@article {1866, title = { ANTI-FUNGAL AND ANTI-TERMITE ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTIVES COMPOUNDS FROM THERMALLY MODIFIED ASH WOODS }, journal = { MADERAS-CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA }, volume = {22}, year = {2020}, pages = {223-240}, abstract = {

Thermal modification of wood is a promising alternative to chemical and biocidal modification processes, increasing the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. However, the wood-decay resistance properties of heat-treated wood are still not well known. The main objective of this study was to determine the biological resistance of heat-treated ash wood, and assess the antifungal and anti-termite activity of extractive compounds from heat-treated ash woods, depending on the intensity of the modification process (2 hours at 170, 200, 215, 228 (degrees C) - steam pressure). Untreated and heat-treated wood samples were extracted with water or acetone. The extracts were then used to determine inhibition effectiveness against white-rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot (Rhodonia placenta) fungi. Whatman papers impregnated with extractives were used to evaluate the inhibition of termite feeding. Lastly, the extractives were analyzed by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and compared for their level of anti-termite and antifungal activity. The results showed that the degree of antifungal activity of these extracts depended on the solvent used during the extraction process and varied depending on heat treatment intensity. The extracts were more effective against brown-rot than white-rot fungi. However, the anti-termite activity of heat-treated ash wood extracts was not really significant. A GC-MS analysis showed that the main share of the extractives in untreated wood was removed. In addition, new chemical elements were generated by the thermal degradation of wood polymers (lignin and hemicelluloses), including aliphatic acids, monosaccharides and other products resulting from their dehydration reaction. The most abundant element was syringaldehyde, from lignin derived compounds, which might explain the antifungal activities of thermally treated ash wood extracts.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02502770}, author = {K. CONDELIER and M.F. THEVENON and R. COLLET and P. GERARDIN and S. DUMARCAY} } @article {1861, title = { Condensed tannin-glucose-based NIPU bio-foams of improved fire retardancy }, journal = { POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY }, volume = {175}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Glucose-based self-blowing non-isocyanate polyurethanes foams were prepared in our previous work. They showed excellent properties comparable to commercial foams by just using a simple preparation procedure. These foams, nevertheless, present a critical drawback that is their flammability. In the research presented here a natural phenolic compound, condensed tannin, was tested as a flame-retardant to improve the fire resistance of glucose-based NIPU foams. A number of tannin-substituted glucose-based NIPU foams (mimosa tannin replacing glucose at 0\%, 25\% and 50\%, respectively) were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), ignition experiment and limiting oxygen index (LOI). Other physical and mechanical properties, such as foaming processes, density, compression strength, etc. were also investigated. The results indicated that the tannin-modified glucose-based NIPU foams (T/G (1/3)-Fs and (T/G (1/1)-Fs)) exhibit smaller mean cell size, improved compression strength and higher density than (T/G (0/4)-Fs). The FT-IR analysis showed that urethane linkages were formed, the chemical structure of glucose-based NIPU foam being nonetheless preserved even if the glucose was partially replaced by the condensed tannin. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of condensed tannin decreased the thermal stability of the tannin-glucose NIPU foam composites slightly. In addition, ignition experiments were also carried out in which the glucose-based NIPU foams with a condensed tannin showed longer burning time than neat (T/G (0/4)-Fs). Finally, limiting oxygen index (LOI) values from 17.5\% to 25.5\%, show a higher value with the increasing condensed tannin substitution.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and J.X. LI and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and X.J. ZHOU and E. FREDON and G.B. DU and C. GERARDIN} } @article {1854, title = { Geographic and intraspecific variability of mesquitol amounts in Prosopis juliflora trees from Kenya }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {78}, year = {2020}, pages = {801-809}, abstract = {

Several studies have shown that the heartwood of Prosopis juliflora contains high amounts of a naturally rare flavan-3-ol compound identified as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)chromane-3,7,8-triol otherwise known as (-)-mesquitol (1). It is known to possess strong antioxidant properties, which may be of valuable interest for further valorization. However, no data exists so far showing the variations of its abundance depending on the different geographic habitats of the tree, the age and the different parts of the tree stem. The variability of flavan-3-ols depending on the geographical area and intra-specific variability within P. juliflora trees from Kenya was addressed in this substantive study. The study was done using wood extracts from three different counties in Kenya (Baringo, Garissa and Turkana Counties). Wood samples were separated into two categories of ages; small trees, aged less than 4 years and the big trees, aged more than 8 years. Each sample was divided into five different parts, which included the bark, sapwood, knot wood, heartwood and the pith. Serial extractions were done by the Dionex accelerated solvent extractor using four solvents in increasing polarity (dichloromethane, acetone, toluene: ethanol (2:1 v/v) and finally water). Gas chromatographic analysis coupled to mass spectrometry was employed to identify the different compounds present in the extracts. LC-MS/MS method was thereafter developed and used to confirm the identity and quantify the amounts of mesquitol present. Two other flavan-3-ols identified and quantified included catechin (2) and 4 \&$\#$39;-O-methylgallocatechin (3). A systematic study on the mass spectra and the observed fragmentations of the flavonoids showed that mesquitol compound is the most abundant compound in P. juliflora with high amounts being found in the heartwood and pith of the acetonic extract (47-72\%). Mesquitol abundance was also found to vary depending on the age of the tree and on the geographical areas.

}, author = {S.C. CHEPKWONY and S. DUMARCAY and H. CHAPUIS and A. KIPROP and P. GERARDIN and C. GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER} } @article {1873, title = { Natural durability of four Tunisian Eucalyptus spp. and their respective compositions in extractives }, journal = {HOLZFORSCHUNG}, volume = {74}, year = {2020}, pages = {260-274}, abstract = {

Eucalyptus trees have been adapted to the Tunisian climate. Now, they need to be economically valued. Tunisian Eucalyptus have great technological properties allowing us to use them as wooden material. However, there is large variability in the natural durability between heartwood Eucalyptus spp. The wood sustainability assessment provides reliable parameters to predict the service life of wood-based products. This study aimed to evaluate the wood deterioration of four North Tunisian fast-growing Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalyptus maidenii, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus gomphocephala) exposed to basidiomycetes (Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor) and termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) attacks. Among the four Eucalyptus woods, Eucalyptus gomphocephala presents the highest decay and termite resistance. The four Eucalyptus wood species are classified as very durable against fungal degradation and durable against termite attacks, expect for Eucalyptus saligna which is classified as sensible against termites. The natural durability of Eucalyptus seems to be mainly caused by extractives, and a lot of compounds are involved. Antifungal and anti-termite properties of these compounds were put in perspective with the natural durability of wood. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses highlighted that Eucalyptus durability is mostly governed by gallic acid, fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid esters, phenolic compounds, sitosterol, catechin and ellagic acid.

}, author = {M.T. ELAIEB and S. BEN-AYED and S. DUMARCAY and B.D.H. DE-FARIA and M.F. THEVENON and P. GERARDIN and K. CANDELIER} } @article {1885, title = { Oxidized demethylated lignin as a bio-based adhesive for wood bonding }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION }, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Lignin was successfully modified to prepare a bio-based wood adhesive by just two synthesis steps: demethylation and periodate oxidation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) were combined to characterize the bio-based adhesives obtained. Furthermore, the adhesion performance of the bio-based lignin adhesive was measured by testing the tensile shear strength of the bonded joints. The results show that demethylated lignin gives to the wood joint acceptable dry shear strength, but no wet shear strength. Thus, sodium peroxide (NaIO4) oxidant was used to improve the bonding performance of lignin-based adhesives. The optimal formulation for oxidized demethylated lignin adhesives was found to be by 20\% addition of NaIO4. The adhesive presented is a lignin-derived non- aldehyde addition, high biomass content, and its preparation is convenient, low-cost product and can be applied to wood bonding.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and E. FREDON and G.B. DU and C. GERARDIN and S. AMIROU} } @article {1865, title = { Preparation and Characterization of Condensed Tannin Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Rigid Foams by Ambient Temperature Blowing }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Ambient temperature self-blowing mimosa tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) rigid foam was produced, based on a formulation of tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resin. A citric acid and glutaraldehyde mixture served as a blowing agent used to provide foaming energy and cross-link the tannin-derived products to synthesize the NIPU foams. Series of tannin-based NIPU foams containing a different amount of citric acid and glutaraldehyde were prepared. The reaction mechanism of tannin-based NIPU foams were investigated by Fourier Trasform InfraRed (FT-IR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR). The results indicated that urethane linkages were formed. The Tannin-based NIPU foams morphology including physical and mechanical properties were characterized by mechanical compression, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All the foams prepared showed a similar open-cell morphology. Nevertheless, the number of cell-wall pores decreased with increasing additions of glutaraldehyde, while bigger foam cells were obtained with increasing additions of citric acid. The compressive mechanical properties improved with the higher level of crosslinking at the higher amount of glutaraldehyde. Moreover, the TGA results showed that the tannin-based NIPU foams prepared had similar thermal stability, although one of them (T-Fs-7) presented the highest char production and residual matter, approaching 18.7\% at 790 degrees C.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and E. FREDON and X.J. ZHOU and J.X. LI and C. GERARDIN and G.B. DU} } @article {1884, title = { Quantitative and qualitative composition of bark polyphenols changes longitudinally with bark maturity in Abies alba Mill. }, journal = { ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE }, volume = {77}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Key message Total bark extractive content increases at positions higher in the trunk ofAbies albaMill. trees. The greatest proportions of bark polyphenolic extractives are found in the lower section of the trunk, below the crown. Context The bark of commercially grown softwood trees is a potentially valuable source of secondary metabolites including polyphenols such as tannins, used in the manufacture of adhesives and resins. There is little information about how the yield and composition of bark extracts vary longitudinally within trees and with respect to the presence or absence of branches. Aims We examined the variability of bark secondary metabolites in the softwood Abies alba both longitudinally within trees and among trees at specific sample heights. The aim was to determine whether specific bark fractions within this species contain more extractable secondary metabolites than others. Methods Eight trees of A. alba were harvested, and up to 13 discs were cut along the trunk from 30 cm above the ground to where the trunk was only 10 cm in diameter. Milled bark was extracted with water:ethanol (1:1) using an accelerated solvent extractor and the dry yield calculated. Extract composition was examined by liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. Results Total extract yield increased from the base of the tree towards the top. The yield of the most abundant polyphenolic compounds decreased from the base of the tree towards the top, indicating the total extracts included compounds that were not detectable with the chromatographic method used. Conclusion Although extract yield is highest at the top of the tree, the composition of the extracts indicates that compounds with known marketable value, and present in detectable proportions, are found at the base of the tree.

}, author = {M. BRENNAN and C. FRITSCH and S. COSGUN and S. DUMARCAY and F. COLIN and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1870, title = { Recovery of lignin and lignans enriched fractions from thermomechanical pulp mill process water through membrane separation technology: Pilot-plant study and techno-economic assessment }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION }, volume = {249}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Membrane process is a viable option for valuable compounds such as lignin and lignans recovery in aqueous discharges of thermomechanical pulp industries. Recovery of lignin and lignans with continuous mode ultrafiltration/nanofiltration installation has not been studied in detail previously. After flotation used to remove lipophilic matter of pulp mill effluent, the three steps membrane process was composed of a clarification step by a 150 kDa ultrafiltration used to remove suspended matter, followed by two nanofiltrations of 1 kDa and 300 Da to respectively retain lignin and lignans. A techno-economic evaluation of this process has been performed. The process with a plant capacity of 60 m(3) h(-1) was able to produce 12 tons of lignin and 825 kg of lignans per month. The influence of plant capacity between 0.1 and 60 m(3) h(-1) on extracts production cost allows determining a production cost equal or below 10 V.kg(-1) as plant capacity reached 10 m(3) h(-1). Valorization of lignin and lignans as parts of the formulas of high added value products could allow thermomechanical plants to head towards biorefinery and cleaner production concepts. Furthemore, the 300 Da permeate possessed the required characteristics to be re used and save fresh water utilization.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02474260/}, author = {M. VILLAIN-GAMBIER and M. COURBALAY and A. KLEM and S. DUMARCAY and D. TREBOUET} } @article {1883, title = { Some flow patterns within ventilation strategy coupled to energy efficiency }, journal = { EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS }, volume = {88}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Energy and buildings are increasingly becoming subjects for investigations, especially for the indoor air quality domain coupled to energy demand. The physics of fluids flowing inside enclosures bring basic models to understand and build better schemes. This paper is devoted to studying ventilation strategies in regards to Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and energy efficiency in floor refreshing houses. A room model is considered in a simplified level, as a cavity heated on the external sidewall and cooled on the bottom ground surface. The external air injector is at variable positions and interacting with the needed cooling power; the air quality (mixing ability) and thermal comfort are also studied. The cooling efficiency inside the considered volume and the average air temperature are analyzed for a given temperature difference characterizing the natural convection level (Rayleigh number, Ra = 10(6)) and a horizontal ventilation (moderate Reynolds number Re = 10(2)). An obtained complex flow structure indicates that the natural convection and the forced flow (ventilation) act directly on the resulting patterns, mixing ability, heat exchange which in a straight line affect the thermal comfort and in fine the energy cost (cooling requirement).

}, author = {S. MORSLI and R. BENNACER and M. EL-GANAOUI and H. RAMENAH and A. CARMASOL} } @article {1877, title = { Steam Explosion of Beech Wood: Effect of the Particle Size on the Xylans Recovery }, journal = { WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION }, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, pages = {625-633}, abstract = {

In this work, the effect of particle size and severity factors was investigated to find the optimum condition of steam explosion pretreatment on xylan recovery of beech wood. The beech wood particles with sizes of 0.16, 1, or 2 mm were steamed at 150-210 degrees C for 2.5-15 min before an explosive decompression. The results showed that the maximum xylan recovery was about 10\% w/w wood with low concentrations of the inhibitors, which were obtained when the particle size is 1 mm and R-0=3.65 (190 degrees C, 10 min). The smallest particle size may result in overcooking of biomass, leads to easily and high degradation of hemicelluloses sugars, whereas the largest particle sizes may result in incomplete autohydrolysis in biomass and lower extractability of hemicelluloses sugars. The obtained optimum condition for xylan recovery will improve the subsequent utilization (such as in food industry and other chemical products), prior to subsequent transformation of steam explosion pretreated wood (bioethanol and pellet).

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02125966}, author = {E. SIMANGUNSONG and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and L. CHRUSCIEL and P. GIRODS and N.J. WISTARA and N. BROSSE} } @article {1844, title = { Toward the cottonization of hemp fibers by steam explosion. Flame-retardant fibers }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {151}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

The goal is to produce cottonized hemp fibers with improved thermal stability. It was first found that the fine hemp fibers produced from technical non-retted hemp fibers by steam explosion exhibited an enhanced thermal stability. An efficient and low-cost process was developed using a mixture of urea/etidronic acid in aqueous solution in order to achieve a high phosphorus content and produce flame retardant fibers by chemical grafting. ICP, P-31 and C-13 NMR, SEM, thermogravimetric, Pyrolysis-Combustion Flow Calorimetry analyses and a flame test were used to characterize the grafted fibers. Fibers modified with relatively high P and N contents have been produced (approximate to 6 wt \% and approximate to 4 wt \% respectively) but lower grafting rates (P approximate to 0.5 \% and N approximate to 0.35 \%) are sufficient to produce non-flammable fibers. A synergistic effect between N and P has been proposed to induce the formation of a stable char.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02676818}, author = {M. MOUSSA and R. EL-HAGE and R. SONNIER and L. CHRUSCIEL and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE} } @article {1828, title = { Catalytic effects of potassium on biomass pyrolysis, combustion and torrefaction }, journal = { APPLIED ENERGY }, volume = {235}, year = {2019}, pages = {346-355}, abstract = {

Potassium is a natural catalyst in biomass thermochemical conversion and plays an essential role in plant\&$\#$39;s growth. To figure out the catalytic effects of potassium on the thermochemical behaviors of biomass, the pyrolysis, combustion, and torrefaction characteristics of rubber wood are comprehensively studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer where the biomass is impregnated by potassium carbonate (K2CO3) at different concentrations. The impregnated potassium is clearly exhibited in the spectra of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, while X-ray diffraction indicate that the cellulose crystallinity decreases with increasing the potassium concentration which increases the biomass reactivity in pyrolysis. The ignition temperature of the potassium-impregnated biomass is lowered slightly when compared with the raw biomass; alternatively, its burnout temperature is reduced profoundly, suggesting that the addition of potassium into the biomass can substantially intensify its oxidative reactivity. Considering the treated biomass torrefaction, its cellulose decomposition at 250 degrees C is intensified, rendering a reduction in the solid yield with increasing potassium concentration. With the same mass loss at 200-300 degrees C, at least 28\% of torrefaction time can be saved for the potassium-impregnated biomass. Accordingly, the catalytic effect of potassium on biomass thermochemical conversion is clearly outlined. Moreover, the produced potassium-rich biochar is conducive to the developments of carbon storage, soil amendment, and negative emissions technologies.

}, author = {M. SAFAR and B.J. LIN and W.H. CHEN and D. LANGAUER and J.S. CHANG and H. RACLAVSKA and A. PETRISSANS and P. ROUSSET and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1800, title = { Comparison of different treatments based on glycerol or polyglycerol additives to improve properties of thermally modified wood }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {77}, year = {2019}, pages = {799-810}, abstract = {

Impregnation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) with 10\% w/w aqueous solution of different additives made from the reaction of glycerol or polyglycerol with glycidyl methacrylate or maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification at 150, 200 or 220 degrees C under inert conditions was investigated to evaluate potential synergies between chemical and thermal treatments. Treated and untreated wood were analysed to evaluate mass changes and bulking values after treatments, resistance of treatment to leaching, wettability, anti-swelling efficiency, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), decay resistance against Coriolus versicolor and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes. Results revealed that synergic effects between a combination of light chemical modification and thermal treatments can be observed at higher temperature treatments (200 and 220 degrees C), improving wood dimensional stability (approximately 80\%), decay, and termite resistance properties. However, MOE and MOR values decreased by approximately 30\% and 60\%, respectively. Treated samples resulting from the combination of chemical and thermal treatment performed at 220 degrees C present improved durability against the termites R. flavipes.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02352486}, author = {M. MUBAROK and S. DUMARCAY and H. MILITZ and K. CANDELIER and M.F. THEVENON and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1807, title = { Convective drying of onion: modeling of drying kinetics parameters }, journal = { JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE }, volume = {56}, year = {2019}, pages = {3347-3354}, abstract = {

Drying is a simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes. Drying kinetics is determined by both internal properties and external drying conditions. In this study, two important drying kinetics parameters of onions i.e. effective water diffusivity and relative activation energy of reaction engineering approach (REA) are determined. The generated parameters are used to model thin layer drying of onion at different temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70 degrees C) and relative humidity of 20\%. The effective water diffusivity is in the range of 2.8x10(-10)m(2)s(-1) and 8.1x10(-10)m(2)s(-1). Unlike the diffusivity, the relative activation energy of the REA is independent on drying conditions and thus the latter approach requires less effort in generating the transport properties. The transport parameters can be applied for assisting in designing dryer units and evaluating the performance of existing dryer units.

}, author = {A. COMPAORE and A. PUTRANTO and A.O. DISSA and S. OUOBA and R. REMOND and Y. ROGAUME and A. ZOULALIAN and A. BERE and J. KOULIDIATI} } @article {1783, title = { Effect of polymeric diisocyanate addition on bonding performance of a demethylated-pyrolysis-oil-based adhesive }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, pages = {1311-1337}, abstract = {

After demethylation, eucalyptus pyrolysis oil has higher reactivity with formaldehyde in alkaline media than the raw oil. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of adding polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) on a demethylated oil-based adhesive. Chemical composition of pyrolysis oil was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Before and after demethylation, the eucalyptus pyrolysis oil was analyzed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C-13 NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Demethylated oil-based adhesive was analyzed by MALDI-TOF. Plywood panels were produced with adhesives supplemented with 0, 4, 8, 16 and 20\% PMDI and an extra treatment applying a reference phenolic adhesive. The experiment encompassed six treatments with four replicates, totaling 24 panels. As demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, the demethylation reaction was effective in removing methyl groups from the methoxyls of syringol and derivatives, turning them, respectively, into pyrogallol and its derivatives. PMDI was effective as a cross-linking agent, enhancing the mechanical performance of the original demethylated-pyrolysis-oil adhesive. In dry condition and after boiling test, plywood manufactured with formulations adding 16 and 20\% PMDI had shear strengths statistically equal to panels bonded with the reference phenolic adhesive.

