of the bondline. Resins prepared with highly reactive aldehydes, such as formaldehyde or glyoxal, exhibited a significant extent of hetero-condensation reactions, fast cure kinetics, a high storage modulus and good solvent stability of the stage C-resin. In contrast, resins prepared with bulky aldehydes of low reactivity, such as citral, were dominated by autocondensation reactions, and exhibited slower cure kinetics, a lower storage modulus and solvent-stability of the stage C-resin, alike those neat autocondensed tannin resins. However, all resin systems fulfilled the standard requirements for wood adhesive bonding for interior applications. Additionally, storage modulus increase during cure was found to be a good predictor of the stiffness of the wood-bonded assembly, useful to discriminate between the autocondensation and heterocondensation cure chemistries.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01599534}, author = {R. BOHM and M. HAUPTMANN and A. PIZZI and C. FRIEDRICH and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1635, title = { Induced Tannin Adhesive by Boric Acid Addition and Its Effect on Bonding Quality and Biological Performance of Poplar Plywood }, journal = { ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY \& ENGINEERING }, volume = {4}, year = {2016}, pages = {2734-2740}, abstract = {

Quebracho tannin wood adhesive in a non formaldehyde approach has a low hardening rate and needs more pressing time than formaldehyde-based wood adhesives during wood composites production. In this study, boric acid (BA) was used to increase autocondensation rate of tannin to make poplar plywood. The main ingredients of the adhesives included quebracho tannin, NaOH, hexamine, BA and polymeric isocyanate (PMDI). Thermomechanical analysis of without BA adhesives showed that maximum modulus of elasticity increased with increasing the initial tannin concentration from 40\% to 50\% (w/w), whereas no significant effect has been found by adding PMDI. Moreover, the addition of BA lowered time and temperature of hardening and increased modulus of elasticity of the adhesive. Also, tensile shear strength increased significantly with increasing the tannin concentration and the BA content (from 2\% to 4\%). Interestingly, applied BA in the glueline not only improved bonding quality of the panels but also provided good preservative performance against fungal attack even after mild leaching test.

}, author = {D. EFHAMISISI and M.F. THEVENON and Y. HAMZEH and A.N. KARIMI and A. PIZZI and K. POURTAHMASI} } @article {1602, title = { Parametric study of solar heating and cooling systems in different climates of Algeria - A comparison between conventional and high-energy-performance buildings }, journal = {ENERGY}, volume = {113}, year = {2016}, pages = {521-535}, abstract = {

Parametric optimization using dynamic simulation of a solar thermal system for producing hot water, space heating and cooling was developed. The system layouts include a single-effect absorption chiller activated by heat generated by flat plate solar collectors and stored in a solar storage tank. Two construction types were compared; the first is the typical construction in Algeria (low thermal mass with U-values of 1.25 W/m(2)K, single glazing), which represents the majority in the country, while the second is a High-Energy-Performance building (with U-values of 0.35 W/m(2)K, double glazing), representing the pilot project called ECO-BAT. Three of Algeria\&$\#$39;s regions were considered to evaluate the climatic effect of solar systems integration. Algiers represents the coastal region; Djelfa, the highlands region; Tamanrasset, the Sahara region. In parametric study, two solar collectors\&$\#$39; field parameters were analysed, including the surface area and the tilt angle. The results indicated that building loads are significantly reduced (12\%, 44\% and 22\% for Algiers, Djelfa and Tamanrasset, respectively). The solar energy contribution is more than 60\% for all cases, a significant contribution for an efficient building. In all cases, we observed that the solar fraction reaches more than 45\% when the optimum parameters of the solar system are selected.