}, author = {A.S. PIMENTA and R. TRIANOSKI and A. PIZZI and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and E.C. DE-SOUZA and T.V.D. MONTEIRO and M. FASCIOTTI and R.V.O. CASTRO} } @article {1836, title = { EFFECTS OF HEAT-TREATMENT ON BONDING PERFORMANCE OF BETULA ALNOIDES }, journal = { WOOD RESEARCH }, volume = {64}, year = {2019}, pages = {1045-1054}, abstract = {

Heat-treatment woods of Betula alnoides were prepared by using vapor as the heat-conducting medium. Effects of heat-treatment time and heat-treatment temperature on equilibrium moisture content, density, pH value, contact angle and bonding performance of Benda alnoides were discussed in this paper. The results indicated that: (1) With the increase of heat-treatment temperature, the equilibrium moisture content, density and pH value of Betula alnoides decreased gradually. (2) With the increase of heat-treatment temperature, the contact angle of Betula alnoides increased from 70.08 degrees to about 100 degrees, resulting in the reduction of bonding strength gradually. Bonding strength of Betula alnoides after heat-treatment was related with the used adhesive. Bonding strength of different adhesives decreased to different extents. The bonding strength of Betula alnoides wood with polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) resin was generally higher than that of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin. The former were 6.35-4.56 MPa, and the latter were 5.60-3.00 MPa. (3) Heat-treatment time influenced equilibrium moisture content, density, contact angle, pH value and bonding strength of Betula alnoides less than heat-treatment temperature. (4) Heat-treatment could affect strength and surface performance of Betula alnoides greatly and the processing medium should be extended.

}, author = {Z.G. WU and S.C. CHEN and M.F. TIAN and L.F. LI and L.P. YU and X.D. XI and J.K. LIANG and B.G. ZHANG and H. LEI and J. ZHANG and T.A. CHEN} } @article {1779, title = {Green extraction process of tannins obtained from Moroccan Acacia mollissima barks by microwave: Modeling and optimization of the process using the response surface methodology RSM}, journal = { ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY }, volume = {12}, year = {2019}, pages = {2668-2684}, abstract = {

The effect of extraction conditions on polyphenols contents and condensed tannins by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was studied for the first time to our knowledge. Moroccan barks of Acacia mollissima was used to extract phenolic compounds. The variables studied are the following: power extraction, time extraction and solvent nature. Five powers extraction were tested: 150 W, 250 W, 300 W, 450 W and 600 W. A significant effect of power extraction on the extractable nature was proved by ANOVA and Student test. The yields were also affected by time extraction. Different solvent (water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate) were tested to evaluate the best extraction solvent according to the extractable nature. Highest polyphenols contents were obtained with methanol. The proportion of this solvent, time extraction and power extraction were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered composite design (FCCD) was applied to evaluate the effects of these variables on the polyphenols and condensed tannins contents. For each experiment, the extraction yield, the total polyphenolic contents and the condensed tannins contents were quantified using colorimetric essays. The extracts were characterized by their reactivity to formaldehyde and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest polyphenols content was obtained at 156 W using 80\% of methanol during 5 min. For condensed tannins, the highest content of cyanidin was obtained at 182 W using 20\% of methanol during 3.66 min. RSM applied in MAE, permitted to develop green extraction process of polyphenols and tannins extracted, using lower microwave power and methanol proportion with a shortest time extraction and in the same time improve the quantity of extractables obtained from renewable natural resource.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01597950}, author = {N. RHAZI and H. HANNACHE and M. OUMAM and A. SESBOU and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1791, title = { High voltage electric discharges treatment for high molecular weight hemicelluloses extraction from spruce }, journal = { CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS }, volume = {222}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The aim of this work is to extract hemicelluloses polymers from spruce sawdust using High Voltage Electrical Discharges (HVED) pretreatment. HVED pretreatment was carried out in order to improve deconstruction of the wood matrix and to allow easier release of high molecular mass hemicelluloses. The results revealed the advantage of HVED activation step in the process of extraction. The yield of hemicellulose extraction increased with HVED treatment time. In fact, after 4 ms of HVED treatment time in 1M NaOH solution, the yield obtained was higher as compared to the untreated sample (19 mg/g of dry matter and 15.8 mg/g of dry matter respectively). The molecular weights of extracted hemicelluloses are very high (55 kDa and 47 kDa for 4 ms of HVED-treatment in 1M NaOH solution and water respectively). The use of different mediums of extraction with HVED pretreatment have revealed a selective solubilization of spruce hemicelluloses.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02290577}, author = {M. CHADNI and N. GRIMI and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE and O. BALS} } @article {1841, title = { Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Couple Electrochemistry }, journal = {NANOMATERIALS}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Three different types of lignin (kraft, organosolv and phosphoric acid lignin) were characterized and tested as precursors of electrospun nanofibers. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was added as a plasticizer and dimethyl formamide (DMF) employed as a solvent. It was found that the molecular weight of lignin was the key parameter to understand the differences of the mechanical stability of the resultant fiber mats. In the case of kraft lignin (KL), the influence of some changes in the synthetic process was also tested: applied voltage, pretreatment in air or not, and the addition of a small amount of Ketjen black. After pyrolysis in nitrogen flow, the obtained carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were characterized by different techniques to analyze their differences in morphology and surface chemistry. Vanadium electrochemistry in 3M sulfuric acid was used to evaluate the different CNFs. All fibers allowed electrochemical reactions, but we observed that the oxidation of V(II) to V(III) was very sensitive to the nature of the raw material. Materials prepared from kraft and phosphorus lignin showed the best performances. Nevertheless, when 1 wt.\% of Ketjen black was added to KL during the electrospinning, the electrochemical performance of the sample was significantly improved and all targeted reactions for an all-vanadium redox flow battery were observed. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrated that CNFs obtained by the electrospinning of lignin can be employed as electrodes for vanadium electrochemistry, and their properties can be tuned to improve their electrochemical properties.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02125947}, author = {J.F. VIVO-VILCHES and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and N. BROSSE and A. DUFOUR and M. ETIENNE} } @article {1818, title = { Modeling and prediction of devolatilization and elemental composition of wood during mild pyrolysis in a pilot-scale reactor }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {131}, year = {2019}, pages = {357-370}, abstract = {

Mild pyrolysis, operated at 200-300 degrees C in an inert atmosphere, is a promising technology to produce sustainable materials (i.e., heat treated woods for construction and building) and solid fuels (i.e., torrefied woods or biochars for combustion and gasification). To aid in process and reactor design, the aim of this work is to conduct thermal degradation kinetics of wood. A two-step kinetics model is developed to predict the elemental composition (C, H, and 0) and devolatilization dynamics of wood materials during heat treatment in a pilot-scale reactor by kinetic analysis. A hardwood poplar (Populus nigra) and a softwood fir (Abies pectinata) sever as feedstock, and the experiments are carried out at 200-230 degrees C with a heating rate of 0.2 degrees C min(-1) in a low-pressure environment (200 hPa). The predictions in the weight losses of the woods are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The evolutions of solids, volatiles, elements (C, H, and O), and the heating values of treated woods are further analyzed. The predictions suggest that the intermediate solid is the main product, and almost all the woods are converted when the treatment temperature is as high as 230 degrees C. The devolatilization process, which is responsible for the mass loss of wood, can be clearly identified, and the volatile liberation amounts from poplar and fir at 230 degrees C are 17.05 and 12.44 wt\%, respectively. The predicted HHVs of treated woods from the empirical formula are between 19.62 and 20.55 MJ kg and the enhancement factors at the end of treatment are between 1.01 and 1.07 which is close to torrefied wood after light torrefaction. During the treatment, the extents of decarbonization, dehydrogenation, and deoxygenation in fir are all smaller than those in poplar, resulting from the lower intensity of devolatilization in the former.

}, author = {B.J. LIN and E.A. SILVEIRA and B. COLIN and W.H. CHEN and Y.Y. LIN and F. LECONTE and A. PETRISSANS and P. ROUSSET and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1776, title = { Modelling the hygrothermal behaviour of cement-bonded wood composite panels as permanent formwork }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {142}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This paper reports on the hygrothermal behaviour of a new bio-based composite building material, based on recycled wood fibres used as eco-aggregate within a cementitious matrix. A coupled heat and moisture transfer was established through the material and resolved numerically with a model developed herein. Relative humidity and temperature were chosen as driving potentials. The hygric and thermal properties of the material were analysed and then used as input parameters in the model. The accuracy of the latter was verified by comparing the simulation results with experimental hygrothermal tests, from which the moisture buffering value (MBV) could be determined. The MBV showed that the wood-cement composite material might contribute to improve the indoor thermal comfort and be relevant for low-energy building design.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02357702}, author = {M. LI and V. NICOLAS and M. KHELIFA and M. EL-GANAOUI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1790, title = { Non-biocide antifungal and anti-termite wood preservation treatments based on combinations of thermal modification with different chemical additives }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {77}, year = {2019}, pages = {1125-1136}, abstract = {

The synergic effect between a mild chemical and thermal modification of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) has been studied. A low concentration of additives based on vinylic-polyglycerol, vinylic-glycerol, and maleic anhydride was impregnated into beech wood, followed by curing under different temperature conditions at 103, 150, 200, and 220 degrees C. The modified wood was then analyzed for its leaching resistance, dimensional stability, wettability, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending, decay resistance against Trametes versicolor, and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes. Results have disclosed a synergic effect of thermo-chemical wood modification under 200 and 220 degrees C curing conditions. At these curing temperatures, thermo-chemically modified beech presents improved dimensional stability (\> 60\%) and better resistance against both Trametes versicolor and Reticulitermes flavipes compared to the control. However, at the same conditions, MOE and MOR values were lowered by approximately 25\% and 60\%, respectively.

}, author = {M. MUBAROK and S. DUMARCAY and H. MILITZ and K. CANDELIER and M.F. THEVENON and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1785, title = { Preparation and Evaluation of Glucose Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Self-Blowing Rigid Foams }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

A partially biobased self-blowing and self-hardening polyurethane foam from glucose-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (g-NIPU) was prepared by reaction of glucose with dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine. However, these foam types generally require a high foaming temperature. In this paper, a self-blowing foam based on g-NIPU was prepared at room temperature by using maleic acid as an initiator and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Water absorption, compression resistance, and fire resistance were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the foam cells structure. Middle infrared (ATR FT-MIR) and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry were used to help to analyze the reactions during the foaming process. The results obtained showed that self- blowing rigid foams have good compression, this being directly proportional to the foam density. Increasing the amount of glutaraldehyde or reducing maleic acid thickens the cell walls and increases the density of the foams. MALDI-TOF analysis showed that g-NIPU reacts with both maleic acid and glutaraldehyde. The foams presented poor fire resistance indicating that, as for isocyanate based polyurethane foams, addition of a fire retardant would be necessary.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and C. GERARDIN and H. LEI and X.Y. CHEN and S. AMIROU} } @article {1777, title = { Soy protein isolate-based polyamides as wood adhesives }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {54}, year = {2019}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {

Soy protein isolate was reacted first with maleic anhydride and then hexamethylenediamine to synthesis soy protein isolate-based polyamides (SPIPA). Its bonding properties were measured by preparing laboratory three-layer plywood. Furthermore, a silane coupling agent (KH560), citric acid and maleic anhydride were added as cross-linkers to the SPIPA glue mix before hot pressing the panels. ATR FT-MIR and MALDI-ToF were used to determine the structures of the SPIPA, and thermomechanical analysis was used to analyze its thermomechanical properties. The results show that maleic anhydride reacts with amino acids in the soy protein molecule and then reacts with hexamethylenediamine to form carbamate-structured polyamides. This is confirmed by the ATR FT-MIR and MALDI-ToF results. Moreover, structural analysis indicates that a large number of branched structures are formed and occur in the SPIPA, rendering possible the formation of a network during curing, ensuring the bonding performance of the adhesive. The SPIPA adhesive presented good bonding strength and water resistance above the standard requirements of China National Standard GB/T 9846-2015. In particular, when maleic anhydride was added as a cross-linking agent, namely the SPIPA-MA adhesive, the panels\&$\#$39; dry and wet shear strengths were improved so that it can be considered as a suitable soy protein-based wood adhesive.

}, author = {X.D. XI and A. PIZZI and C. GERARDIN and X.Y. CHEN and S. AMIROU} } @article {1796, title = { Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Fiber from Waste Bamboo Processing Residues for Oil/water Selective Separation }, journal = { JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {40}, year = {2019}, pages = {58-72}, abstract = {

Biomass materials have attracted increasing attention as oil absorbents for oil/water separation duo to their renewability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, many separation materials preparations are either rather time consuming or have suffered from the need of harsh conditions. In the present study, bamboo fiber was successfully modified to acquire simultaneously super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic properties by just two steps: delignification and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The morphology and properties of MTMS-bamboo fiber were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and the oil/water contact angles. Moreover, the durability, recyclability and the practical application of selective separation were studied. The analysis results disclosed that the special surface wetting properties of MTMS-bamboo fiber resulted from the silanization of the bamboo fiber surface, notably, from its water contact angle being 153 degrees and oil contact angle 0 degrees. The fiber so prepared exhibited excellent durability in several kinds of chemical solutions. The absorbed oil can be recovered by simple mechanical squeezing and the bamboo fiber maintained a high oil absorption capacity after multiple squeezing-absorption cycles. The modified fiber acted as an absorbent for hot water oil/water separation and demonstrated also a high oil separation capacity. The continuous separation efficiency of the MTMS-bamboo fiber was investigated.

}, author = {X.Y. CHEN and G.B. DU and A. PIZZI and X. XI} } @article {1815, title = { SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGNIN-BASED ADHESIVE CROSS-LINKED WITH FURFURYL ALCOHOL-FORMALDEHYDE AND EPOXY RESINS }, journal = { CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, pages = {449-458}, abstract = {

Lignin extracted from corn stalk was cross-linked with furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde (FF) resin in the laboratory to prepare a bio-based adhesive, with good water resistance, for producing particleboard. The results of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that furfuryl alcohol reacted with formaldehyde under acidic conditions. The -CH-(OH)- groups were involved in the cross-linking of the lignin-furfuryl-formaldehyde (LFF) adhesive. The internal bond strength of the LFF-bonded particleboard showed that the cured LFF was improved and had higher performance compared to the lignin-furfuryl alcohol (LF) adhesive. The LFF with 9\% epoxy resin adhesive had an excellent modulus of elasticity, which was higher than those of PF and LF adhesives.

}, author = {J. ZHANG and X.D. XI and X.J. ZHOU and J.K. LIANG and G.B. DU and J. CAI} } @article {1747, title = { Chemical composition of African mahogany (K. ivorensis A. Chev) extractive and tannin structures of the bark by MALDI-TOF }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {113}, year = {2018}, pages = {167-178}, abstract = {

The total phenolic and the condensed tannins content of the bark, the sapwood and the heartwood of Khaya ivorensis (K. ivorensis) from the natural forest of Gabon was investigated by Folin-Ciocalteu, vanillic assay and acid/butanol methods All these methods showed that the bark, the sapwood and the heartwood of K. ivorensis did not display a significant difference (p \> 0.05) regarding their phenolic content and their condensed tannins content as well. The acetone/water extracted tannins from the bark were characterized by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and by Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR). The presence of fisetinidin, gallocatechin, and trihydroxyflavan monomers was observed for the first time. Flavonoid oligomers linked to sugars were found within K. ivorensis condensed tannins. An heptamer formed by mixed fisetinidin, trihydroxyflavan, three dihydroxyflavans, and a carbohydrate dimer including mannose was also identified for the first time in the bark of K. ivorensis. That mahogany hardwood species did not exhibit any antifungal activity against the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. However, bark powder decreased the radial fungus growth.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01710611}, author = {A.B.B. ATHOMO and S.P.E. ANRIS and R. SAFOU-TCHIAMA and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and T. CABARET and A. PIZZI and B. CHARRIER} } @article {1746, title = { Comparison of teak wood properties according to forest management: short versus long rotation }, journal = { ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE }, volume = {75}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Key message Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is one of the most important tropical hardwood tree species, which is widely planted in Indonesia. Wood properties are strongly influenced by forest management conditioning further utilization of wood.

Context In Indonesia, teak wood has been supplied from the state forests (Perhutani) for long rotation teak and from community teak plantations for short rotation teak. Short rotation teak has been harvested at 7-10 years and long rotation teak at 40-60 years.

Aims This paper discusses the characterization of technical properties of short and long rotation teak wood based on the chemical, anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties.

Methods The properties of short rotation and long rotation teak woods were characterized by measuring their density, extractive contents, chemical composition, swelling, wettability, water sorption isotherm, decay resistance, anatomical properties, bending strength (modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE)), and hardness.

Results The results indicate that short rotation teak was not particularly different in swelling, MOE and MOR, and Brinell hardness compared to long rotation teak, although it was less dense and less durable due to lower heartwood and extractive contents. Therefore, careful attention should be given to the use of short rotation teak in some wood-processing technologies.

Conclusion Lower wood density and durability of the short rotation compared to the long rotation teak will restrict its utilization to some extent for both indoor and outdoor applications. Fast-growing teak from community cannot be used as usual heartwood teak from Perhutani because of the very low proportion of useful heartwood in the stem.

}, author = {D.E. RIZANTI and W. DARMAWAN and B. GEORGE and A. MERLIN and S. DUMARCAY and H. CHAPUIS and C. GERARDIN and E. GELHAYE and P. RAHARIVELOMANANA and R.K. SARI and W. SYAFII and R. MOHAMED and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1744, title = { Confinement device to assess dynamic crushability of wood material }, journal = { PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE }, volume = {232}, year = {2018}, pages = {1418-1432}, abstract = {

Cellular materials such as wood are widely and advantageously used as shock absorbers in various transport applications. The design and manufacturing of structures made of these materials require the knowledge of their dynamic compressive properties at various strain rates and stress states. Therefore, it is challenging to conduct dynamic multiaxial stress state experiments and especially on split-Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus where stress hardening increases as a function of velocity. This paper presents the so-called verification and validation methodology for confining solutions dedicated to impact on viscoelastic split-Hopkinson pressure bar system with large diameter bars. The method is a hybrid approach combining finite element analysis and an original experimental validation. Based on finite element results, particular attention is given to the mass, the material and the geometry to minimize the confining device influence on the propagation of elastic waves and thus on the material response of the tested specimens. It is essential to avoid spurious reflected waves at the new interfaces of the system in order to ensure the validity of the experimentation. The numerically predicted solutions are experimentally validated and preliminary results in the context of dynamic loadings using wood material are presented.

}, author = {J. WOUTS and G. HAUGOU and M. OUDJENE and H. NACEUR and D. COUTELLIER} } @article {1770, title = { Coupling of an acoustic emissions system to a laboratory torrefaction reactor }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS }, volume = {129}, year = {2018}, pages = {29-36}, abstract = {

This article describes the use and characterization of an acoustic system coupled to a torrefaction reactor. The reactor, including phase shift and frequency, was characterized by applying both Lissajous/Hilbert and cross spectrum techniques. Optimum acoustic frequencies were identified and an exploratory torrefaction test combining frequencies and temperatures was performed. The results from dynamic solid yields, conversion rates and temperature profiles showed that acoustic fields may improve torrefaction treatment.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02397702}, author = {E.A. SILVEIRA and M.V.G. DE-MORAIS and P. ROUSSET and A. CALDEIRA-PIRES and A. PETRISSANS and L.G.O. GALVAO} } @article {1729, title = { Destructive vs. non-destructive methods for the mechanical characterisation of tannin-based thermoset foams }, journal = { POLYMER TESTING }, volume = {69}, year = {2018}, pages = {332-339}, abstract = {

The mechanical properties of a broad range of thermoset foams based on tannin were investigated through destructive compression tests, either with or without rigid plates glued to the opposite faces of the samples, and through a rather new, non-destructive, quasi-static method. The main objective was to compare both techniques, as well as the effect of the presence of plates, and to discuss the relevance of each for properly characterising the materials. Gluing stiff plates to the samples was found to be a key point for the appropriate determination of the elastic modulus of brittle foams, whereas it did not affect that of elastic-plastic foams. In contrast, the compressive strength did not depend on the kind of test. The results obtained by destructive compression were then compared to those of the new non-destructive technique, proving that the latter was suitable for characterising elastic-plastic foams but not brittle foams. However, the new method allowed determining Poisson ratio and loss factor, which had never been measured so far for this kind of materials.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1713, title = { Heat treatment kinetics using three-stage approach for sustainable wood material production }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {124}, year = {2018}, pages = {563-571}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical tool to predict the mass loss of a wood board during heat treatment as a marker of the process advancement. Mass loss dynamics during the wood heat treatment is experimentally obtained using a specially conceived equipment. The investigation method is applied on large scale wood samples whose radial and transvers dimensions are close to the boards used in industry. A two-step reaction mechanism is adopted to describe the behavior of wood thermodegradation. Model parameters are obtained by fitting the experimental data according to a new approach developed in this study for their optimal determination. The originality of the implemented modelling strategy is the establishment of a three-stage approach based on the analysis of wood thermal sensitivity depending on the treatment temperature range. Model equations are solved numerically by the commercial package Matlab\&$\#$39; software. A good agreement is achieved between the numerical predictions and the experimental data. The developed model and established kinetics can be used for heat treatment process and reactor design in industry to produce wood materials for their applications.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01962864}, author = {E.A. SILVEIRA and B.J. LIN and B. COLIN and M. CHAOUCH and A. PETRISSANS and P. ROUSSET and W.H. CHEN and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1711, title = { Hygroscopic transformation of woody biomass torrefaction for carbon storage }, journal = { APPLIED ENERGY }, volume = {231}, year = {2018}, pages = {768-776}, abstract = {

Biochar is a potential medium for carbon storage, so its production and storage have been considered as is a crucial route to effectively achieve negative CO2 emissions. Meanwhile, torrefaction is a thermochemical conversion process for producing biochar. Biochar is featured by its hydrophobicity, which makes it different from its parent biomass with hygroscopicity and is conducive to material storage. To evaluate the hygroscopic transformation of biomass from torrefaction, two woody biomass materials of poplar (hardwood) and fir (softwood) are torrefied at temperatures of 200-230 degrees C, and the variations of color, equilibrium moisture content, and contact angle of raw and torrefied samples are examined. The results indicate that the total color difference of torrefied woods increases linearly with increasing mass loss. The hygroscopicity reduction extent in torrefied fir is higher than in torrefied poplar, and can be increased by up to 57.39\% at 230 degrees C. The tests of the contact angle suggest that the hygroscopicity of the raw woods is evidently exhibited, whereas the angles of the torrefied woods are in the range of 94-113, showing their hydrophobic surfaces (\> 90 degrees). The decarbonization, dehydrogenation, and deoxygenation phenomena of the biomass during torrefaction are also analyzed. It is found that the three indexes can be correlated well by the total color difference and hygroscopicity reduction extent. A comprehensive study on the improvement of hydrophobicity of produced biochar has been performed, which clearly shows the potential of carbon storage and negative CO2 emissions by biochar.

}, author = {W.H. CHEN and B.J. LIN and B. COLIN and J.S. CHANG and A. PETRISSANS and X.T. BI and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1731, title = { Impact of the formulation of biosourced phenolic foams on their fire properties }, journal = { POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY }, volume = {153}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {

The fire retardance properties of rigid, biosourced phenolic foams derived from tannins, which are novel, environment-friendly thermal insulators, are essential before the latter can be applied to the building sector. In this work, tannin-based foams prepared from new formulations and using different foaming methods were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC). It was found that the flammability strongly depends on the formulation, so that tannin foams perform very differently depending on the presence of surfactant and plasticiser and, more importantly, on their initial water content. Moreover, a good correlation was observed between TGA and PCFC results. Nevertheless, due to their highly resistant phenolic, crosslinked, polymer network, all materials released a quite low amount of hydrocarbon fuel during thermal decomposition, leading to low heat release rates and high ignition times, and thus providing very good fire retardance properties. Based on the above, the foam presenting the highest fire retardance was identified, confirming our conclusions about the role of the ingredients in the formulation.

}, url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02621928}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and J. SARAZIN and F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and S. BOURBIGOT and A. CELZARD} } @article {1773, title = { Influence of potassium carbonate addition on the condensable species released during wood torrefaction }, journal = { FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {169}, year = {2018}, pages = {248-257}, abstract = {

In order to investigate the effect of potassium addition on the composition of torrefaction condensates, two demineralized wood species were impregnated with different concentrations of K2CO3 and then torrefied at 275 degrees C up to an anhydrous weight loss (AWL) of 25\%. Torrefaction was carried out in both a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument and a laboratory fixed-bed reactor. Condensates from the fixed bed reactor were collected and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). TGA of raw and K2CO3-impregnated biopolymers (cellulose, xylan and lignin) were performed to facilitate interpretation of the results. TGA showed that when potassium content increased in the biomass, shorter torrefaction times were sufficient to obtain the targeted AWL. GC-MS showed, for both wood species, that potassium promotes the formation of acetol and slightly enhances acetic acid yield. The amount of some lignin derivatives (guaiacol, syringol, 4-vinylguaiacol) also rose with potassium addition. Yields of levoglucosan, LAC (1-hydroxy-(1R)-3,6-dioxabicyclo [3.2.1]octan-2-one) and DGP (1,4:3,6-dianhydro-alpha-D-glucopyranose), as well as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, decreased drastically in the presence of potassium. In conclusion, small additions of potassium carbonate deeply affected thermal degradation of wood species and the speciation of torrefaction condensates.

}, author = {L.A. DE-MACEDO and J.M. COMMANDRE and P. ROUSSET and J. VALETTE and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1749, title = { Mechanically blown wall-projected tannin-based foams }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {113}, year = {2018}, pages = {316-323}, abstract = {

Condensed flavonoid tannin-based foams from quebracho tannin extract have been developed using a new method of expansion based on fire-fighting or tunneling foams, where a foam concentrate forms a stable liquid foam. This new mechanical method of expansion allows obtaining a solid porous material after curing and hardening at room temperature, through a liquid foam formed by a tannin resin and an aqueous solution of surfactant. The stability of the as-obtained liquid foam and the influence of the amount of catalyst are reported. The use of this new approach for preparing tannin-based rigid foams avoids the problem of shrinkage presented by many other formulations where physical or chemical foaming is employed. Non-ionic surfactants have also been used in the formulation to obtain smaller cells and improve the structure of the new material. Bulk density (0.069-0.080 g/cm(3)), mechanical (compressive strength of 0.034-0.13 MPa) and thermal (0.045-0.047 W m(-1)K(-1)) properties and morphological appearance of the foams have been characterised and reported.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1752, title = { Optimisation of "green" tannin-furanic foams for thermal insulation by experimental design }, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {139}, year = {2018}, pages = {7-15}, abstract = {

In this paper, \"green\" tannin-furanic foams were prepared based on formulations free of formaldehyde and foaming agent, aiming at obtaining the best thermal insulators as possible with the highest mechanical resistance. Both of these properties are antagonistic, since low thermal conductivity requires high porosity whereas high mechanical properties require low porosity. Thus, experimental design was applied for the first time to this kind of formulations. Thanks to a limited number of experiments suggested by a rational mixture design, the experimental responses: thermal conductivity, elastic modulus and compressive strength were modelled and predicted based on the relative proportions of three main ingredients of the formulation. The results revealed that the formulations containing a high proportion of furfuryl alcohol, a moderate proportion of tannin and a low level of catalyst led to the best compromise between properties having opposed trends. Thus, optimised foams presented a thermal conductivity of 0.039 W m(-1) K-1 and compression strength of 0.07 MPa. The reliability of the model used was successfully validated by additional tests. This proved it to be a very useful tool for developing environment-friendly tannin-furanic foams with desired features.

}, url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627106}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and F. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1723, title = { Projectable tannin foams by mechanical and chemical expansion }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {120}, year = {2018}, pages = {90-96}, abstract = {

A new formulation of quebracho tannin-based resin has been used to prepare bio-based rigid foams. The proposed foams were blown by using the simultaneous combination of two expansion methods by mechanical expansion as used for fire-fighting foams and by chemical expansion based on the release of water and other gases during the exothermal self-condensation of furfuryl alcohol. The combination of both methods allowed us to overcome certain limitations found in the preparation of foams exclusively based on mechanical expansion These were the resulting density (16\% lower than that obtained by mechanical expansion) and the mechanical properties (compressive strength improved of about 11\%). Resin chemorheology was characterized under stressed conditions using frequency and time sweeps as well as temperature ramps. The evolution of the linear viscoelastic functions during the reaction clearly showed the transition from viscous to strong gel-like behavior. The foaming and hardening processes were followed by the use of FOAMAT equipment and the resulting foams were characterized in terms of density (0.059-0.063 g/cm(3)), mechanical properties (compressive strength of 0.090-0.144 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.046-0.048 W m(-1) K-1).

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and A. TENORIO-ALFONSO and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and M.C. SANCHEZ and J.M. FRANCO} } @article {1720, title = { Scrap Tires Pyrolysis: Product Yields, Properties and Chemical Compositions of Pyrolytic Oil }, journal = { RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY }, volume = {91}, year = {2018}, pages = {1603-1611}, abstract = {

This investigation involves an experimental study on the pyrolysis of scrap tires under different operating conditions such as feedstock size and pyrolysis temperature by highlighting the properties of the whole liquid products generated during each thermal degradation process. The complete conversion temperature for the pyrolysis of used tires was close to 500550 degrees C. The characteristics of liquid fraction were determined by elemental analysis, chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and distillation data. All the obtained atomic ratios are around 1,4 which is significant that such pyrolytic liquids are a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic compounds derived from polymeric materials. Analysis of the pyrolytic oil (pyro-oil) by chromatographic analysis showed that it was a complex mixture of organic compounds C5C26, aromatics and a large proportion of light hydrocarbons that can be used as liquid fuels. Furthermore, the comparison distillation data indicates that more than 40\% of such pyrolytic oil fraction with the boiling point range between 180360 degrees C is specified for diesel. It is noted that the viscosity decreases obviously from 4.87 to 1.79 with the increase in temperature.

}, author = {S. CHOUAYA and M.A. ABBASSI and R.B. YOUNES and A. ZOULALIAN} } @article {1714, title = { Strain rate effects on the compressive response of wood and energy absorption capabilities - Part B: Experimental investigation under rigid lateral confinement }, journal = { COMPOSITE STRUCTURES }, volume = {204}, year = {2018}, pages = {95-104}, abstract = {

The compressive properties of spruce and beech wood species at a large range of strain rates - from 0.001 to 600 s(-1)- under rigid lateral confinement have been investigated, using an original experimental device especially developed for the purpose. The work is motivated by the need to explore the dynamic behavior of wood up to large strains close to 70\%. Three experimental apparatus have been used to obtain the compressive responses: the quasi-static tests have been performed using a Sintech 20D test system, the compressive responses at intermediate strain rates have been obtained with an Instron VHS65/20 apparatus and the dynamic tests have been conducted using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) system. The strain rate sensitivity of wood is clearly visible on the crushing strength with an increase between 80 and 155\% but also on the plastic like behavior. In addition, the entire responses exhibit an elastic-plastic like behavior whereas an elastic brittle behavior could be observed, in the previous Part A which was focused on the compression configuration without lateral confinement. Even if no significant effect of the rigid lateral confinement is observed on the apparent Young modulus and the crushing strength values for both species, the wood energy absorption capability is better when longitudinal failure mechanisms are restricted thanks to the rigid lateral confinement.

}, author = {J. WOUTS and G. HAUGOU and M. OUDJENE and H. MORVAN and D. COUTELLIER} } @article {1748, title = { Thermal degradation and compositional changes of wood treated in a semi-industrial scale reactor in vacuum }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS }, volume = {130}, year = {2018}, pages = {8-18}, abstract = {

Heat treatment is an eco-friendly and efficient way to improve the defective properties of woods, such as hygroscopic nature, lack of dimensional stability, and low resistance against biological degradation, and to produce a green and sustainable wood material for construction and buildings. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal degradation of a hardwood (poplar, Populus nigra) and a softwood (fir, Abies pectinata) in a semi-industrial scale reactor in which a vacuum environment is adopted to intensify the thermal degradation process. Four different stages of thermal degradation during wood heat treatment are defined, based on the intensity of differential mass loss (DML). Meanwhile, a number of analyses on untreated and treated woods are performed to evaluate their thermal degradation characteristics and compositional change during treatment. The FTIR analysis clearly demonstrates the thermal degradation through dehydration, deacetylation, depolymerization, and condensation reactions during the heat treatment. In addition, the XRD analysis indicates an increase in relative crystallinity of cellulose. The correlation of devolatilization index (DI) with respect to mass loss of the two wood species is strongly characterized by linear distribution, which is able to provide a simple and useful tool in predicting mass loss of wood treated in wood industry.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01816914}, author = {B.J. LIN and B. COLIN and W.H. CHEN and A. PETRISSANS and P. ROUSSET and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1717, title = { Thermal stability of Abies alba wood according to its radial position and forest management }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {76}, year = {2018}, pages = {1669-1676}, abstract = {

Most of the defects affecting heat-treated wood quality are often attributed to heterogeneous heat transfers in industrial kilns. Even if interspecific variability of wood has been reported to affect thermal degradation of the material, little has been reported on the effects of intraspecific variability. The aim of this work was to study the effect of intraspecific variability of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) wood on its thermal degradation. For this purpose, wood samples were sampled along the radius of cross-sections to estimate the effect of radial position on wood thermal degradation. Sampling was carried out on discs of four trees, two resulting from dynamic growth stand and two from standard growth stand. The study was performed at different scales: at wood compartments scale involving juvenile and mature heartwood, transition zone between heartwood and sapwood and sapwood as well as at intra-ring scale. Wood samples were ground to sawdust and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis and chemical analysis. Juvenile heartwood was shown to be more sensitive to thermal degradation than other compartments. The thermal behavior of sapwood was not particularly different from that of heartwood, and the presence of extractives did not influence significantly thermal degradation. Earlywood was more sensitive to thermal degradation than latewood explaining the higher susceptibility of fast growing heartwood containing larger rings with higher contents of earlywood.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01972741}, author = {J. HAMADA and A. PETRISSANS and J. RUELLE and F. MOTHE and F. COLIN and M. PETRISSANS and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1667, title = {Analysis of nocturnal air temperature in districts using mobile measurements and a cooling indicator}, journal = { THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY }, volume = {130}, year = {2017}, pages = {365-376}, abstract = {

The urban heat island phenomenon is generally defined as an air temperature difference between a city center and the non-urbanized rural areas nearby. However, this description does not encompass the intra-urban temperature differences that exist between neighborhoods in a city. This study investigates the air temperature dynamics of neighborhoods for meteorological conditions that lead to important urban heat island amplitude. Local climate zones (LCZs) have been determined in Nancy, France, and mobile screen-height air temperature measurements are performed using an instrumented vehicle. Initially, hourly measurements are performed within four different LCZs. These results show that air temperature within LCZ demonstrates a nocturnal cooling in two phases, i.e., a first phase between 1 to 3 h before sunset and 3 to 5 h after sunset, and a second phase from 3 to 5 h after sunset to sunrise. During phase 1, neighborhoods exhibit different cooling rate values and air temperature gaps develop between districts, while during phase 2, cooling rates tend to be analogous. Then, a larger meteorological data set is used to investigate these two phases for a selection of 13 LCZs. Normalized cooling rates are calculated between daytime measures and nighttime measures in order to quantify the air temperature dynamics of the studied areas during phase 1. Considering this indicator, three groups are emerging:

Results indicate that the relative position of LCZ within the conurbation does not drive air temperature dynamics during phase 1. In addition, measures performed during phase 2 tend to illustrate that cooling rates are similar to all LCZ during this period.

}, url = {https://hal-univ-tlse3.archives-ouvertes.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01916119}, author = {F. LECONTE and J. BOUYER and R. CLAVERIE and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1664, title = { Effect of heat processing on thermal stability and antioxidant activity of six flavonoids }, journal = { JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION }, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

The objective of this paper is on the one hand to study the effect of heat processing (30 to 130 degrees C for 2 h) on the stability and antioxidant activity of six flavonoids (rutin, naringin, eriodictyol, mesquitol, luteolin, and luteolin 7-O glucoside), and on the other hand to establish the relation structure-activity-stability of these compounds. The dependency on temperature of the six kinetics was well described by the Arrhenius law and the main parameters provided by this model are determined and compared in this paper. Activation energies found were 107.3 kJ/mol for rutin, 100.6 for naringin, 33.3 for mesquitol, 68.2 for eriodictyol, 51.4 for luteolin, and 120 for luteolin 7-O-glucoside. The data collected showed that glycosylated flavonoids are more resistant than aglycon flavonoids to heat treatment. Moreover, it was also observed that despite the total degradation of some flavonoids, the treated solutions still have an antioxidant activity.

Practical applicationFlavonoids are mainly consumed in processed foods. Thus, flavonoids often undergo heat processing. Knowing the thermal stability and the evolution of their antioxidant activity are particularly relevant in the field of food processing. The results of this study allow information to be collected on the relationship between heat stability-flavonoid structure and antioxidant activity. This information will be useful for the formulation of new food products or for the design of new food processes.

}, author = {H. CHAABAN and I. IOANNOU and L. CHEBIL and M. SLIMANE and C. GERARDIN and C. PARIS and C. CHARBONNEL and L. CHEKIR and M. GHOUL} } @article {1674, title = { Fire-resistant tannin-ethylene glycol gels working as rubber springs with tuneable elastic properties }, journal = { JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {14720-14732}, abstract = {

Fire-resistant elastic materials made from tannin, a natural polyphenol extracted from tree barks, and having the appearance and the consistence of rubber are described. They can be produced in any dimension and with any shape based on a quite simple protocol, only consisting in mixing tannin, water and ethylene glycol, in the presence of a low amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid. After curing at 85 degrees C in an oven and subsequent drying, black elastic blocks are recovered whose mechanical properties can be easily adjusted from the proportions of the ingredients, especially with the amount of ethylene glycol acting as plasticiser. As a result, materials from extra-soft to hard can be obtained. Their retardant performance towards fire is demonstrated, a well-known feature of phenolic compounds here observed for the first time with an elastic material. Physicochemical analyses are performed and explain the chemistry behind the performances of these new biosourced materials.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and G. AMARAL-LABAT and L.I. GRISHECHKO and A. SANCHEZ-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1666, title = { Knot extractives: a model for analysing the eco-physiological factors that control the within and between-tree variability }, journal = { TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION }, volume = {31}, year = {2017}, pages = {1619-1633}, abstract = {

Abies alba knot extractive concentration increase from tree tip to living crown base and from tight to loose knot parts. The fitted model is proposed for further eco-physiological studies.

The physiological and ecological mechanisms controlling the knot richness in extractives require further investigations. We aim to design a model of the vertical distribution of the knot extractive concentrations as a prerequisite for further studies on the eco-physiological studies. At a first attempt, we use this model to test the effect of different competition situations. Fifteen Silver fir trees were sampled according to their social status within three thinning treatments. Discs containing knots were sampled according to their position in reference to the lowest living branch of each tree. Extractions were carried out with hexane and acetone successively. Extractive concentrations in both solvents as well as branch diameters were simultaneously modelled through the seemingly unrelated regression method. For all trees, knot extractive concentrations increase from the tree tip to the living crown base. According to the model, trees with the longest crowns, dominant or/and growing in the thinned stands, exhibited the largest knot extractive concentrations. The model depicted a vertical trend that strongly suggested inducing physiological factors such as protection zone, branch heartwood formation combined with compression wood formation. A strategy was proposed for the quantification of the effect of the ecological factors on the extractive concentrations of knots when these factors act either directly or indirectly via physiological factors. The model is thus an efficient tool to quantify the eco-physiological control on knot extractives.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01611443/}, author = {Z. KEBBI-BENKEDER and R. MANSO and P. GERARDIN and S. DUMARCAY and B. CHOPARD and F. COLIN} } @article {1707, title = { MALDI-TOF, C-13 NMR and FTIR analysis of the cross-linking reaction of condensed tannins by triethyl phosphate }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {95}, year = {2017}, pages = {621-631}, abstract = {

Reaction of condensation and cross-linking of catechin monomer as a model of condensed (flavonoid) tannin extracts and of mimosa tannin itself, as well as of resorcinol with triethyl phosphate (TEP) have been investigated. FTIR, solid state CP-MAS C-13 NMR, P-31 NMR and MALDI-ToF spectroscopy studies revealed that reaction occurs mainly on the C3 of the flavonoid heterocycle ring and on the aromatic C4\&$\#$39; and C5\&$\#$39; carbons of the flavonoids B-ring, while TEP does not appear to react on the A-ring. A difference in the relative proportions of these two reaction sites for tannin and catechin has been noticed. The reactions appear to be dependent on the temperature. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, materials obtained from the reaction of tannin with TEP showed high thermal stability.