}, author = {S. BAHRIA and M. AMIRAT and A. HAMIDAT and M. EL-GANAOUI and M.E. SLIMANI} } @article {1650, title = { PERMEABILITY IDENTIFICATION FOR A FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE BY INVERSE ANALYSIS }, journal = { COMPOSITES-MECHANICS COMPUTATIONS APPLICATIONS }, volume = {7}, year = {2016}, pages = {81-93}, abstract = {

The permeability of textile reinforcements is a crucial input to the simulation of a composite material process. In this paper, we present an accurate simulation approach for identifying fiber reinforcement permeability in the resin transfer moulding (RTM) process. The Gauss-Newton-Levenberg-Marquardt method was utilized to identify the permeabilities of fibrous reinforcement. Knowing the boundary conditions, the permeability can be deduced from pressure values at some given positions through the part. Starting from the initial estimate of permeability, the inverse method begins by solving the direct problem. The solution gives the pressure field everywhere in a composite sample. The calculated pressure field is then compared with an analytical pressure based on a criterion. The permeability is modified iteratively so as to minimize this criterion until the desired accuracy is achieved. A comparison between experimental and the computed parameters is used as convergence criteria in the iterative inverse technique, and good agreement is found.

}, author = {A. SAAD and A. ECHCHELH and M. HATTABI and M. EL-GANAOUI and M. AHD} } @article {1598, title = { Physicochemical of microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm fronds as potential methylene blue adsorbents }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES }, volume = {92}, year = {2016}, pages = {11-19}, abstract = {

The present study sheds light on the physical and chemical characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) isolated from oil palm fronds (OPF) pulps. It was found that the OPF MCC was identified as cellulose II polymorph, with higher crystallinity index than OPF alpha-cellulose (CrIOPFMCC: 71\%\> CrIOPF alpha-cellulose 47\%). This indicates that the acid hydrolysis allows the production of cellulose that is highly crystalline. BET surface area of OPF MCC was found to be higher than OPF alpha-cellulose (S-BETOPFMCC: 5.64 m(2) g(-1) \> SBETOPF alpha-cellulose :Q(a)(0) 2.04 m(2) g(-1)), which corroborates their potential as an adsorbent. In batch adsorption studies, it was observed that the experimental data fit well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm in comparison to Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacity (Q(a)(0)) of OPF MCC was found to be around 51.811 mg g(-1) and the experimental data fitted well to pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

}, author = {M.H. HUSSIN and N.A. POHAN and Z.N. GARBA and M.J. KASSIM and A.A. RAHIM and N. BROSSE and M. YEMLOUL and M.R.N. FAZITA and M.K.M. HAAFIZ} } @article {1620, title = { Strain rate effects on the compressive response of wood and energy absorption capabilities - Part A: Experimental investigations }, journal = { COMPOSITE STRUCTURES }, volume = {149}, year = {2016}, pages = {315-328}, abstract = {

Strain rate effect on wood material is of major interest when dealing with applications dedicated to energy absorption or wood machining. To understand and evaluate the strain rate influence on the wood responses, three experimental apparatus are used in order to cover a large range of strain rates, between 0.001 and 600 s(-1), and to allow observing densification regime for strains until 70\%. The influence of strain rate on mechanical properties, in particular, initial crushing stress, plateau stress and specific absorbed energies is investigated in the three orthotropic directions for two wood species (spruce and beech) really different in terms of relative density and microstructure. It is noticed that wood properties are strain rate sensitive and this sensitivity depends on the loading direction.

}, author = {J. WOUTS and G. HAUGOU and M. OUDJENE and D. COUTELLIER and H. MORVAN} } @article {1401, title = {Aningre tannin extract characterisation and performance as an adhesive resin}, journal = {Ind. Crop. Prod}, volume = { 77}, year = {2015}, pages = {225{\textendash}231 }, author = {N. KONAI and A. PIZZI and D. RAIDANDI and M.C. LAGEL and C. L{\textquoteright}HOSTIS and C. SAIDOU and A. HAMIDO and S. ABDALLA and F. BAHABRI and A. GANASH} } @article {1249, title = {Antioxidant and anti corrosive properties of oil palm frond lignins extracted with different techniques. }, journal = {Ann. Forest Sc. }, volume = {72}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, chapter = {17}, author = {M.H. HUSSIN and A. MOHD-SHAH and A.A. RAHIM and M.N. MOHAMAD-IBRAHIM and D. PERRIN and N. BROSSE} } @article {1561, title = { Comparison of the impact of different extraction methods on polyphenols yields and tannins extracted from Moroccan Acacia mollissima barks }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {70}, year = {2015}, pages = {245-252}, abstract = {