}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and J.P. MARIS and L. DELMOTTE and B. COLIN and Y. ROGAUME} } @article {1683, title = { Mechanical properties of model vitreous carbon foams }, journal = {CARBON}, volume = {116}, year = {2017}, pages = {562-571}, abstract = {

The present paper deals with the relations between structural and physical properties of model vitreous carbon foams, i.e., presenting different porous structures in terms of bulk density, cell size and connectivity, while having the same composition and the same carbon texture. Herein, their mechanical properties were investigated through a comparative analysis of samples either with or without rigid plates glued to their opposite faces and submitted to quasi-static compression. Both methods led to the same values of compressive strength, which followed the Gibson and Ashby (G\&A) equation for open-cell foams. The compressive modulus of both reticulated foams and cellular foams tested without plates only depended on the density and also followed the relation of G\&A for open-cell foams. For cellular foams with plates, the relation of G\&A for closed-cell foams applied with different values of phi, which is the percentage of solid only contained in the struts. Usually, only two types of foams are considered but it was highlighted here that a third type is of great interest: the semi-open-cell foams, which can be optimised through the values of both relative density and phi.

}, author = {M. LETELLIER and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1673, title = { A Multitechnique Characterization of Lignin Softening and Pyrolysis }, journal = { ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY \& ENGINEERING }, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {6940-6949}, abstract = {

The understanding of lignin softening and pyrolysis is important for developing lignocellulosic biorefinery in order to produce carbon fibers, polymers additives, green aromatics, or biofuels. Protobind lignin (produced by soda pulping of a wheat straw) was characterized by thermogravimetry, calorimetry (for glass transition temperature and heat of pyrolysis reactions), in situ H-1 NMR (for the analysis of the mobility of protons upon lignin thermal conversion), and solution-state C-13 and P-31 NMR (determination of functional groups in lignin). In situ rheology reveals the real-time viscoelastic behavior of lignin as a function of temperature. Upon heating, lignin undergoes softening, through glass transition overlapped with depolymerization, and is followed by the solidification of the softened material by cross-linking reactions. The lignin residues were quenched within the rheometer at the midpoint temperatures of softening and solidification regions and were further analyzed by elemental analysis, GPC-UV of acetylated THE soluble fractions, FTIR, solid C-13 NMR, and laser desorption ionization (LDI) combined with very high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). We present the first report on lignin biochars analysis by LDI-HRMS. NMR and FTIR analyses provide the evolution of functional moieties in lignin residues. C-13 NMR, GPC-UV, and LDI FTICRMS analyses depict the depolymerization mechanism combined with cross-linking and demethoxylation reactions. An overall physical and chemical mechanism for the thermal conversion of alkali lignin is proposed based on these complementary analyses.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01575541}, author = {B. SHRESTHA and Y. LE-BRECH and T. GHISLAIN and S. LECLERC and V. CARRE and F. AUBRIET and S. HOPPE and P. MARCHAL and S. PONTVIANNE and N. BROSSE and A. DUFOUR} } @article {1698, title = { A numerical study of indoor air quality in a ventilated room using different strategies of ventilation }, journal = { MECHANICS \& INDUSTRY }, volume = {18}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

This study aimed to numerically investigate the air flow and contaminant dispersion in a ventilated room. The URANS equations supplemented with energy and concentration equations are solved using the scStream code. We are targeting primarily the ventilation effectiveness (epsilon(c)) and the index of indoor air quality (I-IAQ). Different displacement and mixing ventilation modes are investigated in isothermal conditions. The ventilation flow rate is 50 m(3). h(-1) Here, our ultimate aim is to suggest an effective ventilation that can ensure a good indoor air quality. The RNG k - epsilon model was adopted to handle the turbulence. CFD simulations were systematically checked, whenever possible, through available results. The simulation results indicate that the ventilation effectiveness to remove a contaminant and the index of indoor air quality are substantially influenced by the ventilation mode and the location of inlet and outlet air. From this study, it appears that the air flow and contaminant dispersion in a ventilated room can be typically predicted or evaluated by computer simulations.

}, author = {L. KOUFI and Z. YOUNSI and Y. CHERIF and H. NAJI and M. EL-GANAOUI} } @article {1690, title = { Polycondensation Resins by Flavonoid Tannins Reaction with Amines }, journal = {POLYMERS}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Reaction of a condensed flavonoid tannin, namely mimosa tannin extract with a hexamethylene diamine, has been investigated. For that purpose, catechin was also used as a flavonoid model compound and treated in similar conditions. Solid-state cross-polarisation/ magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectroscopy studies revealed that polycondensation compounds leading to resins were obtained by the reaction of the amines with the phenolic hydroxy groups of the tannin. Simultaneously, a second reaction leading to the formation of ionic bonds between the two groups occurred. These new reactions have been shown to clearly lead to the reaction of several phenolic hydroxyl groups, and flavonoid unit oligomerisation, to form hardened resins.

}, author = {F.J. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and L. DELMOTTE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1692, title = { Preparation and structural characterisation of model cellular vitreous carbon foams }, journal = {CARBON}, volume = {112}, year = {2017}, pages = {208-218}, abstract = {

The aim the present work was to produce carbon foams with as different as possible porous structures but with similar composition and carbon texture for studying precisely the influence of different structural parameters such as density, cell size or interconnectivity on the physical properties of these foams. Over 60 different cellular carbon foams were obtained by pyrolysis of phenolic-furanic rigid foams, whose structure was tailored through some changes in the formulations. The structures of all of these materials were thoroughly characterised through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray microtomography. Both methods proved to give very consistent results, justifying the use of the simpler one, i.e., SEM. Very broad ranges of bulk densities (0.015 \<= d \<= 0.333 g cm(-3)) and of average cell diameters (100 \<= D \<= 5000 mu m) were obtained. Despite these very different morphologies, elemental analysis, helium pycnometry and Raman spectroscopy studies showed that the carbon constituting the foams can be considered as identical. The results presented here should be used as a basis for the most thorough and extensive studies of physical properties of vitreous carbon foams.

}, author = {M. LETELLIER and A. SZCZUREK and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and O. FERRY and A. CELZARD} } @article {1659, title = { Pretreatment of trace element-enriched biomasses grown on phytomanaged soils for bioethanol production }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {107}, year = {2017}, pages = {63-72}, abstract = {

Phytotechnologies are a set of sustainable, ecological options notably for alleviating pollutant linkages induced by contaminated soils. However, concerns exist regarding the processing of trace elements (TE)-enriched biomass and the fate of TEs in the end-products. The fractionation of phytoremediation TE-enriched non-woody lignocellulosic (tobacco) and woody (birch, willow) phytoremediation-borne biomasses was studied using ethanol organosolv, soda and dilute acid pretreatments. TE distribution in the process fractions (pulp, liquid effluents and lignin) was further examined. In dilute acid conditions, a wood pretreatment performed at 170 degrees C in the presence of 2\% w/w of sulfuric acid allowed an efficient extraction of the metals in the water effluent (approximate to 90\% for Mn and Zn) producing a clean pulp. A soda pretreatment resulted in a low metal extractability, especially at high temperature. At 170 degrees C or above with 15\% w/w of NaOH, metals were mostly recovered in the cellulosic pulp (70\%- 98\%). Using organosolv pulping, the TE contents were in the decreasing order: pulp \>\> water stream \> lignin. The TE organosolv extraction in the liquid phase varied depending on the TE metal and on the species but was generally low. Metal extractability increased with the water content in the solvent of the organosolv pulping but decreased with temperature. Enzymatic hydrolyses of TE-enriched and metal-free pulps were investigated and it was concluded that the TE concentrations had little or no effect on polysaccharide enzymatic hydrolysability by cellulases. The final destination of the various fractions for valorization in a biorefinery setting is discussed, regarding their TE content.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01538463}, author = {M. ASAD and Z. MENANA and I. ZIEGLER-DEVIN and V. BERT and M. CHALOT and R. HERZIG and M. MENCH and N. BROSSE} } @article {1688, title = { Resistance of thermally modified ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood under steam pressure against rot fungi, soil-inhabiting micro-organisms and termites }, journal = { EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS }, volume = {75}, year = {2017}, pages = {249-262}, abstract = {

Thermal modification processes have been developed to increase the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. The aim of this paper was to study the influence of ThermoWood(A (R)) treatment intensity on improvement of wood decay resistance against soil-inhabiting micro-organisms, brown/white rots and termite exposures. All of the tests were carried out in the laboratory with two different complementary research materials. The main research material consisted of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood thermally modified at temperatures of 170, 200, 215 and 228 A degrees C. The reference materials were untreated ash and beech wood for decay resistance tests, untreated ash wood for soil bed tests and untreated ash, beech and pine wood for termite resistance tests. An agar block test was used to determine the resistance to two brown-rot and two white-rot fungi according to CEN/TS 15083-1 directives. Durability against soil-inhabiting micro-organisms was determined following the CEN/TS 15083-2 directives, by measuring the weight loss, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) after incubation periods of 24, 32 and 90 weeks. Finally, Reticulitermes santonensis species was used for determining the termite attack resistance by non-choice screening tests, with a size sample adjustment according to EN 117 standard directives on control samples and on samples which have previously been exposed to soil bed test. Thermal modification increased the biological durability of all samples. However, high thermal modification temperature above 215 A degrees C, represented by a wood mass loss (ML\%) due to thermal degradation of 20\%, was needed to reach resistance against decay comparable with the durability classes of \&$\#$39;\&$\#$39;durable\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; or \&$\#$39;\&$\#$39;very durable\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; in the soil bed test. The brown-rot and white-rot tests gave slightly better durability classes than the soil bed test. Whatever the heat treatment conditions are, thermally modified ash wood was not efficient against termite attack neither before nor after soft rot degradation.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-02179527}, author = {K. CANDELIER and S. HANNOUZ and M.F. THEVENON and D. GUIBAL and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS and R. COLLET} } @article {1689, title = { Stability analysis of tannin-based foams using multiple light-scattering measurements }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {87}, year = {2017}, pages = {318-330}, abstract = {

Liquid foams were prepared by whipping aqueous solutions based on natural polyphenols, surfactant and crosslinker. The destabilisation mechanisms of such thick, opaque and viscous liquid foams were investigated for the first time with a light-scattering detection method using an optical analyser. The technique allowed separating processes such as drainage, coalescence and coarsening, and sedimentation, so that each of them could be investigated independently as a function of whipping time, surfactant amount, and temperature. The corresponding average bubble diameters could also be determined as a function of time. It was shown that this kind of optical analysis is quite relevant for optimising formulations and foaming conditions with the aim of recovering rigid foams after polymerisation, having a given homogeneous structure that might be useful for various applications such as thermal insulation or acoustic absorption.

}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and S. LI and A. PASC and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1613, title = { Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials of Retama Sphaerocarpa. }, journal = { RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES }, volume = {7}, year = {2016}, pages = {219-226}, abstract = {

The present work studies the antioxidant activities and antimicrobial properties of the aerial part of Retama sphaerocarpa. The secondary metabolites (polyphenols) were extracted using different solvents: chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. In each fraction, total polyphenols and flavonoids were respectively quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu test and aluminium chloride colorimetric method. The concentration of polyphenols was higher in the chloroform extract (121.4 +/- 0.3 mg GAE/g), than in n-butanol extract (111.7 +/- 0.1 mg GAE/g) and ethyl acetate extract (73.0 +/- 0.4 mgGAE/g). The evaluation of flavonoids content also showed a high value of flavonoid in chloroform extract (20.9 +/- 0.2 mg QE /g DM), whereas the ethyl acetate and the n-butanol extracts of Retama sphaerocarpa leaves contained similar quantity of flavonoids with 16.5+/- 0.8 mg QE /g DM and 15.3+/- 0.7 mg QE/g DM, respectively. The obtained extracts of R. sphaerocarpa were also evaluated for their antioxidant activities using DPPH radical-scavenging method. The three extracts (i. e. chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts) showed very high free radical scavenging activity: 73 +/- 0.8, 75.6 +/- 1.9 and 81.5 +/- 0.3 (\%), respectively. We also investigated the antimicrobial activities of the three extracts using the disc diffusion method. Each of the three extracts were active against Bacillus sp.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/LRGP-UL/hal-01620277}, author = {A. BENAISSA and R. CHERFIA and L. CANABADY-ROCHELLE and D. PERRIN and P. CHAIMBAULT and M. BOUHELASSA and N.K. CHAOUCHE} } @article {1596, title = { Catalytic gasification of biomass (Miscanthus) enhanced by CO2 sorption }, journal = { ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH }, volume = {23}, year = {2016}, pages = {22253-22266}, abstract = {

The main objective of this work concerns the coupling of biomass gasification reaction and CO2 sorption. The study shows the feasibility to promote biomass steam gasification in a dense fluidized bed reactor with CO2 sorption to enhance tar removal and hydrogen production. It also proves the efficiency of CaO-Ca12Al14O33/olivine bi-functional materials to reduce heavy tar production. Experiments have been carried out in a fluidized bed gasifier using steam as the fluidizing medium to improve hydrogen production. Bed materials consisting of CaO-based oxide for CO2 sorption (CaO-Ca12Al14O33) deposited on olivine for tar reduction were synthesized, their structural and textural properties were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) methods, and the determination of their sorption capacity and stability analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It appears that this CaO-Ca12Al14O33/olivine sorbent/catalyst presents a good CO2 sorption stability (for seven cycles of carbonation/decarbonation). Compared to olivine and Fe/olivine in a fixed bed reactor for steam reforming of toluene chosen as tar model compound, it shows a better hydrogen production rate and a lower CO2 selectivity due to its sorption on the CaO phase. In the biomass steam gasification, the use of CaO-Ca12Al14O33/olivine as bed material at 700 A degrees C leads to a higher H-2 production than olivine at 800 A degrees C thanks to CO2 sorption. Similar tar concentration and lighter tar production (analyzed by HPLC/UV) are observed. At 700 A degrees C, sorbent addition allows to halve tar content and to eliminate the heaviest tars.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01518102}, author = {I. ZAMBONI and M. DEBAL and M. MATT and P. GIRODS and A. KIENNEMANN and Y. ROGAUME and C. COURSON} } @article {1612, title = { Control of wood thermal treatment and its effects on decay resistance: a review }, journal = { ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE }, volume = {73}, year = {2016}, pages = {571-583}, abstract = {

Key message An efficient use of thermal treatment of wood requires a depth understanding of the chemical modifications induced. This is a prerequisite to avoid problems of process control, and to provide high quality treated wood with accurately assessed properties to the market. Properties and structural anatomy of thermally modified woods are slightly different than un-processed woods from a same wood species. So it is necessary to create or adapt new analytical methods to control their quality.

Heat treatment as a wood modification process is based on chemical degradation of wood polymer by heat transfer. It improves mainly the resistance of wood to decay and provides dimensional stability. These improvements, which come at the expense of a weakening of mechanical properties, have been extensively studied. Since a decade, researches focused mainly on the understanding of wood thermal degradation, on modelling, on quality prediction and quality control.

We aimed at reviewing the recent advances about (i) the analytical methods used to control thermal treatment; (ii) the effects on wood decay resistance and (iii) the advantages and drawbacks of a potential industrial use of wood heating.

We carried out a literature review of the main industrial methods used to evaluate the conferred wood properties, by thermal treatment. We used papers and reports published between 1970 and 2015, identified in the web of science data base..

Approximately 100 papers mostly published after 2000 were retrieved. They concentrated on: (i) wood mass loss due to thermal degradation determination, (ii) spectroscopic analyses of wood properties, (iii) colour measurements, (iv) chemical composition, (v) non-destructive mechanical assessments and (vi) use of industrial data.

One of most interesting property of heat-treated wood remains its decay resistance. Durability test with modified wood in laboratory are expensive and time-consuming. This review displays data from different analytical methods, such as spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, chemical analyses or mechanical tests that have the potential to be valuable indicators to assess the durability of heat treated wood at industrial scale. However, each method has its limits and drawbacks, such as the required investment for the equipment, reliability and accuracy of the results and ease of use at industrial scale.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532412}, author = {K. CANDELIER and M.F. THEVENON and A. PETRISSANS and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1655, title = { Design and optimization of industrial woody biomass pretreatment addressed by DryKiln_CRP, a multiscale computational model: Particle, bed, and dryer levels }, journal = { DRYING TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {34}, year = {2016}, pages = {1820-1830}, abstract = {

Thermochemical conversion processes of biomass to energy are increasingly demanding in terms of the quality of the raw material, especially regarding its moisture content. The use of continuous dryers is attractive because of their low cost and ease of integration into the production line. However, the design of the drier (drying chamber and heating source) and the optimization of its control based on relevant criteria are complex. This paper presents DryKiln_CRP, a comprehensive multiscale model able to account for the two-way interactions between particles, bed, and drier. The drying model at the particle level is based on the van Meel approach which was extended to account explicitly for heat and mass transfer coupling. Computational simulations are discussed for two case studies to emphasize the potential of this multiscale computational model in the design and optimization of industrial plants devoted to the pretreatment of biomass.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01430298}, author = {J. COLIN and R. REMOND and P. PERRE} } @article {1639, title = { Effect of Potassium on the Mechanisms of Biomass Pyrolysis Studied using Complementary Analytical Techniques }, journal = { CHEMSUSCHEM }, volume = {9}, year = {2016}, pages = {863-872}, abstract = {

Complementary analytical methods have been used to study the effect of potassium on the pyrolysis mechanisms of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomasses. Thermogravimetry, calorimetry, high-temperature H-1 NMR spectroscopy (in situ and real-time analysis of the fluid phase formed during pyrolysis), and water extraction of quenched char followed by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry have been combined. Potassium impregnated in cellulose suppresses the formation of anhydrosugars, reduces the formation of mobile protons, and gives rise to a mainly exothermic signal. The evolution of mobile protons formed from K-impregnated cellulose has a very similar pattern to the evolution of the mass loss rate. This methodology has been also applied to analyze miscanthus, demineralized miscanthus, miscanthus re-impregnated with potassium after demineralization, raw oak, and Douglas fir. Hydrogen mobility and transfer are of high importance in the mechanisms of biomass pyrolysis.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01416493}, author = {Y. LE-BRECH and T. GHISLAIN and S. LECLERC and M. BOUROUKBA and L. DELMOTTE and N. BROSSE and C. SNAPE and P. CHAIMBAULT and A. DUFOUR} } @article {1624, title = { Experimental and numerical analysis of CFRP-strengthened finger-jointed timber beams }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {68}, year = {2016}, pages = {283-297}, abstract = {

Experimental and finite element (FE) studies of bending behaviour of finger-jointed timber (Spruce) beams reinforced with CFRP material were performed. Four-point bending tests with distinct reinforcement configurations were proposed in order to determine stiffness, ductility and strength values of strengthened finger-jointed timber beams. The experimental results obtained under flexure showed that the external bonding of CFRP increased the load-bearing capacity of finger-jointed Spruce timber beams. The numerical results presented here were based on the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) available in Abaqus code, allowing the description of the progressive failure mode of the finger-jointed timber beams under flexural load. The FE models took the different material constitutive laws (wood, CFRP and adhesive) into account, including the bond-slip actions between finger-joints and CFRP-timber interface. The results in terms of load-mid span deflection and failure modes obtained experimentally and numerically were compared. Once the FE simulations were calibrated, the differences between experimental and predicted ultimate loads were around 4.5\% only. A good agreement was therefore found, proving the relevance of the presented FE models to predict the load-bearing capacity and to capture the failure mode of CFRP-strengthened finger-jointed Spruce timber beams in bending.

}, author = {M. KHELIFA and A. CELZARD and M. OUDJENE and J. RUELLE} } @article {1622, title = { Ground plant meal potential market, functional properties and applications }, journal = { OCL-OILSEEDS AND FATS CROPS AND LIPIDS }, volume = {23}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

The growing demand of bio-sourced products leads to an increasing interest for the development of new resources of raw materials. In order to generate a higher economic value in the oleoproteaginous sector, meals, co-products of oil extraction present qualities capable of being exploited in a wide range of sectors. These meals are mainly commercialized in feed application, but remain relatively weak used in the chemistry domain or even in food. To enlarge these applications, the pre-treatment of the raw material by grinding and air-classification offers technological outlooks for the conception of new extraction processes of interesting components. The present publication has the following goal: to examine the diversification of oleoproteaginous meal market, out of traditional usage in the chemistry domain; to characterize the meals chemical composition and their techno-functional properties; to evaluate the feasibility of valorizing these meals and their derivatives as substitutes or additives allowing the reduction of the level in petro-chemical product, for example, for the production of adhesive formulations for particle boards. To achieve this, different actions have been performed: evaluation of the potential and accessible market starting from metropolitan crops; analysis of the panorama of intellectual property for the identified markets; chemical characterization of ground plant meals and their soluble and insoluble fractions; applicability of the different obtained fractions, in terms of foaming power, emulsifier and gelifier; first application tests starting from rapeseed and sunflower meals in the wood panel board domain. The obtained results have allowed: to draw up a map of the inventive activity bound to the valorization of proteins from rapeseed, sunflower and soy meals and pea flour in various applications, highlighting the dynamism and the growing interest for industrials and academics to use oleo-proteaginous plant proteins; to explore techno-functional properties brought by these plant meals and their derivatives, in particular in the wood panel domain.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01599499}, author = {A. MOREL and N. MANTRAND and S. BELAID and M. LOPEZ and D. CHEREAU and C. DEMAILLE and S. PAILLER and F. VALTER and O. GALET and J. GUEGUEN and R. KAPEL and A. PIZZI and F. GARRIGUE} } @article {1595, title = { Hydrophobisation of tannin-based foams by covalent grafting of silanes }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {92}, year = {2016}, pages = {116-126}, abstract = {

Thermally insulating foams based on Mimosa bark extracts (Acacia Meansii) were hydrophobised with the aim of decreasing their sensitivity to moisture. Two different formulations leading to rigid foams presenting similar porosity were prepared, and were covalently grafted with three kinds of organosilanes. Non-treated and hydrophobised samples were all thoroughly characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and corresponding surface energy calculations, water sorption and thermal conductivity studies. Hydrophobisation produced a significant repellence towards liquid water but did not prevent water vapour sorption. Water uptake, however, was limited compared to the non-treated materials. As a result, the increase of thermal conductivity at high relative humidity was lower after hydrophobisation.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01394526}, author = {C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and M. LETELLIER and V. FIERRO and H. CHAPUIS and C. GERARDIN and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1619, title = { Improving Water Repellence and Friability of Tannin-Furanic Foams by Oil-Grafted Flavonoid Tannins }, journal = {BIORESOURCES}, volume = {11}, year = {2016}, pages = {7754-7768}, abstract = {

Tannin-furanic biobased foams, based on the co-reaction of bark-derived condensed tannins and thermoset furanic polymers, have low thermal conductivity, are self-extinguishing, and have high fire resistance, which allows their development for several industrial uses. One of their main drawbacks, however, is the absorption of water within the foam itself. Another problem is the rather friable surface, which is a definite drawback for some potential applications. In this work, these two problems are minimized or eliminated by introducing a component of oil-grafted tannin in the foam formulation. The incorporation of fatty chains markedly decreased foam friability and increased water repellency in the body of the foams. These properties and the compounds formed by fatty acids grafting onto the tannin flavonoids were extensively tested.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599595}, author = {G. RANGEL and H. CHAPUIS and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and C. DELGADO-SANCHEZ and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and C. GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER} } @article {1636, title = { In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Melanoma Effects of Pituranthos tortuosus Essential Oil Via Inhibition of FAK and Src Activities }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY }, volume = {117}, year = {2016}, pages = {1167-1175}, abstract = {

A large number of plants used in traditional medicines have been shown to possess antitumor activities. The aims of this study were to evaluate any anticancer effect of the essential oil (EO) extracted from P. tortuosus against B16F10 melanoma cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo. In vitro, EO was shown to induce apoptosis and to inhibit migration and invasion processes. Further investigation revealed that EO decreased focal adhesion and invadopodia formation which was accompanied by a drastic downregulation of FAK, Src, ERK, p130Cas and paxillin. Moreover, EO treatment decreased the expression level of p190RhoGAP, and Grb2, which impair cell migration and actin assembly. Mice bearing the melanoma cells were used to confirm any in vivo effectiveness of the EO as an anti-tumor promoting agent. In mice dosed with 100 mg EO/kg/d (for 27 days), tumor weight was inhibited by 98\% compared to that in mice that did not receive the product. In conclusion, these data suggested to us that an EO of P. tortuosus could evolve to be a potential medicinal resource for use in the treatment of cancers.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598421}, author = {M. KRIFA and S.E. EL-MESHRI and N. BENTOUATI and A. PIZZI and E. SICK and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA and P. RONDE} } @article {1605, title = { Lignin-derived non-toxic aldehydes for ecofriendly tannin adhesives for wood panels }, journal = { INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES }, volume = {70}, year = {2016}, pages = {239-248}, abstract = {

An adhesive based on the reaction of a very fast reacting procyanidin-type condensed tannin, namely purified pine bark tannin, and food-grade non-toxic slow-reacting aldehydes derived from lignin was shown to satisfy well the relevant standards for bonding wood particleboard. Vanillin and a dialdehyde derivative of vanillin were the aldehydes used. The oligomers obtained and their distribution have been determined by matrix assisted laser ionization desorption time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for the reactions with catechin used as a model compound and with the pine tannin itself, and by cross polarization magic angle spinning C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP MAS C-13 NMR) for the reaction with pine tannin.

}, author = {F. SANTIAGO-MEDINA and G. FOYER and A. PIZZI and S. CAILLOL and L. DELMOTTE} } @article {1652, title = { Mechanisms of biomass pyrolysis studied reactor with advanced gas analysis by combining a fixed bed }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS }, volume = {117}, year = {2016}, pages = {334-346}, abstract = {

Slow pyrolysis of different biomasses (miscanthus, douglas fir and oak) was conducted in a U-shape fixed bed reactor combined to (1) on-line analysis of the vapors (primary tar) by soft photoionisation mass spectrometry (single photoionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometer, SPI-TOFMS), (2) quantitative off-line analysis of condensed vapors by GC*GC/MS-FID and (3) permanent gas analysis. The U-shape fixed bed reactor allows controlling external mass transfers, temperature of the bed, quenching char at targeted temperatures and quantifying mass balances. The mass yields in solid, condensable products and gas are studied between 200 degrees C and 500 degrees C. The soft on-line photoionisation analysis leads to a more interpretable mass spectra with few fragment ions and gives the evolution of the main markers of volatiles produced in real-time as a function of the temperature. The chemical structure of the markers analyzed on-line by SPI-TOFMS is assigned by GC*GC/FID-MS analysis. The mechanisms of hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis in the complex network of biomass (including minerals catalytic effect) are discussed.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01923764}, author = {Y. LE-BRECH and L.Y. JIA and S. CISSE and G. MAUVIEL and N. BROSSE and A. DUFOUR} } @article {1633, title = { Numerical damage prediction in dowel connections of wooden structures }, journal = { MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES }, volume = {49}, year = {2016}, pages = {1829-1840}, abstract = {

The behaviour of timber connections is very complex because of the interaction between brittle and ductile failure modes that develop within the contact areas between the timber and the dowel. Simulating this behaviour numerically requires the use of multidimensional failure criteria as well as the use of coupled constitutive equations accounting for both non-linear isotropic hardening and isotropic ductile damage. Such a formulation is proposed in the present work and implemented within a Vumat user-defined subroutine in Abaqus/Explicit. The model is used to simulate the behaviour of a double shear timber steel connection. Good agreement was found between the FE results and experimental ones, which showed the good capability of the model to predict the onset of ductile damage and growth. It was found that failure results from ductile defects initiation, growth and propagation inside narrow shear bands wherein the plastic strain is highly localised.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294587}, author = {M. KHELIFA and A. KHENNANE and M. EL-GANAOUI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1620, title = { Strain rate effects on the compressive response of wood and energy absorption capabilities - Part A: Experimental investigations }, journal = { COMPOSITE STRUCTURES }, volume = {149}, year = {2016}, pages = {315-328}, abstract = {

Strain rate effect on wood material is of major interest when dealing with applications dedicated to energy absorption or wood machining. To understand and evaluate the strain rate influence on the wood responses, three experimental apparatus are used in order to cover a large range of strain rates, between 0.001 and 600 s(-1), and to allow observing densification regime for strains until 70\%. The influence of strain rate on mechanical properties, in particular, initial crushing stress, plateau stress and specific absorbed energies is investigated in the three orthotropic directions for two wood species (spruce and beech) really different in terms of relative density and microstructure. It is noticed that wood properties are strain rate sensitive and this sensitivity depends on the loading direction.

}, author = {J. WOUTS and G. HAUGOU and M. OUDJENE and D. COUTELLIER and H. MORVAN} } @article {1634, title = { Structure and properties of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-tannin polyHIPEs }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {78}, year = {2016}, pages = {195-212}, abstract = {

The synthesis and the properties of the first polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) derived from co-reacted tannin and furfuryl alcohol resin, are reported in this paper. Such highly porous thermoset polymers were obtained by emulsion-templating in the form of strong monoliths, using 70 vol\% of cyclohexane as the internal phase. The volatility of the latter made the preparation process very simple, not requiring the usual long washing steps encountered in the synthesis of most polyHIPEs. The structure of these new materials was investigated by different techniques as a function of the amount of surfactant in the initial formulation. The pore sizes exhibited clear trends that were explained. The materials were found to be interesting thermal insulators whereas presenting outstanding mechanical properties, among the highest ever reported for porous polymers.

}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and M. THEBAULT and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1646, title = { Wood machining with a focus on French research in the last 50 years }, journal = { ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE }, volume = {73}, year = {2016}, pages = {163-184}, abstract = {

Context Woodcutting is a very old technology but scientific research is scarce on the subject. In the last 50 years, much work on basic mechanisms as well as on industrial processes has been done in France.

Aims The specific nature of wood introduces strong differences between wood and metal cutting processes. The paper focuses on French teams\&$\#$39; contributions.

Results The basic aspects of the tool-material interaction for different basic modes in woodcutting are highlighted. In primary conversion such as sawing, veneer cutting or green wood chipping, huge progress comes from automation and the possibility of linking the process to log and product quality through new sensors. In secondary processing, much has been done on the links between the cutting process, surface qualification and the properties of these surfaces for further processing, such as gluing or coating. Tool wear depends on the cutting process, timber quality and species. Trade-offs are required in tool technology and coating technologies may improve tool life.

Conclusion A large amount of knowledge and innovation has come from 50 years of worldwide research effort, with France being particularly active in this period. The transfer of skills from metals cutting industry was often a key, but much is needed to move closer to both metal cutting sector and woodcutting skills among craftsmen.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01135156}, author = {B. THIBAUT and L. DENAUD and R. COLLET and R. MARCHAL and J. BEAUCHENE and F. MOTHE and P.J. MEAUSOONE and P. MARTIN and P. LARRICQ and F. EYMA} } @article {1549, title = { Biobased foams from condensed tannin extracts from Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, pages = {144-153}, abstract = {

Different kinds of tannin-based foams were developed in the recent past with fisetinidin/robetinidin-type tannins extracted from mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) or quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzi) bark; or procyanidin-type tannins from pine (Pious pinaster and Pinus radiata). These biobased porous products revealed excellent properties similar to their synthetic counterparts in many applications. Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark is another large potential source of procyanidin-type tannins. In this study rigid and homogeneous foams were produced from purified tannins containing at least 80\% of polyflavonoid condensed tannins. This paper deals with the study of spruce tannins reactivity for rigid foam formulations. Characterization results have point out their very good mechanical resistance (sigma \> 0.08 MPa), and low thermal conductivities (lambda \< 0.045 W/m/K) at low densities (d \< 50kg/m3).

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294580}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M. COP and K. KEMPPAINEN and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and M.P. LABORIE and M. SERNEK and A. CELZARD} } @article {1578, title = { Catalytic conversion of methane over a biomass char for hydrogen production: deactivation and regeneration by steam gasification }, journal = { APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL }, volume = {490}, year = {2015}, pages = {170-180}, abstract = {

CH4 decomposition over a wood char was investigated as an alternative green catalyst.to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) deposition leads to apparent deactivation of the catalyst by pore-mouth plugging. The activity of the carbon bed and its available surface area are easily restored by H2O gasification. The used char with pyrocarbon deposition was even found to be more reactive to gasification than the fresh char used in our conditions. This finding was highlighted by: (i) determination of gasification reaction extents by steam, (ii) temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) of the fresh, used and reactivated chars and (iii) TPO under differential scanning calorimetry of these chars and demineralised chars. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis of the chars showed different multiscale organisation of the carbon materials (disordered and graphitic mesoporous nanostructures). The fast regeneration of the used char could be attributed to the catalytic effect of the minerals present in the char that are reduced under our conditions of CH4 conversion. The predominant oxidation of the pyrocarbon compared to the char during its regeneration is evidenced through differential annealing (at 1800 degrees C) followed by XRD analysis. The oxidation of pyrocarbon is faster than the oxidation of the weakly reactive mesoporous carbon in char as shown by the HRTEM analysis. Consequently, wood char is an effective, easy to regenerate and cheap catalyst for converting hydrocarbons (CH4 or tar) into syngas.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01227900}, author = {A. DUFOUR and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and F. BROUST and C. COURSON and A. ZOULALIAN and J.N. ROUZAUD} } @article {1592, title = { Characterization of sumac (Rhus tripartitum) root barks tannin for a potential use in wood adhesives formulation }, journal = { WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {49}, year = {2015}, pages = {205-221}, abstract = {

The phenolic composition of sumac root barks was studied. Colorimetric assays, FT-IR and NMR were used to examine the phenolic composition and tannins nature. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to examine the structure of the tannin oligomers. TGA analysis was used to study the thermal stability of sumac tannin extract. Analyzes showed that sumac root barks are rich in condensed tannins, especially procyanidin and prodelphinidin types. Flavonoid oligomers of dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers and hexamers kind were detected in MALDI-TOF-positive ion mode analysis. TGA analysis showed thermal stability of sumac tannins compared to other condensed tannin types and pomegranate hydrolyzable tannins.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02009673}, author = {S. BEN-MAHMOUD and H. SAAD and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and N. AYED and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1560, title = { Characterization of the curing process of mixed pine and spruce tannin-based foams by different methods }, journal = { EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL }, volume = {69}, year = {2015}, pages = {29-37}, abstract = {

Dielectric analysis, rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used in this study to analyse the curing process of tannin-based foams using mixture of maritime pine and Norway spruce tannins. The amounts of blowing agent (pentane) and catalyst (para-toluene sulphonic acid) were varied with the aim of monitoring the changes in the curing processes of foams.

A thermal analysis carried out by differential scanning calorimetry revealed an almost finished reaction at the time of the peak temperature, occurring from the reaction of foaming, whereas conversion results derived from dielectric analysis and rheological tests indicated that curing process began after the occurrence of maximum temperature. With increased catalyst concentration, the start of curing process was accelerated, while a raised amount of pentane delayed the curing process. The curing process of the tannin-based foams was divided into three characteristic phases: the induction phase, the expansion phase, and the structure-strengthening phase.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598441}, author = {M. COP and B. GOSPODARIC and K. KEMPPAINEN and S. GIOVANDO and M.P. LABORIE and A. PIZZI and M. SERNEK} } @article {1561, title = { Comparison of the impact of different extraction methods on polyphenols yields and tannins extracted from Moroccan Acacia mollissima barks }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {70}, year = {2015}, pages = {245-252}, abstract = {

The performance of three techniques, conventional maceration at room temperature, infusion and microwave assisted extraction, was evaluated to extract polyphenols, condensed and hydrolysable tannins from Moroccan barks of Acacia mollissima. A comparison of these methods was performed using colorimetric assays. For each technique, the effect of extraction conditions on the yield extracts was evaluated. The variables studied are: solvent nature, barks ages, time extraction, power extraction and heat interaction with solvent nature and barks ages. This study proved that the choice of solvent extraction was a relation of the extraction method used and the extractible nature (polyphenols, condensed or hydrolysable tannins). Methanol was the best solvent to extract tannin and polyphenols using maceration at room temperature, and ethanol was the best for infusion at 60 degrees C. Microwave was more selective to extract polyphenols and tannins under extraction solvent used. Highest polyphenols contents was obtained using methanol. For condensed and hydrolysable tannins, the highest were obtained using water. The polyphenols contents extracted using maceration was closed to the yield obtained with microwave, 354 mg GAE/g bark, 442 mg GAE/g bark, respectively. This study proved the pertinence of traditional methods to extract polyphenols and tannins compared to the new extraction method (microwave). The best polyphenols yields, condensed and hydrolysable tannins were obtained by microwave followed by the yield obtained by maceration and finally the yield obtained by infusion.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01595994}, author = {R. NAIMA and M. OUMAM and H. HANNACHE and A. SESBOU and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and F.C. EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1542, title = {The effect of the composition of spruce and pine tannin-based foams on their physical, morphological and compression properties}, journal = {INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS}, volume = {74}, year = {2015}, pages = {158-164}, abstract = {

Tannin-based foams were successfully prepared, using Norway spruce and maritime pine tannins. Various parameters, including the amount of procyanidins, were varied in order to observe the effect of changes in the density of the foam, on the structure its pores, and on the homogeneity, compressive strength, and compressive modulus of the foams. It was found that an optimum amount of spruce tannin exists, which results in a foam with the lowest density whereas the amount of cross-linker affects homogeneity, and the foam morphology is defined by the surfactant A partial replacement of pine tannin with spruce tannin decreased the foaming temperature and led to decreased compressive strength and a decreased compressive modulus of the foams. The main attribute affecting the reaction was the amount of polyphenols, or the amount of impurities (cellulosic sugars) present in the tannin extract.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01599795}, author = {M. COP and C. LACOSTE and M. CONRADI and M.P. LABORIE and A. PIZZI and M. SERNEK} } @article {1250, title = {Enhancement of mechanical strength of environmentally friendly Pinus tannins adhesives for particleboards production using cellulose nanofibers.}, journal = {Ann. Forest Sc.}, volume = {72}, year = {2015}, pages = {27-32}, abstract = {

Condensed tannins have been successfully used as substitutes for phenol in the production of resins for wood products. However, the enhancement of the properties of tannin-based resins with nontoxic and cost effective additives is of great interest.

In the present work, the performance enhancement of tannin-based particleboards with cellulose nanofibers was investigated.

In presence of 2 \% of cellulose nanofibers, the viscosity of tannin-based adhesives and the internal bonding strength (IB) of the corresponding particleboards were increased from 350 to 5,462 mPa center dot s and from 0.85 to 0.98 MPa respectively. The modulus of elastic (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the resins were also notably increased while thickness swelling (TS) of the panels was not affected.

The addition of cellulose nanofibers to tannin adhesives is an effective method for the production of high performance particleboards. Tannin-based adhesive containing 2 \% of cellulose nanofibers exhibits the best mechanical strength.

The addition of cellulose nanofibers into tannin-based adhesives notably enhanced the mechanical properties of the wood particleboards produced. The formulation containing 2 \% (w/w) of cellulose nanofibers exhibited the best mechanical strength.