The performance of three techniques, conventional maceration at room temperature, infusion and microwave assisted extraction, was evaluated to extract polyphenols, condensed and hydrolysable tannins from Moroccan barks of Acacia mollissima. A comparison of these methods was performed using colorimetric assays. For each technique, the effect of extraction conditions on the yield extracts was evaluated. The variables studied are: solvent nature, barks ages, time extraction, power extraction and heat interaction with solvent nature and barks ages. This study proved that the choice of solvent extraction was a relation of the extraction method used and the extractible nature (polyphenols, condensed or hydrolysable tannins). Methanol was the best solvent to extract tannin and polyphenols using maceration at room temperature, and ethanol was the best for infusion at 60 degrees C. Microwave was more selective to extract polyphenols and tannins under extraction solvent used. Highest polyphenols contents was obtained using methanol. For condensed and hydrolysable tannins, the highest were obtained using water. The polyphenols contents extracted using maceration was closed to the yield obtained with microwave, 354 mg GAE/g bark, 442 mg GAE/g bark, respectively. This study proved the pertinence of traditional methods to extract polyphenols and tannins compared to the new extraction method (microwave). The best polyphenols yields, condensed and hydrolysable tannins were obtained by microwave followed by the yield obtained by maceration and finally the yield obtained by infusion.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01595994}, author = {R. NAIMA and M. OUMAM and H. HANNACHE and A. SESBOU and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and F.C. EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1252, title = {Enhanced properties of oil palm fronds (OPF) lignin fractions produced via tangential ultrafiltration technique }, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {66}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, chapter = {1}, author = {M.H. HUSSIN and A.A. RAHIM and M.N. MOHAMAD-IBRAHIM and D. PERRIN and N. BROSSE} } @article {1396, title = {The GSTome reflects the chemical environment of white-rot fungi.}, year = {2015}, author = {A. DEROY and F. SAIAG and Z. KEBBI-BENKEDER and N. TOUAHRI and A. HECKER and M. MOREL-ROUHIER and F. COLIN and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN and E. GELHAYE} } @article {1563, title = { Immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of Pituranthos tortuosus essential oil }, journal = { TUMOR BIOLOGY }, volume = {36}, year = {2015}, pages = {5165-5170}, abstract = {

Many studies have been performed to assess potential utility of natural products as immunomodulants to enhance antitumor activity in situ. In this study, an essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Pituranthos tortuosus was prepared using hydrodistillation, its composition was characterized, and its immunomodulatory potential was assessed. The results indicated that the EO contained sabinene, a-pinene, limonene, and terpinen-4-ol as major constituents. EO was also found to be able to significantly promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, suggestive of a potential for activation of B cells and enhanced humoral immune responses in hosts given this product. Effects of EO on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also investigated in B16F10 melanoma cells. EO-induced tumor cell growth inhibition was associated with characteristic apoptotic changes in the cells, including nuclear condensation. In conclusion, these data suggested to us that an EO of P. tortuosus could evolve to be a potential medicinal resource for use in the treatment of cancers.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598446}, author = {M. KRIFA and H. EL-MEKDAD and N. BENTOUATI and A. PIZZI and K. GHEDIRA and M. HAMMAMI and S.E. EL-MESHRI and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA} } @article {1557, title = {Improved corrosion inhibition of mild steel by chemically modified lignin polymers from Elaeis guineensis agricultural waste}, journal = {MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS}, volume = {163}, year = {2015}, pages = {201-212}, abstract = {

This article describes that the modification of lignin by incorporation of aromatic scavengers (2-naphthol: AHN EOL and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone: AHD EOL) during delignification process has improved the physical properties of the lignin fractions. Smaller fragments of lignin with high phenolic -OH content, increased solubility and antioxidant activity have led to improved inhibitive property of the modified lignin. The inhibition efficiency (84-93\%) of both modified lignin (500 ppm) were observed to be better than unmodified organosolv lignin (EOL). It was deduced that the inhibition process was spontaneous and the inhibitors were mainly physically adsorbed onto the mild steel surface.

}, author = {M.H. HUSSIN and A.A. RAHIM and M.N.M. IBRAHIM and N. BROSSE} } @article {1400, title = {Mechanical properties of Aningeria superba (Aningre) and Austranella congolensis tannin adhesives}, journal = {Sylwan}, volume = {159(7)}, year = {2015}, pages = {317-328}, author = {N. KONAI and D. RAIDANDI and A. PIZZI and L. MEVA{\textquoteright}A and M. MBUH-KUMA and L. HAI} } @article {1587, title = { NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE SPREADING AND SOLIDIFICATION OF A MOLTEN PARTICLE IMPACTING ONTO A RIGID SUBSTRATE UNDER PLASMA SPRAYING CONDITIONS }, journal = { THERMAL SCIENCE }, volume = {19}, year = {2015}, pages = {277-284}, abstract = {

This paper deals with simulation of the spreading and solidification of a fully molten particle impacting onto a preheated substrate under traditional plasma spraying conditions. The multiphase problem governing equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation taking into account heat transfer by conduction, convection, and phase change are solved by using a finite element approach. The interface between molten particle and surrounding air, is tracked using the Level Set method. The effect of the Reynolds number on the droplet spreading and solidification, using a wide range of impact velocities (40-250 m/s), is reported. A new correlation that predicts the final spread factor of splat as a function of Reynolds number is obtained. Thermal contact resistance, viscous dissipation, wettability and surface tension forces effects are taken into account.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01592092}, author = {S. OUKACH and H. HAMDI and M. EL-GANAOUI and B. PATEYRON} } @article {1392, title = {Phenol-urea-formaldehyde resin co-polymer synthesis and its influence on elaeis palm trunk plywood mechanical performance evaluated by 13C-NMR and maldi-tof mass spectrometry,}, journal = {, Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives,}, volume = {63}, year = {2015}, month = { 2015}, pages = {117-123}, author = {Y. BENG-HOONG and A. PIZZI and L. ABDCHUAH and J. HARUN} } @article {1544, title = {Preparation and Characterization of Lignin Polyols from the Residues of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch}, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {7339-7352}, abstract = {

In this work, lignin polyols were prepared from the liquefaction of kraft lignin and from the direct liquefaction of Elaeis guineensis lignocellulosic waste. The liquefaction reaction was performed with polyhydric alcohols using sulfuric acid as catalyst at 160 degrees C. The physical and chemical characterizations of lignin and lignin polyols were conducted by elemental analysis, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, molecular weight distribution, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Quantitative C-13 NMR showed that all aliphatic hydroxyl group values of polyols noticeably increased with the use of the two methods compared to kraft lignin. The average molecular weight analysis of the liquefied product showed that it exhibited high molecular weight compared to kraft lignin. Both structural and thermal characteristics suggest that lignin polyols would be a good substitute for kraft lignin in the synthesis of polymeric compounds such as environmentally friendly resins or wood adhesives, as it presents higher amounts of activated free ring positions, higher molecular weight, and high thermal stability.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01598213}, author = {A.H. FARIS and M.N.M. IBRAHIM and A.A. RAHIM and M.H. HUSSIN and N. BROSSE} } @article {1403, title = {Synthesis of bio-adhesives from soybean flour and furfural: relationship between furfural level and sodium hydroxide concentration}, journal = { Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives. }, volume = {63}, year = {2015}, pages = {74-78 }, author = {E. LEPINE and B. RIEDL and X-M. WANG and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and J-M. HARDY and M-J. RAIZER-DA-CRUZ} } @article {1546, title = {The use of an agricultural waste material from Ziziphus jujuba as a novel adsorbent for humic acid removal from aqueous solutions}, journal = {JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS}, volume = {211}, year = {2015}, pages = {1039-1046}, abstract = {