}, author = {J. CUI and X. LU and X. ZHOU and L. CHRUSCIEL and Y. DENG and H. ZHOU and S. ZHU and N. BROSSE} } @article {1258, title = {FE simulation of repaired timber beams under tensile load using CFRP patches.}, journal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology}, volume = {29}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, chapter = {158}, author = {M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1551, title = { Finite element analysis of flexural strengthening of timber beams with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymers }, journal = { ENGINEERING STRUCTURES }, volume = {101}, year = {2015}, pages = {364-375}, abstract = {

This study focuses on the flexural behaviour of timber beams externally reinforced using Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). A non-linear finite element analysis was proposed, and was validated with respect to experimental tests carried out on seven beams. All the beams had the same square cross-section geometry and were loaded under four-point bending, but had different numbers of CFRP layers. The Abaqus software was used, and different material models were evaluated with respect to their ability to describe the behaviour of the solid timber beams. Elasto-plastic behaviour with damage effect was assumed for the timber material, linear elastic isotropic model was used for the CFRP, and a cohesive model was used to represent the interaction between two adherent surfaces (CFRP and timber). These two surfaces were paired and, taking into account the presence of an adhesive layer, one of them was defined as the master surface whilst the other was the slave surface. Predicted and measured load-mid-span deflection responses and failure modes were compared. The increases of flexural strength for the two different reinforcement schemes with 2 and 3 layers of CFRP composite sheets were 41.82\% and 60.24\%, respectively, with respect to the unreinforced timber beams. The maximal difference between calculated and experimental ultimate load-bearing capacity for reinforced solid timber beams with 2-layers of CFRP was around 1.2\%.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294583}, author = {M. KHELIFA and S. AUCHET and P.J. MEAUSOONE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1558, title = { First Tools for Tannin-Furanic Foams Design }, journal = { BIORESOURCES }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {5233-5241}, abstract = {

Formaldehyde-free quebracho tannin foams were prepared for the first time. Several simple formulations have been presented in order to study the capital influence of each component on foaming and therefore on the characteristics of the obtained foams. Incorporation of a non-ionic surfactant leads to smaller cells and a more homogeneous cell size distribution. Cross-linking agents improve the mechanical properties of foams. A combination of different catalysts allows control of the ratio between the expansion/hardening processes. The understanding of the roles and interactions of the different components of formulation make possible the design of tannin foams having specific properties.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294586}, author = {M.C. BASSO and M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and S. ABDALLA} } @article {1553, title = { Flexural strengthening of finger-jointed Spruce timber beams with CFRP }, journal = { JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {29}, year = {2015}, pages = {2104-2116}, abstract = {

This study describes an experimental and numerical investigation of the use of CFRP material for strengthening finger-jointed Spruce timber beams. The corresponding experimental work was based on a four-point bending test configuration in order to characterise stiffness, ductility and strength. The results show that the external bonding of CFRP increased the ultimate load-bearing capacity of finger-jointed Spruce timber beams under flexure. FE simulations were also carried out, based on the cohesive zone model (CZM) available in Abaqus software to allow an accurate description of the damage evolution of the bond lines within the finger joint until failure. The FE models incorporated the different materials\&$\#$39; nonlinear constitutive laws including bond-slip action between finger joints and CFRP-timber interface. The results indicated increases of 33.84\% and 16.7\% for flexural capacity and initial stiffness, respectively, in comparison with unreinforced finger-jointed Spruce specimens. Besides, comparisons of computed and experimental ultimate loads for all tested specimens showed that the absolute error was around 5\%. It is concluded that the developed FE models are able to predict accurately ultimate load and failure mode of finger-jointed Spruce timber beams strengthened with CFRP materials.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294579}, author = {M. KHELIFA and M.A. LAHOUAR and A. CELZARD} } @article {1567, title = { Formaldehyde-Free Prorobitenidin/Profi setinidin Tannin/Furanic Foams Based on Alternative Aldehydes: Glyoxal and Glutaraldehyde }, journal = { JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS }, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, pages = {142-150}, abstract = {

Tannin/furanic foams, typically 95\% composed of materials of natural origin such as prorobinetinidin/profisetinidin tannins and furfuryl alcohol, are potential alternatives to oil-based synthetic foams such as phenol-formaldehyde, and polyurethane foams. This article describes the development of second generation tannin/furanic foams, which are not only formaldehyde free, but also use nonvolatile, nontoxic aldehydes. Both glyoxal and glutaraldehyde were tried to substitute formaldehyde in tannin/furanic foams. The physical properties of these new foams are described and discussed. It was found that glutaraldehyde can totally substitute formaldehyde during tannin/furanic foam preparation, but that glyoxal cannot. The optimized proportion to prepare such new foams is tannin: glutaraldehyde = 30:4 by weight. Formaldehyde-free glutaraldehyde-containing foams are open-celled and present good compression resistance and high thermal insulation.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294584}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and X. ZHOU and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1396, title = {The GSTome reflects the chemical environment of white-rot fungi.}, year = {2015}, author = {A. DEROY and F. SAIAG and Z. KEBBI-BENKEDER and N. TOUAHRI and A. HECKER and M. MOREL-ROUHIER and F. COLIN and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN and E. GELHAYE} } @article {1398, title = {Heat treatment of Tunisian soft wood species: effect on the durability, chemical modifications and mechanical properties.}, journal = {Maderas-Cienc Tecnol}, volume = {17(4)}, year = {2015}, pages = {699 - 710}, author = {M. ELAIEB and K. CANDELIER and A. PETRISSANS and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1573, title = { High surface - Highly N-doped carbons from hydrothermally treated tannin }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {66}, year = {2015}, pages = {282-290}, abstract = {

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NCMs) were obtained by amination of tannin by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). NCMs presented different morphologies depending on the amination method: (i) powders by HTC of tannin in a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution; (ii) gels without using any crosslinker by HTC in distilled water of tannin first dissolved in concentrated ammonia and then evaporated. Whatever the method, (i) or (ii), HTC was carried out at different temperatures: 180, 190, 200, 210 or 220 degrees C, with further pyrolysis at 900 degrees C under nitrogen. The morphology and chemical composition of the resultant materials were discussed. We compared our results with those reported in the open literature and we concluded that HTC of tannin in a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution allowed obtaining outstanding materials because they have both surface areas, higher than 500 m(2) g(-1), and high N content, around 8 wt.\%.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294754}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and P. FIOUX and A. CELZARD} } @article {1563, title = { Immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of Pituranthos tortuosus essential oil }, journal = { TUMOR BIOLOGY }, volume = {36}, year = {2015}, pages = {5165-5170}, abstract = {

Many studies have been performed to assess potential utility of natural products as immunomodulants to enhance antitumor activity in situ. In this study, an essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Pituranthos tortuosus was prepared using hydrodistillation, its composition was characterized, and its immunomodulatory potential was assessed. The results indicated that the EO contained sabinene, a-pinene, limonene, and terpinen-4-ol as major constituents. EO was also found to be able to significantly promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, suggestive of a potential for activation of B cells and enhanced humoral immune responses in hosts given this product. Effects of EO on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also investigated in B16F10 melanoma cells. EO-induced tumor cell growth inhibition was associated with characteristic apoptotic changes in the cells, including nuclear condensation. In conclusion, these data suggested to us that an EO of P. tortuosus could evolve to be a potential medicinal resource for use in the treatment of cancers.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01598446}, author = {M. KRIFA and H. EL-MEKDAD and N. BENTOUATI and A. PIZZI and K. GHEDIRA and M. HAMMAMI and S.E. EL-MESHRI and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA} } @article {1580, title = { Improving strength grading of timber by grain angle measurement and mechanical modeling }, journal = { WOOD MATERIAL SCIENCE \& ENGINEERING }, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, pages = {145-156}, abstract = {

Timber strength grading has become a major issue in the European Union during the last years, due to the introduction of the Eurocode 5 and all its related standards. Currently, the most performing strength grading machines are able to locally detect the boards\&$\#$39; knots sizes and positions and interpret this information through adapted grading models. The best lead to improve their accuracy seems to be the introduction of new information about the boards and adapt the mechanical model to take them in account. Small grain angle causes high reduction of clear wood\&$\#$39;s mechanical properties; local value of slope of grain appears to be of high interest. The aim of this study is to quantify the additional accuracy that grain angle information can bring to an optical scanner used as a strength grading machine. A specific grading model has been developed accordingly, and the results obtained for different machine/model/loading combinations are presented. These results show that slope of grain measurement can significantly improve the accuracy of the optical scanner, for both modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture estimations.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01063383}, author = {J. VIGUIER and A. JEHL and R. COLLET and L. BL{\'E}RON and F. MERIAUDEAU} } @article {1415, title = {The influence of heat and chemical treatments of beech wood on the shear strength of welded and UF bonded specimens, }, journal = {Eur. J. Wood Prod. }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, chapter = {685-687}, author = {ZIGON, J. and PIZZI, A. and ZHANG, H. and SEGA, B. and COP, M. and {\v S}ERNEK, M.} } @article {1593, title = { Latest progresses in the preparation of tannin-based cellular solids }, journal = { JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PLASTICS }, volume = {51}, year = {2015}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {

Tannins are non toxic, cheap and abundant polyphenolic oligomers extracted from tree barks. They can be easily used for preparing thermoset resins that are natural at the 70-95\% level, depending on the cases. From these resins, highly porous monoliths can be obtained by different techniques such as classical physical or chemical foaming, mixed physical/chemical foaming, by less-conventional methods such as emulsion-templating and stabilisation and hardening of either aerated emulsions or liquid foams. The resultant materials are not only interesting per se, but are also key precursors of novel cellular carbons having a broad range of applications. The present paper briefly reviews the latest advances for producing tannin-based cellular materials and their related characteristics and properties.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294757}, author = {A. CELZARD and A. SZCZUREK and P. JANA and V. FIERRO and M.C. BASSO and S. BOURBIGOT and M. STAUBER and A. PIZZI} } @article {1591, title = { Limoniastrum guyonianum methanol extract induces immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by activating cellular anti-oxidant activity }, journal = { DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY }, volume = {38}, year = {2015}, pages = {84-91}, abstract = {

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of plant extracts is an interesting and growing area of research. In this study, effects of a methanolic extract of Limoniastrum guyonianum stems (M extract) on mice immune cell function in vitro were investigated. These studies showed that mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited by the extract. Further, the lectin-induced response appeared to be more sensitive to the suppressive effects of the extract than were LPS-stimulated responses. In studies to assess any potential effects of extract on innate immunity, the results showed that the extract significantly enhanced the killing activity of isolated NK cells. In addition, studies here demonstrated that the extract could enhance lysosomal enzyme activity and inhibit nitrite oxide (NO) production by murine peritoneal macrophages ex vivo, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect in situ. The anti-inflammatory activity was concomitant with the cellular anti-oxidant effect in macrophages and splenocytes.

}, author = {M. KRIFA and N. MUSTAPHA and Z. GHEDIRA and K. GHEDIRA and A. PIZZI and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA} } @article {1248, title = {Low-pressure superheated steam drying of a porous media and the inversion temperature.}, journal = {Drying Technology: an International Journal}, volume = {33}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, chapter = {111}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599789}, author = {S. MESSAI and J. SGHAIER and L. CHRUSCIEL and M. EL-GANAOUI and S. GABSI} } @article {1576, title = { Microwave assisted extraction of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark: Impact of particle size and characterization }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {65}, year = {2015}, pages = {142-149}, abstract = {

The effect of particle size on the extraction of tannins by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was studied for the first time to our knowledge. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark from the South West of France was sieved into five ranges of particle size before extraction was carried out in an ethanol-water solution. For each extraction, the extraction yield, the total polyphenolic content, the condensed tannins content, and the sugar content were quantified. The extracts were characterized by their reactivity to formaldehyde, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), H-1 NMR, and heteronuclear single correlation spectroscopy-2D NMR (HSQC 2D NMR). The MAE was also compared to a hot water based extraction. The effect of the particle size on the extraction efficiency was studied. The HSQC 2D NMR revealed that (epi) catechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechine, and epigallocatechine gallate were obtained. Higher amounts of condensed tannins, sugars, and simple flavonoids were extracted by MAE extraction.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599786}, author = {L. CHUPIN and S.L. MAUNU and S. REYNAUD and A. PIZZI and B. CHARRIER and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1548, title = { Natural albumin/tannin cellular foams }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {73}, year = {2015}, pages = {41-48}, abstract = {

Albumin/tannin-based foams were prepared under alkaline or acid conditions by whipping up a water solution of a protein, egg albumin, mixed with a second water solution of condensed flavonoid tannins. Foam formulations with 4 different condensed tannin bark extracts and different relative proportions of protein and tannin were developed with a rapid foaming process where the protein has a double function: co-reagent and surfactant as well. Physical properties such as mechanical performance, thermal conductivity, and porous structure were characterised to identify the large potential of applications of these new cellular foams, fully bio-based and probable easier biodegradability. Moreover, some albumin-based foams were found to be completely flexible in certain conditions.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294576}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and M.P. LABORIE} } @article {1260, title = {Numerical modelling of 3D dowelled timber joints using advanced fully coupled hydro-mechanical constitutive equations }, journal = {Mechanics and Industry}, year = {2015}, author = {M. KHELIFA and A. KHENNANE and M. EL-GANAOUI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1571, title = { Pine (P. pinaster) and quebracho (S. lorentzii) tannin-based foams as green acoustic absorbers }, journal = { INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS }, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {70-73}, abstract = {

Open cells structure tannin-furanic foams prepared using two different types of tannins have been shown to give good sound absorption/acoustic insulation characteristics at medium and high frequencies (1000-4000 Hz) with coefficients of acoustic absorption of 0.85-0.97. Their acoustic absorption coefficient was lower 0.40-0.60 at lower frequencies (250-500 Hz). Compared with commercial foams, tannin-furanic foams have the same typical behavior of light porous materials. The more open-cell is the material the better is its sound absorption. Thicker samples absorb better at medium frequencies for all types of porous material tested.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294760}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and E.E. EBANG and N. GALLON and B. CHARRIER} } @article {1399, title = {Quantification and characterization of knotwood extractives of 12 European softwood and hardwood species}, journal = {Ann. For. Sci}, volume = {72(2)}, year = {2015}, pages = {277-284}, author = {Z. KEBBI-BENKEDER and F. COLIN and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1569, title = { Segregation of wood particles in a bubbling fluidized bed }, journal = { FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY }, volume = {133}, year = {2015}, pages = {80-88}, abstract = {

Understanding wood segregation in bubbling fluidized beds is of importance for the global analysis, comprehensive modeling, and scale-up of bubbling fluidized bed biomass gasifiers. This study presents measurements of voidage and segregation taken during experiments in fluidized beds containing inert materials mixed with biomass particles, The features of the wood particles affect the bed axial homogeneity; a small particle size or a high density increase homogeneity. When gas fluidization velocity is low, the biomass particles are more segregated from olivine compared to the results achieved with larger velocities. In all experiments, a significant portion of the wood remains within the bed (50-80\%), while the rest of the biomass floats at the bed surface. The experimental modeling accurately represents the voidage of the bed, with the exception of the upper part of the bed and the floating portion of the biomass particles. The results of the present study are in agreement with recent publications.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/LERMAB-UL/hal-01250404}, author = {B. CLUET and G. MAUVIEL and Y. ROGAUME and O. AUTHIER and A. DELEBARRE} } @article {1575, title = { Study of thermal durability properties of tannin-lignosulfonate adhesives }, journal = { JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY }, volume = {119}, year = {2015}, pages = {1577-1585}, abstract = {

This paper aims to study certain aspects of the preparation of tannin-lignin adhesives. Mimosa tannins and lignosulfonates were used in wood adhesives formulation to substitute resins based on formaldehyde. Two ammonium lignosulfonates and two sodium lignosulfonates were glyoxalated to be more reactive. The thermal stability of the lignosulfonates before and after glyoxalation was analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The proportion of mimosa tannins and sodium lignosulfonates varied from 20 \% tannins to 60 \% tannins. 40 \% of mimosa tannins were mixed with either glyoxalated sodium lignosulfonates or glyoxalated ammonium lignosulfonates. The thermal properties of the resins were studied by TG, DSC and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The results showed that after glyoxalation, the degradation of lignosulfonates started at 125 A degrees C instead of 171 A degrees C for the non-glyoxalated lignosulfonates. The results obtained showed that the 40 mass\% tannins resin was the most efficient. The TMA results showed that the curing of the resins started at 100-110 A degrees C. The TG and DSC results of the cured resins showed a thermal stability of the adhesives up to approximately 200 A degrees C.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01597717}, author = {L. CHUPIN and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and A. PERDOMO and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1556, title = {Tannin-based monoliths from emulsion-templating}, journal = { MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {79}, year = {2015}, pages = {115-126}, abstract = {

Highly porous monoliths prepared by emulsion-templating, frequently called polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) in the literature, were prepared from \"green\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; precursors such as Mimosa bark extract, sunflower oil and ethoxylated castor oil. Various oil fractions, ranging from 43 to 80 vol.\%, were used and shown to have a dramatic impact on the resultant porous structure. A critical oil fraction around 70 vol.\% was found to exist, close to the theoretical values of 64\% and 74\% for random and compact sphere packing, respectively, at which the properties of both emulsions and derived porous monoliths changed. Such change of behaviour was observed by many different techniques such as viscosity, electron microscopy, mercury intrusion, and mechanical studies. We show and explain why this critical oil fraction is the one leading to the strongest and most homogeneous porous monoliths.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294575}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and A.M. DE-YUSO and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1552, title = { Thermal conductivity improvement of composite carbon foams based on tannin-based disordered carbon matrix and graphite fillers}, journal = {MATERIALS \& DESIGN }, volume = {83}, year = {2015}, pages = {635-643}, abstract = {

Carbonaceous porous matrices were prepared from a tannin-based resin by physical foaming, having improved thermal properties by addition of various kinds and various amounts of graphite fillers. The resultant composite carbon foams presented much higher thermal conductivity, making them suitable for hosting phase-change materials with the aim of using them in seasonal storage applications. These materials were investigated in terms of porous structure, thermal and mechanical properties. It was shown that, unlike what was a priori expected, smaller particles were far more suitable for getting conductive, strong and porous matrices. The smaller were the particles, the better were the results. These findings were explained and justified, making such biomass-based composite carbon foams interesting and cheap candidates for thermal storage applications.

}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01294582}, author = {P. JANA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1588, title = { Using Local Climate Zone scheme for UHI assessment: Evaluation of the method using mobile measurements }, journal = { BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT }, volume = {83}, year = {2015}, pages = {39-49}, abstract = {

In the context of expansion of cities and raise of climate change awareness, urban planers are looking for methods and tools in order to take into account the urban heat island phenomenon. This study analyzes the way urban fabric modifies urban climate through the utilization of a climate scheme called Local Climate Zone (LCZ). This classification has been applied in Nancy (France). Urban indicators have been calculated so as to build 13 LCZ in the Great Nancy Area. The screen-height air temperature distribution has been investigated inside these LCZ via mobile measurements. Air temperature amplitude has mainly demonstrated lower values at nighttime than in daytime in urbanized LCZ types. Recurrent microscale hotspots and coldspots have been located in LCZ presenting heterogeneous urban fabric. Two Control Sites (CS) have been built in each LCZ. The CS average temperature has revealed good likeness with the spatially averaged air temperature. Average nocturnal air temperature differences between pairs of LCZ types have been obtained. These differences vary from less than 1 degrees degrees C for close LCZ types to more than 4 degrees degrees C for dissimilar LCZ types.

}, url = {https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01599791}, author = {F. LECONTE and J. BOUYER and R. CLAVERIE and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1393, title = {Utilization of temperature kinetic as prediction{\textquoteright}s way of a method to predict treatment intensity and corresponding wood properties of thermally modified}, journal = {Maderas-Cienc Tecnol}, year = {2015}, month = {17(2) /2015}, pages = {253-262}, author = {K. CANDELIER and S. HANNOUZ and M. ELAIEB and R. COLLET and S. DUMARCAY and A. PETRISSANS and P. GERARDIN} } @article {1405, title = {Valorisation of Tunisian pomegranate peels tannins in green adhesives formulations}, journal = { J. Renew. Mat}, volume = {3(1)}, year = {2015}, pages = {34-43}, author = {H. SAAD and A. PIZZI and B. CHARRIER and N. AYED and K. RODE and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY and F. BOUHTHOURY} } @article {1259, title = {Wood machining with a focus on French research in the last 50 years}, journal = {Annals of Forest Science}, volume = {72}, year = {2015}, author = {B. THIBAULT and L. DENAUD and R. COLLET and R. MARCHAL and J. BEAUCHENE and F. MOTHE and P. MARTIN and P.J. MEAUSOONE and P. LARRICQ and F. EYMA} } @article {1182, title = {Alkaline tannin rigid foams. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {182}, author = {M.C. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and M.C. LAGEL and A. CELZARD} } @article {1163, title = {An aqueous extract of Limoniastrum guyonianum gall induces anti-tumor effect in melanoma-injected mice via modulation of the immune response. }, journal = {Food and Chemical Toxicology}, year = {2014}, month = {04/2014}, author = {M. KRIFA and I. SKANDRANI and A. PIZZI and N. NASR and Z. GHEDIRA and N. MUSTAPHA and K. GHEDIRA and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA} } @article {1172, title = {Biomass-derived, thermally conducting, carbon foams for seasonal thermal storage. }, journal = {Biomass \& Bioenergy}, volume = {67}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {312}, author = {P. JANA and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1187, title = {Characterisation and application of urea-formaldehyde-furfural co-condensed resins as wood adhesives.}, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {6267}, author = {J. ZHANG and H. CHEN and A. PIZZI and Y. LI and Q. GAO and J. LI} } @article {1168, title = {Chemical activation of tannin-based hydrogels by soaking in KOH and NaOH solutions. }, journal = {Microporous \& Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {196}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {8}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and G. AMARAL-LABAT and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1243, title = {Comparison of 1D and 2D models predicting a packed bed drying }, journal = {Int. J. Multisci. Des Optim. }, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {S. MESSAI and M. EL-GANAOUI and J. SGHAIER and L. CHRUSCIEL and S. GABSI} } @article {1175, title = {Curing characterisation of spruce tannin-based foams using the advances isoconversional method}, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {4643}, author = {M. COP and M.P. LABORIE and A. PIZZI and M. SERNEK} } @article {1177, title = {Development and characterization of phenolic foams with phenol-formaldehyde-chestnut tannins resin.}, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {220}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and S. GIOVANDO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1165, title = {D{\'e}veloppement et caract{\'e}risation de mousses {\`a} base de tannin de quebracho.}, journal = {Mat{\'e}riaux \& Techniques}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {M.C. LAGEL and A. MARTINEZ-DE-YUSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO} } @article {1210, title = {Effects of silencing RET-PTC1 oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma by siRNA-squalene nanoparticles with and without fusogenic companion GALA-Cholesterol}, journal = {Thyroid}, volume = {24}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {327}, author = {H.M. ALI and A. MAKSIMENKO and G. URBINATI and H. CHAPUIS and M. RAOUANE and D. DESMAELE and H. YASUHIRO and H. HARASHIMA and P. COUVREUR and L. MASSAAD-MASSAADE} } @article {1005, title = {Effects of silencing the RET/PTC1 oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma by siRNA-squalene nanoparticles with and without fusogenic companion GALA-Cholesterol.}, journal = { Thyroid}, volume = {24}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {327-338}, author = {ALI, H-M. and URBINATI, G. and CHAPUIS, H. and DESMAELE, D. and RAOUANE, M. and YASUHIRO, H. and HARASHIMA, H. and COUVREUR, P. and MASSAAD-MASSADE, L.} } @article {1209, title = {Effects of siRNA on RET/PTC3 junction oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma : from molecular and cellular studies to preclinical investigations.}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {H.M. ALI and G. URBINATI and H. CHAPUIS and D. DESMAELE and J.R. BERTRAND and P. COUVREUR and L. MASSAAD-MASSAADE} } @article {1004, title = {Effects of siRNA on RET/PTC3 junction oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma: from molecular and cellular studies to preclinical investigations.}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {ALI, H-M. and URBINATI, G. and CHAPUIS, H. and DESMAELE, D. and BERTRAND, J-R. and COUVREUR, P. and MASSAAD-MASSADE, L.} } @article {1161, title = {Emulsion-templated porous carbon monoliths derived from tannins }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {74}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {352}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1001, title = {Enhancement of Mechanical Strength of Environmentally Friendly Pinus Tannins Adhesives for Particleboard Production using Cellulose Nanofibers}, journal = {Ann. Forest Sc.}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {CUI, J. and LU, X. and ZHOU, X. and CHRUSCIEL, L. and DENG, Y. and ZHOU, H. and ZHU, S. and BROSSE, N.} } @article {1219, title = {Experimental characterization of particle evolution size and density by thermal treatment: application to DEM model of biomass pyrolysis.}, journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {B. CADILLE and F. TOPIN and P. GIRODS and J. VICENTE and L. TADRIST and Y. ROGAUME} } @article {1262, title = {Finite element simulation of nanoindentation tests using a macroscopic computational model}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology}, volume = {28}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {3209}, author = {M. KHELIFA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {693, title = {Flexible-Elastic copolymerized Polyurethane-tannin foams}, journal = {Journal of applied polymer science}, volume = {131}, year = {2014}, month = {2013}, author = {MC. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and N. PRETORIUS and L. DELMOTTE and A. CELZARD} } @article {704, title = {Kinetics of the hydrothermal treatment of tannin for producing carbonaceous microspheres}, journal = {Bioresource technology}, volume = {151}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {271-277}, author = {FL. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRE and MT. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1167, title = {Limoniastrum guyonianum aqueous gall extract induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting calpain activity. }, journal = {Tumor Biology}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {M. KRIFA and A. PIZZI and M. MOUSLI and L. CHEKIR-GHEDIRA and L. LELOUP and K. GHEDIRA} } @article {1164, title = {Limoniastrum guyonianum methanol extract induces immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by activating cellular anti-oxydant activity}, journal = {Drug and Chemical Toxicology}, year = {2014}, author = {M. KRIFA and N. MUSTAPHA and Z. GHERIDA and K. GHERIDA and A. PIZZI and L. CHEKIR-GHERIDA} } @article {1166, title = {MALDI-TOF analysis of Aleppo pine (Pinus haleppensis) bark tannin. }, journal = {BioRessources}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {3396}, author = {S. ABDALLA and A. PIZZI and N. AYED and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUTHOURY and B. CHARRIER and F. BAHABRY and A GANASH} } @article {1170, title = {MALDI-TOF and 13C NMR analysis of Tunisian Zyzyphus jubjuba root bark tannins. }, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {59}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {277}, author = {S. ABDALLA and A. PIZZI and N. AYED and F. CHARRIER and F. BAHARRY and A. GANASH} } @article {1254, title = {Modeling and numerical simulation of wood torrefaction. }, journal = {Innovation in woodworking industry and engineering design.}, volume = {3}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {26}, author = {A. PETRISSANS and J. HAMADA and M. CHAOUCH and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1155, title = {A new method for preparing tannin-based foams.}, journal = {Industrial Crops \& Products}, volume = {54}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {40}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and M. STAUBER and A. CELZARD} } @article {695, title = {Numerical analysis of flexural strengthening of timber beams reinforced with CFRP strips}, journal = {Composite structures}, volume = {111}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {393-400}, author = {M. KHELIFA and A. CELZARD} } @article {1173, title = {Pinus pinaster tannin/furanic foams : Part 2: physical properties.}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, year = {2014}, author = {C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and M.P. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {703, title = {Pinus pinaster tannin/furanic foams: PART I. Formulation.}, journal = {Industrial crops and products.}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {450-456}, author = {C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and M.C. BASSO and MP. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {1208, title = {Preactivated Oxazaphosphorines designed for isophosphoramide mustard delivery as bulk form or nanoassemblies: synthesis and proof of concept. }, journal = {J. Med. Chem}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {C. SKARBEK and L. LESUEUR and H. CHAPUIS and A. DEROUSSENT and C. PIOCHE-DURIEUR and A. DAVILLE and J. CARON and M. RIVARD and T. MARTENS and J.R. BERTRAND and E. LE-CAM and G. VASSAL and P. COUVREUR and D. DESMAELE and A. PACI} } @article {1221, title = {Segregation of wood particles in a bubbling fuidized bed.}, journal = {Fuel Processing Technology}, volume = {133}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {80}, author = {B. CLUET and G. MAUVIEL and Y. ROGAUME and O. AUTHIER and A. DELABARRE} } @article {1184, title = {A SEM record of proteins-derived microcellular silicon carbide foams. }, journal = {J. Renewable Mat.}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {230}, author = {A. PIZZI and C. ZOLLFRANK and X. LI and M. CANGEMI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1174, title = {Structure and properties of rigid foams derived from quebracho tannin.}, journal = {Materials \& Design }, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {A. MARTINEZ-DE-YUSO and M.C. LAGEL and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1200, title = {Study of thermal durability properties of tannin lignosulphonate adhesives }, journal = {J. Thermal Anal. Calorimetry}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {L. CHUPIN and B. CHARRIER and A. PIZZI and A. PERDOMO and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY} } @article {1199, title = {Tannin-furanic-polyurethane foams for industrial continuous plant lines}, journal = {Polymers}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {2985}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and C. LACOSTE and L. DELMOTTE and F.A. AL-MARZOUKI and S. ABDALLA and A. CELZARD} } @article {1188, title = {Tortuosity studies of cellular vitreous carbon foams. }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {80}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {193}, author = {M. LETELLIER and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1206, title = {Transcriptomic responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to wood extractives: focus on a new glutathione transferase. }, journal = {Appl. Environ. Microbiol. }, volume = {80}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {6316}, author = {A. THUILLIER and K. CHIBANI and G. BELLI and E. HERRERO and S. DUMARCAY and P. GERARDIN and A. KOHLER and A. DEROY and T. DHALLEINE and R. BCHINI and J.P. JACQUOT and E. GELHAYE and M. MOREL-ROUHIER} } @article {1230, title = {UV powder coatings containing synthetic Ag-beidellite for antibacterial properties}, journal = {Appled Clay Sciences}, volume = {96}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, chapter = {73}, author = {V. MAURIN and C. CROUTXE-BARGHORN and X. ALLONAS and J. BRENDLE and J. BESSIERE and A. MERLIN and E. MASSON} } @article {994, title = {Wood thermodegradation: experimental analysis and modeling of mass loss kinetics}, journal = {Maderas-Cienc Tecnol}, volume = {16}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, author = {PETRISSANS, A. and YOUNSI, R. and CHAOUCH, M. and GERARDIN, P. and PETRISSANS, M.} } @article {654, title = {Acoustic properties of cellular vitreous carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {58}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {76-86}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and E. GOURDON and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {644, title = {Bioresourced pine tannin/furanic foams with glyoxal and glutaraldehyde}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {45}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {401-405}, author = {C. LACOSTE and M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and M.-P. LABORIE and D. GARCIA and A. CELZARD} } @article {679, title = {Carbon meringues derived from flavonoid tannins}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {65}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {214-237}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and M. STAUBER and A. CELZARD} } @article {674, title = {Characterisation of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark tannins extracted under different conditions by spectroscopic methods, FTIR and HPLC}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prods.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {897-903}, author = {L. CHUPIN and C. MOTILLON and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY and A. PIZZI and B. CHARRIER} } @article {1453, title = {Comparison of chemical composition and decay durability of heat treated wood cured at a same temperature under different inert atmospheres: nitrogen or vacuum}, journal = {Polym. Degrad. Stabil.,}, volume = {98}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {677-681}, author = {CANDELIER, K. and DUMARCAY, S. and PETRISSANS, A. and DESHARNAIS, L. and G{\'E}RARDIN, P. and PETRISSANS, M.} } @article {627, title = {Comparison of chemical composition and decay durability of heat treated wood cured under different inert atmospheres: Nitrogen or vacuum}, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {98}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {677-681}, author = {K. CANDELIER and S. DUMARCAY and A. PETRISSANS and L. DESHARNAIS and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {625, title = {Comparison of mechanical properties of heat treated beech wood cured under nitrogen or vacuum. }, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {98}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1762-1765}, author = {K. CANDELIER and S. DUMARCAY and A. PETRISSANS and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {665, title = {Condenstion reaction of flavonoid tannins with ammonia}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {330-335}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and W. RADKE and L. DELMOTTE and J. PARMENTIER} } @article {639, title = {Condenstion reaction of flavonoid tannins with ammonia}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {330-335}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and W. RADKE and L. DELMOTTE and J. PARMENTIER} } @article {685, title = {Dynamic Foaming Behaviour of Polyurethane vs. Tannin/Furanic Foams}, journal = {J.Renewable Mat.}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {273-274}, author = {MC. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {681, title = {Dynamic monitoring of tannin foams preparation: surfactant effects}, journal = {BioResources}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {5807-5816}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {595, title = {Effect of different pretreatments on delignification pattern and enzymatic hydrolysability of miscanthus, oil palm biomass and typha grass.}, journal = {Bioresour. Technol.}, volume = {135}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {82-88}, author = {YAKINDRA-TIMILSENA, P. and CHANDANA-ABEYWICKRAMA, J. and SUDIT-RAKSHIT, K. and BROSSE, N.} } @article {620, title = {Effect of heat treatment intensity on some conferred properties of different European softwood and hardwood species. }, journal = {Wood Science and Technology}, volume = {47}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {663-673}, author = {M. CHAOUCH and S. DUMARCAY and A. PETRISSANS and M PETRISSANS and P. GERARDIN} } @article {626, title = {Effect of heat treatment intensity on some conferred properties of different European softwood and hardwood species. }, journal = {Wood Science and Technology}, volume = {47}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {663-673}, author = {M. CHAOUCH and S. DUMARCAY and A. PETRISSANS and M. PETRISSANS and P. GERARDIN} } @article {637, title = {Evaluation of mechanical and physical properties of industrial particleboard bonded with a corn flour-urea-formaldehyde adhesive}, journal = {Composites: part B}, volume = {44}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {48-51}, author = {A. MOUBARIK and H.R. MANSOURI and A. PIZZI and A. ALLAL and F. CHARPIER and M.A. BADIA and B. CHARRIER} } @article {611, title = {Hydrogels obtained from an original catanionic system for efficient formulation of boron wood-preservatives.}, journal = {International Biodeterioration \& Biodegradation}, volume = {77}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {123-126}, author = {F. OBOUNOU-AKONG and M. MUTLUB and A. PASC and S. COSGUN and P. GERARDIN and C. GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER} } @article {689, title = {Hydrothermal treatment kinetics of tannins for producing catbonaceous microspheres}, journal = {Bioresource Techn.}, volume = {151}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {271-277}, author = {F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {609, title = {Index of efficiency for strength grading machines for solid wood}, journal = {European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering}, volume = {17}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {263-269}, author = {G. ROBLOT and L. BL{\'E}RON and F. MOTHE and R. COLLET} } @article {680, title = {Influence of formulation on the dynamics of preparation of tannin based foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {396-400}, author = {M.C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {649, title = {An investigation in thermochemical changes in Canadian hardwood species during wood welding. }, journal = {European J.Wood \& Wood Prod.}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {245-257}, author = {B. BELLEVILLE and T. STEVANOVIC and A. CLOUTIER and A. PIZZI and M. PRADO and S. ERAKOVIC and P. DIOUF and M. ROYER} } @article {632, title = {Lightweight tannin foam/composites sandwich panels and the coldset tannin adhesive to assemble them}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {255-260}, author = {X. ZHOU and A. PIZZI and A. SAUGET and A. NICOLLIN and X. LI and A. CELZARD and H. PASCH and K. RODE} } @article {653, title = {Mayonnaise, whipped cream and meringue, a new carbon cuisine}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {58}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {238-251}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {684, title = {Mechanical characterization of industrial particleboard panels glued with cornstarch- mimosa tannin- urea formaldehyde resins}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {423-429}, author = {A. MOUBARIK and A. PIZZI and F. CHARRIER and A. ALLAL and M-A. BADIA and H.R. MANSOURI and B. CHARRIER} } @article {651, title = {Mechanical properties of heat-treated organic foams}, journal = {Physical Reviews}, volume = {87}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and M. SAHIMI and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {669, title = {Multifunctional porous solids derived from tannins}, journal = {J.Physics: Conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {012023}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and W. ZHAO} } @article {635, title = {Nanotube-reinforced tannin/furanic rigid foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {X. LI and V.K. SRIVASTAVA and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and J.M. LEBAN} } @article {1152, title = {New families of carbon gels based on natural resources}, journal = {J. Physics: conferences Series}, volume = {416}, year = {2013}, month = {01/2013}, author = {A. SZCZUREK and G. AMARAL and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {664, title = {Physical properties of tannin/furanic resin foamed by different blowing agents}, journal = {BioResources}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {743-752}, author = {X. LI and C. LACOSTE and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {633, title = {Pine tannin-based rigid foams: mechanical and thermal properties}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {C. LACOSTE and C. BASSO and A. PIZZI and M.-P. LABORIE and A. CELZARD} } @article {661, title = {Production and properties of wood welded panels made from two canadian hardwoods}, journal = { Wood Sci.Technol.}, volume = {47}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1005-1018}, author = {B. BELLEVILLE and T. STEVANOVIC and A. CLOUTIER and A. PIZZI and A. SALENIKOVICH and P. BLANCHET} } @article {593, title = {Rapid optimization of Typha grass organosolv pretreatments using parallel microwave reactors for ethanol production}, journal = { Ind Eng Chem Res}, volume = {52}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1691-1697}, author = {CHANDANA-ABEYWICKRAMA, J. and YAKINDRA-TIMILSENA, P. and SUDIT-RAKSHIT, K. and BROSSE, N. and CHRUSCIEL, L.} } @article {604, title = {Shorter chains make stronger links- Monomers enhance crosslinkling of UV-cured powders for wood coating.}, journal = {European Coatings Journal}, volume = {2}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {22-26}, author = {V. MAURIN and X. ALLONAS and C. CROUTXE-BARGHORN and J. BESSIERES and J. BESSIERES} } @article {638, title = {Structure and oxidation resistance of microcellular Si-SiC foams derived from natural resins}, journal = {Ceramics International}, volume = {39}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {1841-1851}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and C. ZOLLFRANK and A. ORTONA and S. PUSTERLA and A. PIZZI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1242, title = {Study on a bamboo stressed flattening process}, journal = {Eur. J. Wood Products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {291}, author = {J. LIU and H. ZHANG and L. CHRUSCIEL and B. NA and X. LU} } @article {630, title = {Study on a bamboo stressed flattening process.}, journal = {European journal of wood and wood products}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {291-296}, author = {L. JIN and H. ZHANG and L. CHRUSCIEL and B. NA and X. LU} } @article {1228, title = {Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole/maghnite nanocomposites by in situ intercalative polymerization. }, journal = {International Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {2}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {68}, author = {M.A. ZENASNI and B. MEROUFEL and S. BENFARHI and M. CHEHIMI and S. MOLINA and B. GEORGE and M. RAGOUBI and A. MERLIN} } @article {647, title = {Systematic studies of tannin-formaldehyde aerogels: preparation and properties}, journal = {Sci.Techn.Adv.Materials}, volume = {14}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZCUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {670, title = {Tannin based xerogels with distinctive porous structure}, journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy}, volume = {56}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {437-445}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and L.I. GRISHECHKO and V. FIERRO and B.N. KUTZNETSOV and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {676, title = {Tannin-based flax fibre-reinforced bio-composites for structural application in Superlight Electric Vehicles}, journal = { Ind Crops \& Prod}, volume = {50}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {68-76}, author = {J. ZHU and H. ABHYANKAR and J. NJUGUNA and D. PERREUX and F. THIEBAUD and D. CHAPELLE and A. PIZZI and A. SAUGET and A. NICOLLIN} } @article {662, title = {Tannin/furanic foams without blowing agents and formaldehyde}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prods.}, volume = {49}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {17-22}, author = {M.C. BASSO and S. GIOVANDO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO} } @article {622, title = {Thermodesorption coupled to GC-MS to characterize volatiles formation kinetic during wood thermodegradation.}, journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis}, volume = {101}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, chapter = {96-102}, author = {K. CANDELIER and S. DUMARCAY and A. PETRISSANS and M. PETRISSANS and P. KAMDEM and P. GERARDIN} } @article {532, title = {Analysis of the mechanical behaviour of wood and welded wood under tensile-shear loads using a modified Arcan device}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1717-1731}, author = {B. GINESTE and J.Y. COGNARD and A. PIZZI} } @article {533, title = {"Blue-glue": A new precursor of carbon aerogels}, journal = { Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {158}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {272-280}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and E. MASSON and A. CELZARD} } @article {528, title = {Characterization of pomegranate peel tannin extractives}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {40}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {239-246}, author = {H. SAAD and F. CHARRIER-EL-BOUHTOURY and A. PIZZI and K. RODE and B. CHARRIER and N. AYED} } @article {577, title = {Chemical modification of tannin/furanic rigid foams by isocyanates and polyurethanes}, journal = {Maderas}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {257-265}, author = {X. LI and M.C. BASSO and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {1149, title = {Chemistry, morphology, microtomography and activation of natural and carbonized tannin foams for different applications. }, journal = {Macromolecular Symposia }, volume = {313-314}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {100}, author = {A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and G. TONDI} } @article {574, title = {Determination of optimal wood welding parameters for two North American hardwood species}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {27}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {256-276}, author = {B. BELLEVILLE and T. STEVANOVIC and A. SALENIKOVIC and A. PIZZI and A. CLOUTIER and P. BLANCHET} } @article {1203, title = {Effect of hydrocarbon stapling on the properties of alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides isolated from the venom of hymenoptera}, journal = {Amino Acids}, volume = {43}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {2047}, author = {H. CHAPUIS and J. SLANINOVA and L. BEDNAROVA and L. MONINCOVA and M. BUDESINSKY and V. CEROVSKY} } @article {518, title = {Electromagnetic shielding efficiency in Ka-band: carbon foam versus epoxy/CNT composites}, journal = {J. Nanophotonics}, volume = {6}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, author = {P. KUZIR and G. PADUBSKAYA and M. SHUBA and S. MAKSIMENKO and A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. PIZZI and J. MACUTKEVIC and J. BANYS and S. BISTARELLI and M. MASTRUCCI and F. MICCIULLA and I. SACCO and S. BELLUCCI} } @article {558, title = {Experimental and numerical analysis of wood thermodegradation - Mass loss kinetics}, journal = {Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry}, volume = {109}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {907-914}, author = {A. PETRISSANS and R. YOUNSI and M. CHAOUCH and P. GERARDIN and M. PETRISSANS} } @article {1212, title = {The fate of trace elements during the combustion of phytoremediation wood. }, journal = {Environmental Science and Technology}, volume = {46}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {13361}, author = {M. CHALOT and D. BLAUDEZ and Y. ROGAUME and A.S. PROVENT and C. PASCUAL} } @article {523, title = {Flexible natural tannin-based and protein-based biosourced foams}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {389-393}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and M. CANGEMI and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {541, title = {Highly mesoporous organic aerogels derived from soy and tannin}, journal = {Green Chemistry}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {3099-3106}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and L. GRISHECHKO and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and B. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {521, title = {Impact of depressurizing rate on the porosity of aerogels}, journal = {Microporous \& Mesoporous Materials}, volume = {152}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {240-245}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and E. MASSON and A. CELZARD} } @article {520, title = {Insulation rigid and elastic foams based on albumin}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Products}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {149-154}, author = {X. LI and A. PIZZI and M. CANGEMI and P. NAVARRETE and C. SEGOVIA and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {1150, title = {Modification of tannin based rigid foams using oligomers of a hyperbranched poly(amine-ester).}, journal = {J. Polymer research}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, author = {X. LI and H. ESSAWY and A. PIZZI and L. DELMOTTE and K. RODE and D. LE NOUEN and V. FIERRO and A. CELZARD} } @article {535, title = {New tannin-lignin aerogels}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {347-355}, author = {L. GRISHECHKO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and V. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {634, title = {New tannin-lignin aerogels}, journal = {Ind.Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {347-355}, author = {L. GRISHECHKO and G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and V. KUZNETSOV and A. CELZARD} } @article {1148, title = {Nitrogen-doped carbon materials produced from hydrothermally treated tannin.}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, chapter = {5411}, author = {F. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and M.T. IZQUIERDO and J. PARMENTIER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {550, title = {Nouveaux materiaux poreux multifunctionnels derives du bois}, journal = {Techniques de l{\textquoteright}Ingenieur}, volume = {11}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1-30}, author = {A. CELZARD and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI} } @article {539, title = {Oligomers distribution at the gel point of tannin-resorcinol-formaldehyde cold-set wood adhesives}, journal = {J.Adh.Sci.Technol}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {78-88}, author = {A. PIZZI and H. PASCH and A. CELZARD and A. SZCZUREK} } @article {1238, title = {Origin of molecular mobility during biomass pyrolysis as revealed by in situ 1H 1NMR analysis}, journal = {ChemSusChem}, volume = {5}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1}, author = {A. DUFOUR and M. CASTRO-DIAZ and N. BROSSE and M. BOUROUKB and C. SNAPE} } @article {547, title = {Overview on gas turbines and combined cycles with NOx reduction consideration}, journal = {International Journal of Energy Environment and Economics}, volume = {20}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {217-226}, author = {CENUSA, V. and BENELMIR, R. and MERABTINE, A.} } @article {526, title = {Pore structure and electrochemical performances of tannin-based carbon cryogels}, journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy}, volume = {39}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {274-282}, author = {G. AMARAL-LABAT and A. SZCZUREK and V. FIERRO and N. STEIN and C. BOULANGER and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {554, title = {Prediction of breaks caused by lipophilic extractives using on-line turbidity measurement}, journal = {Nordic Pulp \& Paper Research Journal}, volume = {27}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {910-914}, author = {C. CAEL and L. DESHARNAIS and S. DUMARCAY and M.J. STEBE and T. DELAGOUTTE and A. KLEM and P. GERARDIN} } @article {537, title = {Radiative properties of tannin-based, glasslike, carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {4102-4113}, author = {CELZARD, A. and TONDI, G. and LACROIX, D. and JEANDEL, G. and MONOD, B. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A.} } @article {549, title = {Reference calculations for gas turbines calculations}, journal = {International Journal of Energy Environment and Economics}, volume = {20}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {247-266}, author = {CENUSA, V. and BENELMIR, R. and MERABTINE, A.} } @article {588, title = { "Synthesis and self-assembling behavior of F-amphiphilic functionalized amines"}, journal = {Journal of Fluorine Chemistry}, volume = {134}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {115-121}, author = {N. DUPUY and A. PASC and E. MAYOT and S. COSGUN and C. GERARDIN} } @article {1204, title = {Synthesis of 6-substituted 2(1H)-pyridon-3-yl C-2{\textquoteright}-deoxyribonucleosides}, journal = {Eur. J. Org. Chem. }, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {1759}, author = {H. CHAPUIS and T. KUBELKA and N. JOUBERT and L. SLAVETINSKA and M. HOCEK} } @article {522, title = {Tailoring the structure of cellular vitreous carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {2026-2036}, author = {X. LI and M.C. BASSO and F.L. BRAGHIROLI and V. FIERRO and A. PIZZI and A. CELZARD} } @article {580, title = {UV Powders for wood coatings}, journal = {Radtech Report}, volume = {2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {12-16}, author = {V. MAURIN and X. ALLONAS and C. CROUTXE-BARGHORN and J. BESSIERE and A. MERLIN} } @article {563, title = {Wood coating by UV powders}, journal = {Cellulose Chem. Technol.}, volume = {46}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, chapter = {471-476}, author = {V. MAURIN and J. BESSIERE and C. CROUTXE-BARGHORN and X. ALLONAS and A. MERLIN and E. MASSON} } @article {717, title = {Extraction of condensed tannins from grape pomace for use as wood adhesives}, journal = {Industrial Crops Product}, volume = {33}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, chapter = {253-257}, author = {LAN, P. and BROSSE, N. and CHRUSCIEL, L. and NAVARRETE, P. and PIZZI, A.} } @article {1424, title = {Extraction of condensed tannins from grape pomace for use as wood adhesives}, journal = {Ind. Crop. Prod.,}, volume = {33}, year = {2011}, chapter = {253-257}, author = {LAN, P. and BROSSE, N. and CHRUSCIEL, L. and NAVARETTE, P. and PIZZI, A.} } @article {396, title = {Laser induced incandescence determination of the ratio of the soot absorption functions at 532 nm and 1064 nm in the nucleation zone of a low pressure premixed sooting flame}, journal = {Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics}, volume = {104}, year = {2011}, pages = {297-305}, author = {CLEON, G. and AMODEO, T. and FACCINETTO, P. and DESGROUX, P.} } @article {719, title = {New type of anhydrous organic electrolyte based on carboxylic acid functional triazole as model system}, journal = {Synthetic Metals}, volume = {161}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, chapter = {665-669}, author = {TURK, M. and COSGUN, S. and {\"U}N{\"U}G{\"U}RELIK, S. and ERDEMI, H. and GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER, C. and BOZKURT, A.} } @article {708, title = {Synthesis and self-assembling behavior of F-amphiphilic functionalized amines.}, journal = {Journal of Fluorine Chemistry}, volume = {134}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, chapter = {115-121}, author = {N. DUPUY and A. PASC and E. MAYOT and S. COSGUN and C. GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER} } @article {1417, title = {Utilization of thermodesorption coupled to GC-MS to study stability of different wood species to thermodegradation}, journal = {J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol}, volume = {92}, year = {2011}, chapter = {376-383}, author = {CANDELIER, K. and CHAOUCH, M. and DUMAR{\c C}AY, S. and PETRISSANS, A. and PETRISSANS, M. and GERARDIN, P.} } @article {770, title = {Bimodal cellular activated carbons derived from tannins}, journal = {J. Mater. Sci}, volume = {45}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {5778-5785}, author = {ZHAO, W. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {753, title = {Cornstarch-mimosa tannin urea-formaldehyde resins as adhesives in the particleboard production. }, journal = {Starch/St{\"a}rke}, volume = {62}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {131-138}, author = {MOUBARIK, A. and PIZZI, A. and ALLAL, A. and CHARRIER, F. and KHOUK, A. and CHARRIER, B.} } @article {752, title = {Development and optimisation of a new formaldehyde-free cornstarch and tannin adhesives. }, journal = {Holz Roh Werkstoff}, volume = {68}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {167-177}, author = {MOUBARIK, A. and CHARRIER, B. and ALLAL, A. and CHARRIER, F. and PIZZI, A.} } @article {757, title = {Differences between ?-Ala and Gly-Gly in the design of amino acids-based hydrogels}, journal = {Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry}, volume = {6}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {973-977}, author = {PASC, A. and OBOUNOU-AKONG, F. and COSGUN, S. and GERARDIN, C.} } @article {740, title = {Effect of Autohydrolysis of Miscanthus x giganteus on Lignin Structure and Organosolv Delignification.}, journal = { Bioressource Technology}, volume = {101}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {9321-9329}, author = {ELHAGE, R. and CHRUSCIEL, L. and DESHARNAIS, L. and BROSSE, N.} } @article {772, title = {Effect of composition and processing parameters on the characteristics of tannin-based rigid foams. Part 2: Physical properties}, journal = {Materials Chem. \& Phys.}, volume = {123}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {210-217}, author = {ZHAO, W. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A. and DU, G. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {771, title = { Effect of composition and processing parameters on the characteristics of tannin-based rigid foams. Part 1: Cell structure.}, journal = {Materials Chem. \& Phys.}, volume = {122}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {175-182}, author = {ZHAO, W. and PIZZI, A. and FIERRO, V. and DU, G. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {744, title = {Influence of nanoclay on phenol-formaldehyde and phenol-urea-formaldehyde resins for wood adhesives}, journal = {J. Adhesion Sci. Technol.}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {1567-1576}, author = {LEI, H. and DU, G. and PIZZI, A. and CELZARD, A. and FANG, Q.} } @article {733, title = {Investigations of chemical modifications of Beech Wood Lignin during heat treatment}, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {95}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {1721-1726}, author = {BROSSE, N. and EL HAGE, R. and CHAOUCH, M. and PETRISSANS, M. and DUMARCAY, S. and GERARDIN, P.} } @article {735, title = {Mechanical properties of tannin-based rigid foams undergoing compression}, journal = {Materials Science and Engineering A}, volume = {A527}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {4438-4446}, author = {CELZARD, A. and ZHAO, W. and PIZZI, A. and FIERRO, V.} } @article {746, title = {Physicochemical characterisation of sugar cane bagasse lignin oxidized by hydrogen peroxide}, journal = {Polym. Degrad \& Stab.}, volume = {95}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {470-476}, author = {MANCERA, A. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A. and DUMARCAY, S. and GERARDIN, P. and VELAZQUEZ, J. and QUINTANA, G. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {765, title = {Prediction of decay resistance of heat treated wood on the basis of its elemental composition. }, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {95}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {94-97}, author = {SUSTERSIC, Z. and MOHAREB, A., and CHAOUCH, M. and PETRISSANS, M. and PETRIC, M. and GERARDIN, P.} } @article {737, title = {Proton conductivity properties of acid doped fluoroalkylated 1,2,3-triazole.}, journal = {Journal of Fluorine Chemistry}, volume = {131}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {776-779}, author = {COSGUN, S. and {\c C}ELIK, S.{\"U}. and {\"O}ZDEN, S. and T{\"U}YS{\"U}Z, S. and BOZKURT, A. and GERARDIN-CHARBONNIER, C.} } @article {766, title = {Reaction mechanism of hydroxymethylated resorcinol adhesion enhancer with polyurethane adhesives in wood bonding}, journal = {J. Adhesion Sci. Technol.}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {1577-1582}, author = {PIZZI, A. and SZCZUREL, A. and DELMOTTE, L. and CERLZARD, A.} } @article {762, title = {Structure and electrochemical capacitance of carbon cryogels derived from phenol-formaldehyde resins. }, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {48}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {3874-3883}, author = {SZCZUREK, A. and JUREWICZ, K. and AMARAL-LABAT, G. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {736, title = {Utilization of wood elemental composition to predict heat treatment intensity and decay resistance of different softwood and hardwood species}, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {95}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, chapter = {2255-2259}, author = {CHAOUCH, M. and PETRISSANS, M. and PETRISSANS, A. and GERARDIN, P.} } @article {887, title = {Activated carbon prepared from wood particleboard wastes : characterization and phenol adsorption capacities}, journal = {Journal of Hazardous materials}, volume = {166}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {491-501}, author = {GIRODS, P. and DUFOUR, A. and FIERRO, V. and ROGAUME, Y. and ROGAUME, C. and ZOULALIAN, A. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {843, title = {Characterization of milled wood lignin and ethanol organosolv lignin from Miscanthus}, journal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability}, volume = {94}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {1632-1638}, author = {ELHAGE, R. and BROSSE, N. and CHRUSCIEL, L. and SANCHEZ, C. and SANNIGRAHI, P. and RAGAUSKAS, A.} } @article {854, title = {Cornstarch and tannin in phenol-formaldehyde resins for plywood production}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {30}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {188-193}, author = {MOUBARIK, A. and PIZZI, A. and ALLAL, A. and CHARRIER, F. and CHARRIER, B.} } @article {885, title = {Effect of micropores diffusion on kinetics of CH4 decomposition over a wood-derived carbon catalyst}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A: General}, volume = {360}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {120-125}, author = {DUFOUR, A. and CELZARD, A. and OUARTASSI, B. and BROUST, F. and FIERRO, V. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {873, title = {Erratum to "Tannin-based carbon foams"}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {2761}, author = {TONDI, G. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {853, title = {Evaluation of decay resistance of composites made from borax-impregnated wood and bonded with a formaldehyde-free cornstarch and tannin adhesive}, journal = {Annals of Forest Science}, volume = {66}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {109}, author = {MOUBARIK, A. and CHARRIER, F. and CHARRIER, B., and PIZZI, A. and ALLAL, A.} } @article {865, title = {High resin content natural matrix-natural fibre biocomposites}, journal = {Ind. Crops \& Prod.}, volume = {30}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {235-240}, author = {PIZZI, A. and KUENY, R. and LECOANET, F. and MASSETAU, B. and CARPENTIER, D. and KREBS, A. and LOISEAU, F. and MOLINA, S. and RAGOUBI, M.} } @article {886, title = { Mechanisms and kinetics of methane thermal conversion in a syngas}, journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research}, volume = {48}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {6564-6572}, author = {DUFOUR, A. and VALIN, S. and CASTELLI, P. and THIERY, S. and BOISSONNET, G. and ZOULALIAN, A. and GLAUDE, P.A.} } @article {874, title = {Tannin-based carbon foams}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {1480-1492}, author = {TONDI, G. and FIERRO, V.F. and PIZZI, A. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {877, title = {Tannin-based rigid foams: a survey of chemical and physical properties}, journal = {Bioresource Techn.}, volume = {100}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {5162-5169}, author = {TONDI, G. and ZHAO, W. and PIZZI, A. and FIERRO, V. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {891, title = {Technical note : Equilibrium moisture content of Norway spruce at low pressure}, journal = {Wood and Fiber Sciences}, volume = {41}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {325-328}, author = {ZOULALIAN, A. and CHEN, Z. and MOUGEL, E. and PERRE, P. and YOUGS, R.L.} } @article {872, title = {X-ray microtomography studies of tanninderived organic and carbon foams}, journal = {Microscopy \& Microanalysis}, volume = {15}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, chapter = {395-402}, author = {TONDI, G. and BLACHER, S. and LEONARD, A. and PIZZI, A. and FIERRO, V. and LEBAN, J.M. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {931, title = {Analysis of gasses emitted during carbonization degradation of polyflavonoid tannin/furanic rigid foams.}, journal = {Polymer Degrad. \& Stabil.}, volume = {93}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {1539-1543}, author = {TONDI, G. and PIZZI, A. and MASSON, E. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {935, title = {Catalytic decomposiition of methane over a wood char concurrently activated by a pyrolysis gas}, journal = {Applied Catalysis: General}, volume = {346}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {164-173}, author = {DUFOUR, A. and CELZARD, C. and FIERRO, V. and MARTIN, E. and BROUST, F. and ZOULALIAN, A.} } @article {897, title = {Environment-friendly soy flour-based resins without formaldehyde}, journal = {J. Appl. Polymer Sci.}, volume = {108}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {624-632}, author = {AMARAL-LABAT, G.A. and PIZZI, A. and GONCALVES, A.R. and CELZARD, A. and RIGOLET, S.} } @article {898, title = {Flocculation of cellulose fibre suspensions: the contribution of percolation and effective-medium theories}, journal = {Cellulose}, volume = {15}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {803-814}, author = {CELZARD, A. and FIERRO, V. and PIZZI, A.} } @article {913, title = {Influence of nanoclay on urea-formaldehyde resins for wood adhesives}, journal = {J. Appl. Polymer Sci.}, volume = {109}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {2442-2451}, author = {LEI, H. and DU, G. and PIZZI, A. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {916, title = {Initial stages of Fagus sylvatica wood colonization by the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor : enzymatic characterization}, journal = {International Biodeterioration \& Degradation}, volume = {61}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {287-293}, author = {LEKOUNOUGOU, S. and MOUNGUENGUI, S. and DUMARCAY, S. and ROSE, C. and COURTY, P.E. and GARBAYE, J. and GERARDIN, P. and JACQUOT, J.P. and GELHAYE, E.} } @article {923, title = {MALDI-TOF Structure determination of complex thermoset networks {\textendash} Polyflavonoid tannin-furanic rigid foams}, journal = {J. Appl. Polymer Sci.}, volume = {110}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {1451-1456}, author = {PIZZI, A. and TONDI, G. and PASCH, H. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {941, title = {A novel method for evaluating the influence of wood machining conditions on the quality of a finished surface}, journal = {Wood Science and Technology}, volume = {42}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {181-195}, author = {COELHO, C. and MARTINS, J. and CARVALHO, L. and COSTA, C. and MASSON, D. and MEAUSOONE, P.J.} } @article {900, title = {Permeability and expanded structure of baked products crumbs}, journal = {Food Biophysics}, volume = {1}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {113-120}, author = {CHAUNIER,L and CHRUSCIEL,L and DELISEE,C and DELLA.VALLE,G and MALVESTIO, J} } @article {899, title = {Physical gelation of waterborne thermosetting resins by percolation theory- UF, MUF, MF resins}, journal = {J. Polymer Sci, part B : Physics}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {971-978}, author = {CELZARD, A. and PIZZI, A. and FIERRO, V.} } @article {933, title = {Structure degradation, conservation and rearrangement in the carbonization of polyflavonoid tannin/furanic rigid foams {\textendash} a MALDI {\textendash} TOF investigation}, journal = {Polymer Degrad. \& Stabil.}, volume = {93}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, chapter = {968-975}, author = {TONDI, G. and PIZZI, A. and PASCH, H. and CELZARD, A.} } @article {949, title = {Enzymatic acylation of flavonoids: Effect of the nature of the substrate, origin of lipase, and operating conditions on conversion yield and regioselectivity}, journal = {J. Agric. Food Chem.}, volume = {55}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, chapter = {9496-9502}, author = {CHEBIL, L. and ANTHONI, J. and HUMEAU, C. and GERARDIN, C. and ENGASSER, J.M. and GHOUL, M.} } @article {946, title = {Inorganic UV absorbers for the photostabilization of wood-clearcoating systems: comparison with organic UV absorbers}, journal = {Applied surface science}, volume = {253}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, chapter = {3737-3745}, author = {ALOUI, F. and AHAJJI, A. and IRMOULI, Y. and GEORGE, B. and CHARRIER, B. and MERLIN, A.} } @article {1451, title = {Oligomers distribution at the gel point of tannin-formaldehyde thermosetting adhesives for wood panels,}, journal = { J. Adh. Sci. Technol.}, volume = { 27}, month = {2012}, pages = {18-19}, author = {PIZZI,A and PASCH,H and CELZARD,A and SZCZUREK,A} } @article {1416, title = {Wood block board fabricated by rotational dowel welding}, journal = {Adh. Sci. Technol}, volume = {25}, chapter = {2745-2753 }, author = {BELLEVILLE, B. and SEGOVIA, C. and PIZZI, A. and STEVANOVIC, T. and CLOUTIER, A.} }