The purpose of our work is the development of a local agricultural waste biomass material, Ziziphus jujuba known as Nebka (NB), into activated carbons to remove humic acid (HA) from aqueous solutions. This was further treated with nitric acid solutions. The surface characteristics of the adsorbent were calculated using the standard Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method (BET). The microstructures of the samples were observed with scanning electron micrographs. Chemical characterization of the samples was carried out by selective titrations and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). On the basis of the BET results, we have obtained the best microporous activated carbon oxidized (surface area of 970 m(2)/g, microporous volume of 0.170 cm(3)/g and total pore volume of 0326 cm(3)/g). Adsorption studies were conducted using a batch process, to study the effects of contact time, pH and temperature. The pH dependent sorption of HA was found maximum at pH range 4-6 for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L. The equilibrium adsorption data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the kinetic data was analyzed using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption reached equilibrium after 300 mm and the maximum adsorption capacity was about 76.92 mg/g at 20 degrees C according to the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of HA onto oxidized activated carbons was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic at 20-40 degrees C.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269501}, author = {H.D. BOURAS and O. BENTURKI and N. BOURAS and M. ATTOU and A. DONNOT and A. MERLIN and F. ADDOUN and M.D. HOLTZ} } @article {1393, title = {Utilization of temperature kinetic as prediction{\textquoteright}s way of a method to predict treatment intensity and corresponding wood properties of thermally modified}, journal = {Maderas-Cienc Tecnol}, year = {2015}, month = {17(2) /2015}, pages = {253-262}, author = {K. CANDELIER and S. HANNOUZ and M. ELAIEB and R. COLLET and S. DUMARCAY and A. PETRISSANS and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1191, title = {Accelerated autocondensation of quebracho tannin by boric acid to make poplar plywood. }, journal = {J. Forest and Wood Products (Iran)}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {D. EFHAMISISI and Y. HAMZEH and M.F. THEVENON and A. KARIMI and A. PIZZI and K. POURTAHMASI} } @article {1210, title = {Effects of silencing RET-PTC1 oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma by siRNA-squalene nanoparticles with and without fusogenic companion GALA-Cholesterol}, journal = {Thyroid}, volume = {24}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {327}, author = {H.M. ALI and A. MAKSIMENKO and G. URBINATI and H. CHAPUIS and M. RAOUANE and D. DESMAELE and H. YASUHIRO and H. HARASHIMA and P. COUVREUR and L. MASSAAD-MASSAADE} } @article {1005, title = {Effects of silencing the RET/PTC1 oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma by siRNA-squalene nanoparticles with and without fusogenic companion GALA-Cholesterol.}, journal = { Thyroid}, volume = {24}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {327-338}, author = {ALI, H-M. and URBINATI, G. and CHAPUIS, H. and DESMAELE, D. and RAOUANE, M. and YASUHIRO, H. and HARASHIMA, H. and COUVREUR, P. and MASSAAD-MASSADE, L.} } @article {1292, title = {The identification of effective thermal conductivity for fibrous reinforcement composite by inverse method}, journal = {Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites}, volume = {33}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {2183}, author = {A. SAAD and A. ECHCHELH and M. HATTABI and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {1244, title = {Impact of catalytic oil palm fronds (OPF)pulping on organosolv lignin properties. }, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {109}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {33}, author = {M.H. HUSSIN and A.A. RAHIM and M.N. MOHAMAD-IBRAHIM and D. PERRIN and M. YEMLOUL and N. BROSSE} } @article {1231, title = {Influence of thermal treatment and impregnation on the durability of wood colour.}, journal = {Journal of Forestry Products and Industries}, volume = {3}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {42}, author = {I. EL-BAKALI and S. YAGI and M. HAMZAH and B. GEORGE and A. MERLIN and X. DEGLISE} } @article {702, title = {Investigation on the structure and antioxidant properties of modified lignin obtained by different combinative processes of oil palm fronds (OPF) biomass}, journal = {Industrial crops and products. }, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {544-551}, author = {MH. HUSSIN and A. RAHIM and MNM. IBRAHIM and M. YEMLOUL and D. PERRIN and N. BROSSE} } @article {1254, title = {Modeling and numerical simulation of wood torrefaction. }, journal = {Innovation in woodworking industry and engineering design.}, volume = {3}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {26}, author = {A. PETRISSANS and J. HAMADA and M. CHAOUCH and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1206, title = {Transcriptomic responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to wood extractives: focus on a new glutathione transferase. }, journal = {Appl. Environ. Microbiol. }, volume = {80}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {6316}, author = {A. THUILLIER and K. CHIBANI and G. BELLI and E. HERRERO and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN and A. KOHLER and A. DEROY and T. DHALLEINE and R. BCHINI and J.P. JACQUOT and E. GELHAYE and M. MOREL-ROUHIER} } @article {640, title = {Causes of the water resistance of welded joints of Paduk wood (Pterocarpus soyauxii, Taub.)}, journal = {J.Renewable Resources}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {79-82}, author = {T. GANIER and J. HU and A. PIZZI} } @article {672, title = {Development of a new method for pilot scale production of high grade oil palm plywood: Effect of resin content on the mechanical properties, bonding quality and formaldehyde emission of palm plywood}, journal = {Materials \& Design}, volume = {52}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {828-834}, author = {YEOH-BENG, H. and YUEH-FENG, L. and LUGMAN-ABD, C. and IDRUS, J. and PIZZI, A. and TAHIR-PARIDAH, MD. and HARUN, J.} } @article {610, title = {The effect of log heating temperatures on the peeling process and veneer quality: beech, birch, spruce and Douglas-fir case studies}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {DUPLEIX, A. and DENAUD, L. and BLERON, L. and MARCHAL, R. and HUGUES, M.} } @article {608, title = {Effects of corona discharge treatment on the mechanical properties of biocomposites from polylactic acid and Algerian date palm fibres}, journal = {Sci. Res. Essays}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {946-952}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. ZERIZER and I. HADDADOU and A. MERLIN} } @article {1281, title = {From the guest editors of part one analytical methods to non-linear heat transfer and diffusion.}, journal = {Thermal Science}, volume = {17}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {9}, author = {J. HRISTOV and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {650, title = {Mimosa tannin resins for impregnated paper overlays}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {153-162}, author = {U. HANI-ABDULLAH and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and K. RODE and L. DELMOTTE and H.R. MANSOURI} } @article {1287, title = {A new model for the simulation and improvement of resin transfer molding process}, journal = {Process research on Precision Instrument and Machinery}, volume = {2}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {A. SAAD and A. ECHCHELH and M. HATTABI and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {1283, title = {Numerical study of the spreading and solidification of a molten particle impacting onto a rigid substrate under plasma spraying conditions}, journal = {Thermal Science}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {S. OUKACH and H. HAMDI and M. EL-GANAOUI and B. PATEYRON} } @article {682, title = {Particleboard production from date palm biomass}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {717-723}, author = {S. AMIROU and A. ZERIZER and A. PIZZI and I. HADDADOU and X. ZHOU} } @article {597, title = {Physicochemical characterization of alkaline and ethanol organosolv lignins from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fronds as phenol substitutes for green material applications}, journal = {Ind crops prod}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {23-32}, author = {HUSSIN, M-H. and AFIDAH-ABDUL, R. and MOHAMAD-NASIR, M-I. and BROSSE, N.} } @article {623, title = {Selection and validation of enzymatic activities as functional markers in wood biotechnology and fungal ecology}, journal = {Journal of Microbiological Methods }, volume = {92}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {152-163}, author = {Y. MATHIEU and E. GELHAYE and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN and L. HARVENGT and M. BUEE} } @article {1284, title = {Thermal impedance estimations by semi-derivatives and semi-integrals 1-D semi-infinite cases}, journal = {Thermal Science}, volume = {17}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {581}, author = {J. HRISTOV and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {1282, title = {Thermo-mechanical modeling of the splat formation in plasma spray conditions}, journal = {Physical and Chemical News}, volume = {67}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {113}, author = {S. OUKACH and H. HAMDI and M. EL-GANAOUI and B. PATEYRON} } @article {671, title = {Wood{\textendash}bamboo{\textendash}wood laminated composite lumber jointed by linear vibration{\textendash}friction welding}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {683-686}, author = {J. HU and A. PIZZI} } @article {1279, title = {Analytical and innovative solutions for heat transfer problems involving phase change and interfaces. }, journal = {Comptes Rendus M{\'e}canique}, volume = {340}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {463}, author = {M. EL-GANAOUI and J. HRISTOV and M. LACROIX} } @article {557, title = {Characterization of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium Glutathione Transferase Reveals a Novel Structural and Functional Class with Ligandin Properties}, journal = {Journal of Biological Chemistry}, volume = {287}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {39001-39011}, author = {Y. MATHIEU and P. PROSPER and M. BUEE and S. DUMARCAY and F. FAVIER and E. GELHAYE and P. GERARDIN and L. HARVENGT and J-P. JACQUOT and T. LAMANT} } @article {556, title = {Comparison of woods extractives coming from species commonly used in manufactures of wood}, journal = {Oriental Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {28}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {29-39}, author = {S.D. BAKHKHAT and A. DONNOT and A. HAKAM and D. PERRIN and M.O. RIGO and S. DUMARCAY and A. MERLIN and Z. HAMOUTAHRA} } @article {582, title = {Effect of corona discharge treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of composites based on miscanthus fibres and polylactic acid or polypropylene matrix}, journal = {Composites part A}, volume = {43}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {675-685}, author = {M. RAGOUBI and B. GEORGE and S. MOLINA and D. BIENAIME and A. MERLIN and J.-M. HIVER and A. DAHOUN} } @article {1277, title = {Effect of thermal contact resistance on alumina molten particle impacting onto a metal substrate.}, journal = {Defect and Diffusion forum}, volume = {326-328}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {482}, author = {S. OUKACH and B. PATEYRON and H. HAMDI and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {1227, title = {High temperature reforming of hydrocarbons in a gas from biomass}, journal = {Fuel}, volume = {243}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {70}, author = {H. HIBLOT and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and R. FOURNET and P.A. GLAUDE} } @article {1256, title = {Influence of the heterogeneity of the raw wood material on the final quality of the heat treated wood. }, journal = {Innovation in woodworking industry and engineering design. }, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {31}, author = {J. HAMADA and A. PETRISSANS and F. MOTHE and M. FOURNIER and M. PETRISSANS and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1269, title = {Numerical simulation and analysis of flow in resin transfer molding process}, journal = {Fluid Dynamics \& Materials Processing}, volume = {8}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {277}, author = {SAAD, A. and ECHCHELH, A. and HATTABI, M. and El-GANAOUI, M.} } @article {1270, title = {Numerical simulation of thickness variation effect on resin transfer molding process}, journal = {Polymer Composites}, volume = {33}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {10}, author = {SAAD, A. and ECHCHELH, A. and HATTABI, M. and El-GANAOUI, M.} } @article {564, title = {Rational production of veneer by IR-heating of green wood during peeling: Modelling experiments}, journal = {Holzforschung}, volume = {67}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {53-58}, author = {A. DUPLEIX and S. OULD-AHMEDOU and L. BL{\'E}RON and F. ROSSI and M. HUGUES} } @article {1204, title = {Synthesis of 6-substituted 2(1H)-pyridon-3-yl C-2{\textquoteright}-deoxyribonucleosides}, journal = {Eur. J. Org. Chem. }, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1759}, author = {H. CHAPUIS and T. KUBELKA and N. JOUBERT and L. SLAVETINSKA and M. HOCEK} } @article {1420, title = {Extraction, characterization and utilization of organosolv Miscanthus lignin for the conception of resin for wood adhesives,}, journal = {Adh. Sci. Technol}, volume = {25}, year = {2011}, chapter = {1549-1560}, author = {EL HAGE, R. and BROSSE, N. and NAVARRETE, P. and PIZZI, A.} } @article {726, title = {A fast computational model to the simulation of non-isothermal mold filling process in resin transfer molding}, journal = { Polymer composites}, volume = {32}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, chapter = {857-868}, author = {S.A. ECHCHELH and M. HATTABI and M. ELGANAOUI} } @article {727, title = {An improved computational method for non isothermal resin transfer moulding simulation}, journal = {Thermal Science}, volume = {15}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, chapter = {275-289}, author = {S.A. ECHCHELH and M. HATTABI and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {729, title = {Improvement of a flow tracking method applied to resin transfer moulding simulation}, journal = {Phys. Chem. News}, volume = {57}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, chapter = {85-94}, author = {S.A. ECHCHELH and M. HATTABI and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {739, title = {Effect of the Severity of the Ethanol Organosolv Process on the Chemical Structure of Ethanol Organosolv Miscanthus Lignins}, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {95}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {997-1003}, author = {EL HAGE, R. and BROSSE, N. and SANNIGRAHI, P. and RAUGAUSKAS, A.} } @article {733, title = {Investigations of chemical modifications of Beech Wood Lignin during heat treatment}, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {95}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {1721-1726}, author = {BROSSE, N. and EL HAGE, R. and CHAOUCH, M. and PETRISSANS, M. and DUMARCAY, S. and GERARDIN, P.} } @article {846, title = {1,1,3-Trichloro-1H-isoindole as a versatile reagent in the N{\textquoteright},N{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}-1H-isoindole-1,3-diylidenedicarbohydrazide synthesis}, journal = {Tetrahedron}, volume = {65}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {6218-6225}, author = {HORDIYENKO, O.V. and RUDENKO, I.V. and BIITSEVA, A.V. and TUROV, A.V. and ARRAULT, A. and BROSSE, N. and FABRE, O. and JAMART-GREGOIRE, B. and ZUBATYUK, R.I. and SHISHKIN, O.V.} } @article {845, title = {Molecular tailored Histidine-based complexing surfactants : from micelles to hydrogels.}, journal = {European Journal of Organic Chemistry}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {3953-3963}, author = {GIZZI, P. and PASC, A. and DUPUY, N. and PARANT, S. and HENRY, B. and GERARDIN, C.} } @article {880, title = { A practical approach for medelling and control of biomass pyrolysis pilot plant with heat recovery from combustion of pyrolysis products}, journal = {Fuel Processing Technology}, volume = {90}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {1278-1285}, author = {ABBASSI, M.A. and GRIOUI, N. and HALOUANI, K. and ZOULALIAN, A. and ZEGHMATI, B.} } @article {922, title = {Influence of the gelator structure and solvent on the organisation and chirality of the self-assembling fibrillar networks}, journal = {New journal of Chemistry}, volume = {1}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {1-9}, author = {PHAM, Q.N. and BROSSE, N. and FROCHOT, C. and DUMAS, D. and HOCQUET, A. and JAMART-GREGOIRE, B.} } @article {958, title = {Effect of an oil heat treatment on leachability and biological resistance of boric acid impregnated wood}, journal = {Ann. For. Sci.}, volume = {64}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, chapter = {673-678}, author = {LYON, F. and THEVENON, M.F. and HWANG, W.J. and IMAMURA, Y. and GRIL, J. and PIZZI, A.} } @article {949, title = {Enzymatic acylation of flavonoids: Effect of the nature of the substrate, origin of lipase, and operating conditions on conversion yield and regioselectivity}, journal = {J. Agric. Food Chem.}, volume = {55}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, chapter = {9496-9502}, author = {CHEBIL, L. and ANTHONI, J. and HUMEAU, C. and GERARDIN, C. and ENGASSER, J.M. and GHOUL, M.} } @article {962, title = {Evaluation of thermally modified Grevillea robusta heartwood as an alternative to shortage of wood resource in Kenya : characterisation of physicochemical properties and improvement of bio-resistance}, journal = {Bioresource Technology}, volume = {98}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, chapter = {3478-3486}, author = {MBURU, F. and DUMARCAY, S. and HUBER, F. and PETRISSANS, M. and GERARDIN, P.} } @article {971, title = {Experimental study of thermal effect on olive wood porous structure during carbonization}, journal = {Maderas: Ciencia y Technologia}, volume = {9}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, chapter = {15-28}, author = {GRIOUI, N. and HALOUANI, K. and ZOULALIAN, A. and HALOUANI, F.} } @article {1002, title = {Investigation on the structure and antioxidant properties of modified lignin obtained by different combinative processes of oil palm fronds (OPF) biomass}, journal = {2014}, volume = {52}, month = {2014}, chapter = {544-551}, author = {HAZWAN-HUSSIN, M. and ABDUL-RAHIM, A. and MOHAMAD-NASIR, M-I. and YEMLOUL, M. and PERRIN, D. and BROSSE, N.} }